Study Guide/Chapter 11/The Americas

What year did the 1st enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas?

1518

First explorer to circumnavigate or sail around the world?

Ferdinand Magellan

Characteristics of Spanish, British & French Colonies?

French; Central North America English; East Coast of North America Spanish; Southern North America, Central America, Western/Majority South America Portuguese; Brazil/Eastern South America

Chief motives for European expansion?

God, Glory and Gold

Arm of the Atlantic south of the Unted State and east of Mexico?

Gulf of Mexico

Spanish Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)?

Henando Cortes

The Mayan writing system was based on ___?___, or pictures

Hieroglyphs

How did the Maya satisfy their Gods?

Human Sacrifice

Who were the first peoples to cross the Bering Strait from Asia into North America?

Hunters & Gathers

People inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)?

Inuit

People of the Mississippian culture in the northeast?

Iroquois

Which is true statement about colonial Latin American society?

It was Multiracial

Italian born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland

John Cabot

Imaginary line that the Pope drew through the New World?

Line of Demarcation

Iroquois house about 150-200 feet, built of wood poles covered with sheets of bark, houses about dozen families

Longhouse

Abandoned city which shows the architectual genius of the Inca?

Machu Picchu

_____?_____ is also know as corn

Maize

Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century & served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)?

Marco Polo

Civilization flourised between A.D. 300-900. Most sophisticated civilizations in the Americas?

Maya

What does God, Glory and Gold mean?

the spread of Christianity and gain wealth

How did the Inca ruler Pachacuti create a well-organized empire?

Divide it into 4-quarters, each ruled by a governor

Results of the Age of Exploration?

Encomienda System: *Spain becomes a more powerful Empire *African Slave Trade *Conquistadors push North *Cultural destruction

What nation controlled most of the eastern seaboard of North America by the end of the 1600s?

England

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)?

Hernan Cortes

People in the Ohio River Valley who were known as the Mound Builders ?

Hopewell

Lake where the capital city of the ancient Aztecs Tenochtitlan was built?

Lake Texcoco

Term given to the Native American tribes that were in the Great Plains region and Rocky Mountains?

Plains Indians

Difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise?

Balance of Trade

Last ruling Incan Emperor of Peru; executed by the Spanish (Pizarro)?

Atahualpa

What caused the most deaths in the Aztez & Inca populations

European diseases

Approximately what time did the Moche civilization appear?

A.D. 300

sun-dried brick?

Adobe

Italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, America is named after him?

Amerigo Vespucci

People who established an extensive farming society, used canals & earthen dams to turn parts of desert in fertile gardens. Skillled in making baskets and crafted pottery?

Anasazi

Narrow stretch of water that separates Asia from North America?

Bering Strait

Which of the following is true of the Aztec?

Built Monumental Architecture

How did the Iroquois settle their differences after the Iroquois League was formed?

By the Grand Council

Oldest major city in the Americas?

Caral

Factors that allowed exploration to begin?

Caravels Cartography Navigational Equipment

People in the coastal regions or modern-day Peru and Ecuador?

Chavin

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for China?

Christopher Columbus

Each Iroquois group was made up of ___?____ groups of related families.

Clans

Exchange of goods & ideas between Native Americans & Europeans?

Columbian Exchange

Spanish conquerors of the Americas known as?

Conquistadors

Which early American crops were called the "Three Sister"?

Corn, Beans, Squash

Island found by Columbus on his 1st journey?

Cuba

Why did slavery develop and what were the characteristics?

Death of Native Americans, Europe needed new laborers. Transatlantic begins in 1500s

Located on the Malay Penninsula was central point in the spice trade?

Melaka

Set of principles dominated economic thought in the 1700 century?

Mercantilism

What is the Economic impact of Colonization?

Mercantilism; Portugal controlled 10% gold Balance of Trade Joint Stock Companies; companies built from investors

Where a large community of Anazazi built a remarkable series of buildings in the recesses of the cliff walls ?

Mesa Verde

Name used for areas of Mexico & Central America where ancient empires flourished?

Mesoamerica

Offsprings of Africans & Europeans?

Mestizos

Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America & the West Indies?

Middle Passage

System allowed authorities to draft natives to work in silver mines?

Mita

Aztec chieftan; assumed that Soanush were gods?

Montezuma

The first known civilization in Mesoamerica?

Olmec

Country that took the lead in European exploration?

Portugal

Pince of Portugal who established an observatory & school of navigation at Sagres?

Prince Henry the Navigator

Multi-storied structure of the Anasazi, that could house up to 250 people?

Pueblo

Ruler that granted Encomienda to the Spanish settlers in the Americas?

Queen Isabella

System of Knotted strings that the Incas used to keep records?

Quipu

What was the first major city in Mesoamerica?

Tenochtitlan

Made by stretching buffalo skins over wooden poles?

Tepee

Urban center located in present-day Guatemala

Tikal

Line of Demarcation which was boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish & Portuguese possessions in the Americas?

Treaty of Tordesillas

__?__ trading route that connected Europe, Africa & the Americas?

Triangular Trade

Goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors is know as a ____?____

Tribute

Goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors?

Tribute

How did the Toltec irrigate their fields of beans, maize and peppers?

Tula River

Portugese sailor who was the 1st European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean?

Vasco de Gama