Intro. to Psychopathology Exam 2

persuasive

A healer who uses a traditional method that involves a series of rituals designed to transform the meanings of symptoms for persons with schizophrenia, thus diminishing their pain, is using a _____ model.

can experience several different delusions at the same time.

A person with schizophrenia:

The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors.

According to DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

The attention and sympathy received as a result of the symptom complaints

According to Freud's explanation of the conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), which of the following best describes secondary gain?

economic inequalities were greatest.

According to research, suicide rates among African American males in the United States were highest in communities where:

evaluate their own behavior harshly.

According to the cognitive theories of phobias, people with social anxiety disorder:

-Families are taught about the disorder's biological causes, its symptoms, and the medications and their side effects. -Family members learn communication skills as well as problem-solving skills to reduce the overall level of stress in the family. -Family members learn behavioral techniques for encouraging appropriate behavior and discouraging inappropriate behavior by their family member with schizophrenia.

Aspects of family-oriented therapies

psychotic

Bart has been diagnosed with major depression. Recently, he has been experiencing hallucinations. He sees mystical beings cloaked in white swooping down from the sky trying to "whisk" him away. Bart is most likely experiencing major depression with _____ features.

somatic symptom disorder

Bethany is experiencing dizziness, head pain and numbness in her lower limbs, all with no apparent medical reason. Bethany is most likely experiencing a(n) _____

unconscious and conscious

Cognitive theorists maintain that people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) focus on threats at both the _____ levels.

43 to 48

Family history studies reveal that the heritability of panic disorder is _____ percent.

persecutory delusion

Fred believes that the FBI has put a wiretap on his phone and that they are trying to entrap him. Most likely, Fred is experiencing a _____.

the transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms.

Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as the result of:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Gerald has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He has been taking his medicine regularly, but has begun to experience side effects such as constipation and drowsiness. Which drug is he most likely taking for his symptoms?

persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

If a person experiences depressed mood plus two other symptoms of depression for at least two years, and during the two years he or she has not been without depressive symptoms for more than two months, the person is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

limbic system

In the brain, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are found in large quantities in the _____.

functional analysis

In the treatment of mood disorders, which of the following is the first phase of behavior therapy?

more than 90%

It is probable that _____ of people who commit suicide had been suffering from a diagnosable mental disorder.

a blood-injection-injury type phobia

Janelle is terrified of needles and the sight of blood. When she was younger, she had to have several stitches because of a bicycle accident. The cut on her forehead was deep and bled profusely. At the sight of blood, Janelle feels her blood pressure and heart rate drop, and on one occasion, she even fainted. Janelle is most likely suffering from _____.

delusion of thought insertion

Jeff believes that aliens from a parallel universe are controlling his thoughts. Jeff is most likely experiencing a _____.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Judith worries daily about whether her husband made it safely to work, how her children are getting on in school, what she should cook for dinner, and if the family will be satisfied with the meal she prepares. Judith is sluggish most of the time and has trouble concentrating on positive things. Judith is most likely suffering from:

brief psychotic

Julia suddenly experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech, but these symptoms lasted for only 3 days. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

negative

June has been avoiding riding elevators since she was seven years old. When she is with other people, she makes excuses to use the stairs and feels relief upon avoiding elevator rides. June's fear of elevators is being maintained by _____ reinforcement.

conversion

Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Lorna is most likely exhibiting a symptom of _____ disorder.

are most prominent in the prodromal and residual phases.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

amnesias may be faked by people to escape punishment for crimes committed. Correct

One complication that arises in diagnosing amnesias is the possibility that:

GABA receptors.

People diagnosed with general anxiety disorder (GAD) are thought to have deficient levels of:

have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

locus ceruleus.

People with panic disorder show dysregulation of norepinephrine systems in an area of the brainstem called the:

what is real and what is not real

Psychosis refers to knowing the difference between:

Germany

Religious delusions of having committed a sin are more common among individuals with schizophrenia from _____.

retrograde amnesia

Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has _____.

somatic symptom

Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had severe headaches and tremors for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Sherry is most likely suffering from a(n) _____ disorder.

anhedonia

Stanley has experienced a loss of the ability to experience pleasure. Stanley is most likely exhibiting _____.

He is most likely taking lithium

Stewart has been warned by his psychiatrist not to miss any of his medication-check appointments. The drug he is taking can be lethal if not monitored regularly. Which of the following drugs is Stewart most likely taking?

somatic

Tabitha believes that an alien being is growing inside of her. Tabitha is most likely experiencing a(n)_____ hallucination.

cognitive-behavioral therapies

Terrence has been seeing a therapist for his recurrent panic attacks. His therapist teaches him relaxation techniques to help him gain control over his anxiety symptoms. Terrence is also taught to identify the thoughts that are intrusive and aggravate his symptoms. He is encouraged to note these thoughts in a daily journal. Terrence's therapist is most likely using _____ to treat his panic disorder.

one month

The DSM-5 states that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show two or more symptoms of the psychosis consistently for at least _____.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The agitation and risky behavior accompanying mania in youth are difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of _____.

anxious distress

The combination of major depression and anxiety is so common that the authors of the DSM-5 introduced the subtype of _____.

prepared classical

The idea that people learn to fear or avoid selected objects or situations that are vestiges of evolutionary history, and individuals are biologically prepared to quickly associate fear responses with certain objects is called _____ conditioning.

many people with phobias cannot identify traumatic events that triggered them.

The most significant problem with the behavioral theory of phobias is that:

Impulsivity

The personality characteristic that seems to predict suicide best is _____.

internal, stable, and global.

The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on people who habitually explain negative events by causes that are:

fear of the marketplace

The translation of the Greek term "agoraphobia" means:

True

True or false: Blood-injection-injury type phobias are more likely than other phobias to run in families

will behave quite normally in the new environment.

Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

The intensity of exposure to the feared stimuli

What differentiates flooding from systematic desensitization?

Avolition

What is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

SSRI

When people first begin taking a(n) _____, they sometimes report feeling "jittery" or having a feeling of "crawling out of one's skin."

their personal identities

When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember:

panic disorder

Which diagnosis is most likely when panic attacks that are not usually provoked by any particular situation become a common occurrence, leading one to begin to worry about having the attacks and change behaviors as a result?

Hopelessness

Which of the following cognitive variables has predicted suicide most consistently?

Having experienced the traumatic event first-hand

Which of the following factors increases an individual's vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

As a trial for suicide

Which of the following is NOT believed to be a reason to trigger nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)?

Maladaptive responses are out of proportion to the threat, whereas adaptive responses are appropriate to the situation.

Which of the following is a key difference between adaptive fear responses and maladaptive anxiety responses?

the child

Which of the following is the most common alter found in people with dissociative identity disorder?

auditory

Which of the following is the most common hallucination?

Poisoning

Which of the following is the most common method of suicide among women?

Depressed people show a bias toward negative thinking.

Which of the following is true according to the cognitive theories of depression?

The hippocampus may shrink due to overexposure to neurotransmitters and hormones.

Which of the following is true of brain activities found in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers?

People who undergo unilateral ECT experience memory problems.

Which of the following is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Stressful circumstances may not cause someone to develop schizophrenia but they may trigger new episodes in people with the disorder.

Which of the following is true of the role of environmental stressors in the development of schizophrenia?

An 87-year-old European American male

Which of the following people would be at the greatest risk for suicide?

Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional level of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of dopamine and schizophrenia?

They do not experience mood changes as a result of psychosocial events, such as regularly being unemployed during the winter.

Which of the following statements is true about individuals with seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

People with schizophrenia typically must take neuroleptic drugs all the time in order to prevent new episodes of acute symptoms.

Which of the following statements is true about neuroleptics?

It is in line with the Japanese emphasis on deference to others.

Which of the following statements is true about taijinkyofusho?

Behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and drug therapies appear to be about equally effective in treating most people with depression.

Which of the following statements is true about the different treatments for mood disorders?

Impaired connectivity between sensory or motor areas of the brain is likely to cause conversion disorder.

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

Women are at a greater risk of developing PTSD than men.

Which of the following statements is true of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

lithium

_____ can cause diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney dysfunction and can contribute to birth defects if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy.

creative artists

_____ have a higher-than-normal prevalence of mania and depression.

Social

_____ interventions include increasing contact between people with schizophrenia and supportive others, often through self-help support groups.

Overexposure of the brain to neurochemicals

_____ may cause memories of the traumatic event to be planted more firmly in memory.

dialectical behavior

_____ therapy was developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder, who frequently attempt suicide.

Behavioral

_____ treatments for conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the initial trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits the person is receiving from the conversion symptoms.