Intro to sociology final

How has union membership changed in recent years?

Membership has steeply declined.

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." This slogan could only be fully realized with:

pure communism

According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?

to make it easier for students from undeserved backgrounds to enter college

What large-scale social change has made celebrity politicians more popular and successful?

the increasing importance of television

Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?

While curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.

Since 1917, all Puerto Ricans have been considered U.S. citizens, but they are not represented in congress and cannot cast ballots in presidential elections.

disenfranchised

When students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes

tracking

Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?

unions

JDate, a dating website for Jewish people, is sometimes used by non-Jews who are very interested in dating Jews. These non-Jews are practicing:

exogamy

According to critics of globalization, what DISADVANTAGES result from increased international trade?

Multinational corporations will increasingly shape the policies of governments.

C. Wright Mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions

the power elite

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

What is a term for someone who labels himself"spiritual but not religious"?

unchurched

To whom has Hochschild's concept of the "supermom" always been applicable?

working-class mothers

What are religions called that worship one divine figure?

monotheistic

which of the following statements is LEAST likely to come from a perpetrator

"I really want to change"

How did the Industrial Revolution change the common meaning of family?

It shifted the meaning from extended family to nuclear family.

The former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O'Connor voted to allow a Christmas display on public property that included a nativity scene

America is both a secular and nonsecular society at the same time.

In Great Britain, the government owns the British Broadcasting Corporation, or BBC,

At least partially socialist.

Which of the following is among the benefits of telecommuting?

Businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days.

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.

Why is it NOT surprising that Evangelical Protestantism is the most common religious affiliation in the United States?

Evangelicals emphasize the importance of gaining new converts.

According to Mark Juergensmeyer's book, Terror in the mind of God,

Extremist religious beliefs can grant a sense of control to people who otherwise feel powerless.

Which of the following was true of parenting in the ninteenth century

Fathers were more likely to have the final say

For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election

For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.

How are strictly controlled workers within bureaucracies different from robots?

Human workers can resist and undermine the bureaucratic restraints that limit their autonomy.

How are workers' situations different in socialist, as opposed to capitalist, economies?

In a socialist economy, workers do not enjoy the same consumption patterns.

How did the Industrial Revolution create "work" in the modern sense?

In preindustrial economies, most work happened in the home.

What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions?

It instituted limits on secondary strikes and boycotts.

Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?

Teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but "teaching to the test."

Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types

They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living

Why are political action committees much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past?

Unlike candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give them.

Although most young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, considerably more men move back in with their parents than women.

Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do

Why did so many people feel DISSATISFIED working on assembly lines?

Workers never had the satisfaction of seeing the finished product.

Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as:

a person's inner religious life

Someone whose work involves giving acupuncture to dogs in order to relieve the dogs' stress is:

a service worker.

Although it may not seem like much, when an officer worker brings in a plant to brighten up his cubicle, it is a:

act of individual resistance.

How would a sociologist define "family"?

almost any social group so long as members share responsibilities for raising children

What kind of task is calling a family member to wish him a happy birthday?

an expressive task

Manuel Noriega was never elected president of Panama but became its de facto ruler when he became head of the army and thus powerful

authoritarian

In his book, Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol, a former teacher, conducted an ethnography of public schools

by using local property taxes to fund public schools, trapping poor children in poor schools

Public schools that are run by private entities are called:

charter schools

Unmarried adults who are romantically involved and live together under the same roof are participating in:

cohabitation

What are networks of corporations, manufacturers, distributors, and consumer outlets that create products called?

commodity chains

According to the text, what is the most extreme form of socialism called?

communism

Donald Roy's classic study of the workplace called "Banana time" showed that:

communities of coping emerge with co-workers during coffee breaks.

"Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.

dysfunction; promotes sexism

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?

endogamy

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:

exogamy

Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of:

extended families.

which of the following is a strategy that women have used to balance

hiring other women

Today when the average American thinks of his or her family, who is he or she most likely to have in mind?

his or her brother

How does the textbook define the "hidden curriculum"?

lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized

Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny.

neglect

which of the following strategies does Arlie Hochschild claim some women use to balance working a paid job

no longer caring that there are dirty clothes all over the floor

A heterosexual couple living in the same household and raising children is defined as a

nuclear

As an agent of socialization, who does the family influence?

only children

According to Karl Marx, where does surplus value come from?

paying workers less than the value of what they create

who is more likely to define unrelated roommates as family?

senior citizens

In August 2009, House republican leader John Boehner asked rank-and-file Republicans to use social media like twitter to get out their message

soundbites

In schooling in capitalist America, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis argued that schools train a labor force in the skills and attitudes

taking orders and performing repetitive tasks

The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence:

that the United States is not a totally secular society.

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

the Industrial Revolution

These days, many customer service representatives we talk to over the phone are based in India.

the death of distance

What economic change has made it more difficult for workers to strike effectively?

the ease with which manufacturing firms can move operations to another country

What is religiosity?

the extent of a person's commitment to a religion

What changes in the economy would be associated with travel agents hiring inmates in minimum-security prisons to take calls and schedule vacations for customers?

the growth of information technology

What technological development is most associated with the Information Revolution?

the microchip

The economy is not only about money but also about:

the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Which area of the economy has seen increases in union membership since the early 1970s?

the public sector

Thanksgiving is one of the busiest days of the year for many soup kitchens and other groups that provide food to the homeless and the poor.

third sector