IS 310 Exam 1

The word size of recent processor generations such as the Intel Core2 and IBM POWER 8 is ____________________ bits.

64

The membership of the _________ consists mainly of IS managers and application developers.

Association for Information Technology Professionals

The membership of the _____ consists mainly of IS managers and application developers.

Association of Information Technology Professionals

A ______ instruction causes the processor to depart from sequential instruction order

BRANCH/JUMP

__________ is a generic term for describing secondary storage data transfer units.

Block

_____ is a philosophy of processor design that deliberately includes complex instructions

CISC

___________ typically make use of both multi computer configuration and virtualization

Clouds

A perfect conductor can be described as one having maximum resistance.

False

According to Moore's law, the doubling of transistor density is achieved with a 50% increase in unit cost

False

Arithmetic SHIFT instructions are more complex when applied to twos complement values because the rightmost bit is a sign bit.

False

By far, the most important of activity to keep your knowledge current is taking training courses from hardware and software vendors

False

Communication channel capacity is generally a restriction on a single disk drive's data transfer rate

False

Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters directly.

False

Cost per unit decreases as an access method moves from serial to random to parallel.

False

Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers

False

In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that an error has been detected

False

In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa

False

Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961

False

Low voltage circuits are less susceptible to damage from voltage surges and static electricity.

False

Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex calculations

False

Mechanical computers such as the Mark One were used during World War 1 to compute trajectory tables for naval guns and torpedoes

False

Practical optical processors will probably appear first as full-fledged computer processors.

False

Rewritable DVDs use a single standard adopted by the entire industry

False

Secondary storage is generally expensive compared with primary storage

False

The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software.

False

The deployment discipline is the set of activities for building, acquiring, and integrating application software components

False

The knowledge required to perform business and requirements modeling covers a narrow range of current technology

False

To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats.

False

Unbiased information exists on the Web, and it's generally easy to find.

False

Wait states increase CPU and computer system performance.

False

____________ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work

Grids

When manipulating single-precision floating-point numbers, CPU performance is measured in

MFLOPS

___________ stores bit values by using two magnetic elements, one with fixed polarity and the other with polarity that changes when a bit is written.

MRAM

_____ web sites have detailed information on their products and offer technical and customer support services

Manufacturer

__________ is based on the observation that the rate of increase in transistor density on microchips had increased steadily, roughly doubling every 18 to 24 months

Moore's Law

________ describes any CPU architecture in which duplicate CPUs or processor stages can execute in parallel

Multiprocessing

____ signals can carry more data than electrical signals.

Optical

In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____.

RAM

The term _____________ describes primary storage devices that are implemented as microchips, can read and write with equal speed, and can randomly access bytes, words, or larger data units

RAM

______ in the CPU are storage locations for instructions and data

Registers

__________ is the time required to read the second of two adjacent sectors on the same track and platter

Sequential access time

__________________ are made of semiconductor material that has been treated, or doped, with chemical impurities to enhance the semiconducting effects

Transistors

A URL identifies one specific WWW resource.

True

A typical computer system must have much more secondary storage capacity than primary storage capacity

True

Capacitors can charge and discharge much faster than batteries

True

Consolidation in periodical publishers has created large corporate families of technology-related Web sites and publications

True

Data inputs are accessed from storage or extracted directly from the operands and stored in one or more registers.

True

Early Xeon processors filled an important niche in the small server market but weren't powerful enough to perform processing duties in many large-scale servers.

True

Large computer systems and the software that runs on them use more complex technology than smaller ones do

True

One action that occurs during the fetch cycle is incrementing a pointer to the location of the next instruction

True

Pipelining is a method of organizing CPU circuitry so that multiple instructions can be in different stages of execution at the same time

True

Primary storage extends the limited capacity of CPU registers

True

The 80836 provided hardware support for running multiple programs simultaneously, simplified partitioning primary storage among programs, and provided mechanisms for preventing programs from interfering with one another.

True

The CPU moves data and instructions continually between registers and primary storage

True

The evolution of Microsoft OSs is a good example of how software development depends on hardware technology

True

The membership of the ACM represents a broad cross-section of the computer community, including hardware and software manufacturers, educators, researchers, IT professionals, and students.

True

The physical structure of a storage device's read/write mechanism and storage medium determines the ways in which data can be accessed

True

The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization

True

The write operation for recordable discs is destructive, so recordable disc formats can be written only one time

True

To increase capacity per platter disk manufacturers divide tracks into two or more zones and vary the sectors per track in each zone

True

To make an informed choice when purchasing a computer, you must know your preferences and requirements, such as the application software you plan to use and whether you plan to discard or upgrade the computer in a year or two.

True

Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make extensive use of pointers and addresses.

True

With bit strings, NOT treats each bit in the bit string as a separate Boolean value.

True

_____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits allocated to store it.

Underflow

__________ web sites are oriented toward sales, but they usually contain detailed information on specific products or links to other Web sites.

Vendor

__________ offers flexibility in server configuration and deployment, including the ability to "resize" virtual machines easily to match changing requirements.

Virtualization

Storage device speed is called

access time

A _____ is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values.

algorithm

_________ is the sum of average access delay and the time required to read a single sector

average access time

A ____________ is a measure of CPU or computer system performance when carrying out one or more specific tasks

benchmark

In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a

bit

In the UP, the business and its environment are defined and modeled within the ___________ discipline

business modeling

A ______ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a single application

cluster

A simple definition of a computer is a device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and

communicate results

A __________ provides the interface between the storage device and system bus

device controller

Current optical storage devices use a(n) ____________________ storage medium.

disc

In the UP, related activities are grouped into UP ______________

disciplines

In a __________ device, the movement of electrons performs essentially the same functions as gears and wheels in mechanical computers

electronic computing

A moving photon's _____________ can be harnessed to perform computational work

energy

During the ____ cycle of the CPU, the transformation takes place and data output is stored.

execution

A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____.

file

A __________ is a group of dissimilar computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.

grid

A _________ is an object specifically designed to absorb heat and rapidly dissipate it via air or water movement

heat sink

A __________ is an array of pointers to records

index

Several transistors and their interconnections on a single chip form a(n) ____.

integrated circuit

The right most digit in a bit string is the

least significant digit

A _______ operation is a data transfer from main memory into a register

load

The _________ can extract a single bit from a bit string

logic SHIFT

Although not a formal UP discipline, systems evaluation and ____ is an important group of activities that accounts for much of the long-range system cost.

maintenance

Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ________________

mathematical rules

The programs in a class are called

methods

A ________________ is a microchip containing all the circuits and connections that implement a CPU

microprocessor

Access times for secondary storage devices are typically expressed in __________ or microseconds

milliseconds

Memory devices comprised of semiconductors and other forms of RAM with long-term or permanent data retention are generically known as

nonvolatile memory

The first group of bits in an instruction represents its unique binary number, commonly called the _____________

op code

A __________ is a collection of utility programs that supports users and application programs, allocates resources, and controls access to hardware

operating system

For computer components such as processors, ____________________ are expected to gradually supplant electronics during the 21st Century.

optics

In a CD, concave dents in the reflective layer that are used to represent bit values are called

pits

An unsigned integer's value is always assumed to be _________

positive

Storage devices that hold currently executing programs are called

primary storage

A __________ is a stored set of instructions for performing a specific task

program

A ___________ is a program that translates instructions in a programming language into CPU instructions

program translator

Typically, the first iteration or two of the UP produces documentation and a ________ system

prototype

One way of dealing with the tradeoff between range and precision is to abandon the concept of a fixed __________ point

radix

The stored charge held within a bit of magnetic storage must be above the ____________________ for a read operation to be successful.

read threshold

Each refresh operation in DRAM is called a(n) _________________

refresh cycle

The loss of electrical power that occurs as electrons pass through a conductor is called

resistance

Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently running programs are called _______________

secondary storage

The term ____ can describe computers as small as midrange computers and as large as supercomputers.

server

To represent a specific integer value in excess notation, you must know how many ________________ are to be used

storage bits

The ______ software layer has utility programs used by system management and application programs to perform common functions

system services

A ______________ is one concentric circle of a platter, or the surface area that passes under a read/write head when its position is fixed

track

A _________ is an electrical switch with three electrical connections

transistor

Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers.

unsigned integer

A storage device or medium is __________________ if it can't hold data reliably for long periods

volatile