Intro to sociology

which of the following is an example of a total institution

a prison

a pilot study is

a smaller study used to investigate the feasibility of a larger one

what key difference between anthropology and sociology?

anthropology largely concentrates on traditional, small, or indigenous cultures, whereas sociology is interested in societies at all level of development.

research that focuses on one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences is known as

autoethnography

mark granovetter has argued that people you know best are likely to possess only information you already have. This is why he believed that, when looking for employment, it is advantageous to have

casual acquaintances who are connected to different social networks

macro sociology is an approach that

examines large-scale social structures to see how they affect individual lives.

differential association theory is associated with structural functionalism

false

our social networks consist of just our closest friends family

false

secondary groups cannot be geographically dispersed

false

a characteristic of primary groups is that they

involved a strong sense of belonging

survey research tends to produce quantitative data. One key advantage of this kind of data is that it?

is easy to transmit to the public

one of the functions of symbolic culture is that

it enables people to communicate

what does the sapir-whorf hypothesis propose?

language can structure our perception of reality.

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior, from ________ to ________.

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

what is a closed-ended question?

one that limits the possible responses

which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance

violation of social norms

an example of something that would be part of the material culture of an individual or society would be

weapons of war

how do sociologists define positive deviance

actions initially considered deviant, but later deemed appropriate

what is the uniform crime report

an offical measure of crime in the United States

emile durkheim worried that individuals would feel less connected to groups in an increasingly fragmented modern world which would lead to

anomie or normlessness

A behavior, trait, or belief is considered deviant if it

departs from a norm and results in negative reaction

sociologically, what is the difference between a group and a crowd?

individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity and have ongoing social relations

informal norms are different from formal norms in that

informal norms are implied and written

robert merton's typology of deviance outlines the strain that people experience as they attempt to access cultural goals through legitimate institutionalized means. in which of the following categories would gangsters and con artists be found

innovation

what is the difference in how sociologists and anthropologists study culture?

sociologists usually study a society to which they belong

what does the nature vs nurture debate help us understand?

the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning

the definition of culture is

the entire way of life as a group of people, and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

socialization is the

the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

what does social identity theory suggest about teamwork

the most efficient teams are made up of members with a strong shared social identity

the scientific method involves

the procedure for acquiring and collecting scientific data.

what is an advantage of using interviews as a research method?

they reveal attitudes and beliefs inaccessible by any other mean's.

what is a weakness of the sociological approach?

It attempts to grasp things that everyday actors understand implicitly.

what is the danger of too much group cohesion

It can lead to groupthink, in which dissenting opinions are strongly discouraged.

how is culture transmitted and internalized?

We learn values and beliefs slowly and incrementally.

which of the following is an example of resocialization?

a woman learning basic living skills after a car accident

what must there be for a survey to be considered valid?

a high response

what is a simple random sample?

a sample that provides the same chance of being included to every member of the population

A paradigm is

a set of assumptions, theories, and perspectives that make up a way of understanding social reality

how is a counterculture different from a subculture?

both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the main stream.

which of the following is an example of feeling rule?

boys don't cry

how do sociologists observe society?

by studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence each other.

micro sociology is an approach that

examines interactions between individuals and how those interactions reflect larger societal patterns.

which theory suggests that crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

conflict theory

what has most of the sociological literature on deviance traditionally focused on?

crime

what do we call norm violations that are codified into law

crimes

regarding stigma, symbolic interactionists are interested in

how people manage their stigmatized identities on an everyday basis

role conflict occurs when an individual has

multiple roles that are in conflict with each other.

Which of the following statements is true about bureaucracies

people who work in bureaucracies may feel alienation as a result of being treated in terms of roles, rules and functions rather than individuals

many sociologists have worried that the modern economy demands both geographic and occupational mobility, which, in turn means that bureaucratic organizations have become the norm. What sort of groups might become weaker or strained if people have to move frequently throughout their life?

primary groups

researchers should avoid using double barreled questions when designing a survey. What are double barreled questions?

questions that ask about multiple issues

norms are enforced in everyday settings by

sanctions

what makes sociology exceptional among the social sciences?

sociology encompasses a huge intellectual territory, making it more comprehensive

The term "master status" is defined as a

status that seems to override all other statuses a person possesses.

which social theory focuses on micro-level interactions?

symbolic interactionism

What is the sociological imagination?

the ability to understand the interplay between the self and larger social forces

sociologists define the self as

the experience of an individual's personal identity that is distinct from other people.

a goal of socialization is

to teach norms, values, and beliefs

ethnography's main goal is

to understand the meanings people attach to their activities

sigmund freud, charles cooley, and george herbert mead all contributed to the study of the self

true

sociologists claim that culture is the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on in the world around us

true