isds 2000 ch 4

When rolling a pair of dice and summing the two values rolled, which of the following are exhaustive events?

-An even number and an odd number. -A sum of 6 or more and a sum of 8 or less. -A sum of 7 or more and a sum of 6 or less.

the ___ rule allows us to find the probability of the union of two events

addition

the complement of event A within the sample space S contains

all outcomes in S that are not in A

if an experiment is selecting a card from a deck of cards, then the sample spaces is

all the cards in the deck

the relative frequency of an event is used to calculate what type of probability?

an empirical probability

sample space

an experiment contains all possible outcomes of the experiment

classical probabilities

are based on the assumption that all outcomes of an experiment are equally likely

best way to represent an empirical probability?

based on past data, a manager believes there is a 70% chance of retaining an employee for at least one year

this probability is bade on logical analysis rather than on observation or personal judgment

classical

For any given event, the probability of that event and the probability of the ___ of the event must sum to one.

complement

for any given event, the probability of that event and the probability of the ___ of the event must sum to one

complement

mutually exclusive and exhaustive events

contain all outcomes in an experiment and do not share common outcomes

with probability, a value of one indicates a ___ event

definite

a subset of the sample space is called a/an

event

Using the multiplication rule, the probability that event A and event B both occur is computed by multiplying the conditional probability of event A given event B by the probability of..

event B

events that cannot both occur on the same trial of an experiment are mutually ___ events

exclusive

A trial, or process, that produces several possible outcomes is referred to as a(n) ______.

experiment

with probability, a value of zero indicates an ___ event

impossible

The probability that State College wins a football game is 0.60. The probability that University of State wins a football game is 0.65. Given that State College wins its football game, the probability that University of State wins its game is 0.65. The teams are not playing each other this week. The events that State College wins this week and University of State wins this week are

independent

conditional probability

is the probability of an event given that another event has already occurred

events that are mutually exclusive

-Receiving an 'A' and receiving a 'B+' as a final grade in an Accounting class. -Being on time and being late for an appointment.

the sum of the probabilities of any list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events equals

1

The conditional probability of A given B is calculated by dividing the probability of intersection of A and B by the probability of

B

The complement rule with respect to event A is...

P(AC) = 1 - P(A)

it is common to refer to P(A ∩ B) as the ___ probability of events A and B

joint

events are ___ ___ if they do not share any common outcome of an experiment

mutually exclusive

How many outcomes of an experiment constitute a simple event?

one

the sum of the probabilities of a list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is

one

classical

probabilities are often used in games of chance

A(n) ______ of an experiment contains all possible outcomes of the experiment.

sample space

an event is called a simple event if it contains a ___ outcome

single

this probability is calculated by drawing on personal and subjective judgment

subjective

A probability based on personal judgment rather than on observation or logical analysis is best referred to as a(n)

subjective probability

A softball coach believes that Laurie has a 0.5 probability of getting a hit against a particular pitcher that Laurie has never batted against before. This type of probability is BEST characterized as a(n):

subjective probability

In order to convert a contingency table into a joint probability table, the frequency of each cell is divided by the

total number of outcomes in the sample space.

contingency tables are useful to analyze

two categorical variables

the ___ of two events is the event consisting of all outcomes in A or B

union

to calculate the probability of the union of two mutually exclusive events A and B

we add the probability of A to the probability of B

for mutually exclusive events A and B, the joint probability is

zero