ISM3004 Exam 3

file (URL)

**CASE SENSITIVE** - specific piece of content (.html, static file, application) -- suggestion to do it in all lowercase since that's what people are used to

FTTH (fiber to the home)

- 100% fiber optic - cable not installed to homes, expensive to install infrastructure, - Verizon: $23 BILLION - allows them to enter a new market -- TV

What are the different versions of 802.11 (WLAN) and what are the radio spectrums used?

- 802.11g-- 54mbps, 2.4 GHz - 802.11n-- 150mbps, 2.4 AND 5GHz - 802.11ac-- 433mbps--6.77gbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

- A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet so that you can identify one another and communicate reliably. This tells you WHO and WHERE you are. - Ex: 128.227.36.209 - First 3 sections of dotted numbers give you the network ID and the last section identifies the specific computer/device on the LAN - IP addresses changes as you move place to place

Passive approach to self-branding

- Clean house - get rid of potentially damaging online content - Make sure that your online content is honest in the way it portrays you - Questions to ask yourself about social media presence: how would i describe myself based on what i've seen? what would my employer think of me after seeing these things? would my social media hurt my career opps?

Data silos

- Data silos are data collections completely separated without any possibility of communication or sharing between the silos - obsolete legacy systems - Problem: incompatible systems (ex: two companies merge, but they can't merge due to incompatible systems), leads to missed opportunities to discover correlations/patterns/trends/develop new insights

How does FB's social media algorithm determine whether your post is seen by your audience?

- FB orders content for people when they open their newsfeed and connects ppl with stuff they want to see - Relevancy scores--> 4 factors: 1. who posted it? (friend, mom, brand) 2. When was it posted? (sometimes more recent stuff is shown first) 3. Interactions-- posts with more interactions are usually placed near the top of your feed since FB assumes it's a popular post 4. type of post-- based on what you like, comment, share

Data Mining

- Let us go and explore the data using analytical and math techniques - Digs into the data to see if we can find any patterns that would be useful to help us make predictions about future events - Helps make decisions to make us better than competition, make more money than they do

What is PoE?

- Power Over Ethernet - There are four pairs of wires that are twisted together. 2 of them are used for data. The other two are used to run electricity through them so that the access point can be in place, have electricity, and gives data back and forth. The ones used for electricity allow for the use of security cameras, phones, or anything that doesn't require a lot of electricity which will save you money.

Examples of Big data from lecture

- Predictive policing in LA * historical crime data + earthquake prediction models * predicted 2x more crimes * burglaries went down 33% * violent crimes down 21% - Tesco Grocery * optimized fridge costs with in store fridges providing 70M data points per store per year * energy costs down 20M Euros per year * proactive maintenance reduced maintenance costs by IDing problems before they happen - Action speak louder than words (Veteran Therapy) * military suicide prevention in the US * uses pattern recognition to identify signs and types of psychological distress thru video measurements of facial expression/gestures/vocal inflection * virtual therapists can probe patients interactively and consistently

What was REI's campaign

- REI doesn't participate in black friday - REI shut down stores and encouraged people go OptOutside - they paid their employees to not work on black friday - this is using relevance, authenticity, and impressive.

What is the problem with Rogue APs?

- There is no security for the rogue AP. No one is really managing it either. A hacker can be in the parking lot and see the rogue access point and hook up to it without a password and hack into the network and do whatever they want.

Telepresence Robots

- VTC on the go, you can show up on a robot that travels around with a screen of you on the robot. - remote control via web interface - still on the downslope to the trough of disillusionment

Dashboards

- a graphic view of what's happening in the software (like a car dashboard) - some customization allowed-- can hide certain components or gather more info by clicking on a graphic to show a more detailed report

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

- a system that tracks every sales call, every inquiry from a customer, and every follow up call to maintain a relationship with the customer

MEO (Middle Earth Orbit)

- about 5k miles, multiple satellites, - O3B or Other 3 billion in the world without good quality internet service. They hope to use MEO satellites to help those w/out broadband

What questions can be answered with audience research and what tools can you use to research/monitor your audience?

- answers: what is your audience interested in? what types of content are similar audiences interested in? - tools: monitor certain hashtags on social media, add followers to certain lists so you can segment your audience (ex: by age group), follow your audiences' influencers (like DJ KHALED LOLLL), see what's trending on social media like fb, IG, twitter

Point of Sale

- anything sold through the register, the scan through the barcode is a transaction. you can figure out what is hot, what's selling, when to stock up on certain items

How to set up Ethernet LAN

- buy a switch, use cat5 or cat 6 cable, and hook each device with their own cable into the switch. - With other computers in another building, buy a new switch and connect the new computers to the new switch. Connecting the switches together with a cable to create a singular LAN. Any one of the 4 nodes can send data packets to any other node on the LAN

cable broadband

- coaxial cable-- used for cable TV it is widely installed, metal shield-- less interference, higher speeds, longer distances. - bandwidth usually shared with neighbors - speeds are asynchronous-- 150 mbps or more, and GROWING

What activities make up the execution component of a social media manager's work?

- communications campaigns-- covers email, print, website and social media components (ex: warrington stories) - social media campaigns-- social media only, ex: snapchat story campaign - the daily grind-- posting about news articles, tweeting, simple tasks - reactive social media-- take a picture of something else going on on campus - event coverage-- cover special events like graduation

How can a company solve the issue of operational data vs customers?

- create separate data repositories, one for operational and one for reporting & analytics - Reporting & Analytics-- combine data from many sources and cleaning it as we bring it in, build up historical data, periodic import from operational systems so the analytical system is up to date enough to come up with inferences we need - the separation preserves performance required in the operational system and provides with a new area that can be modified to meet the specific needs of analysis like a staging area

what are the sources of customer provided data?

- customer surveys--> get customer insight on products they bought/future products/service received - product registration cards--> source of data about customer income, where they live, highest education, hobbies - contests--> CHEAP DATA-- "free ipad air" just fill in your info for the "lottery ticket". thousands of people apply while only one person wins. The company wins through all the new data they gained from all the entries

SSD (solid state drive)

- faster than magnetic hard drives-- uses flash memory - throughput-- bits of data per second coming out of the SSD - lower power consumption-- no motors in them & less heat generated - RAID-- link multiple SSDs together and spread the workload across multiple SSDs. Improved performance and capacity. - prices for SSDs are dropping (rapidly over the years)

Copper Ethernet Cabling

- good for small runs - CAT tells you how the cable has been engineered and how fast it can safely transmit data. CAT 5 is the minimum remotely accessible quality. This is fine for 10 megabits and 100 megabits. CAT6 is the current standard in stores installed today. - Tips for installation--> no amateurs, test results, label well and documentation. Quality parts throughout.

Why is it important that the SMART be a real job assignment? what are the team's goals?

- important bc social media is important to a company - goals: leadership in use of social media, establish consistency in message, mentor so others know how to effectively use social media, develop and communicate policies

DAS (Distributed Antenna System)

- install multiple small antennas per cellular service throughout the building to boost the service through the building - solves the issue of having no cellphone service in a building

SCM (Supply Chain Management)

- keeps track of each order for finished goods, each order for raw materials and so forth are a transaction and creates data from the transactions. The data becomes more valuable to business with the more data received.

Active approach to self-branding

- make sure nothing is on your profile that may hurt your career opportunities AND make sure your social media presence HELPS you and your career opportunities

What are the two components of "response" from SMART?

- monitor-- google alerts, tweet deck, hootsuite - engagement-- monitor system features with an informative dashboard, analysis (influence measurement, trends, sentiment, geographic display like a heat map), fast efficient engagement (use the same channel and respond quickly)

Fiber Optic Ethernet Cabling

- offers longer runs--multimode fiber goes up to 550 km; single mode fiber goes up to 5-40km. - network infrastructure is bigger to connect buildings together or within a big building or higher speed than what copper can support. - fiber optics made out of glass, doesn't conduct electricity. Avoids electrical interference and florida (lightning) summers. - high speed

key field (primary key)

- one of the columns/fields in the table is marked with a key so that the data items in that field are unique for that row. They never repeat. (ex: UF id numbers)

What is Hadoop?

- open source system designed to be able to consume ANY data you want (structured, unstructured, all data types). This is a DISTRIBUTING COMPUTING PLATFORM which means it scales to the needs of the project. Advantages: scalable, cost effective, flexible, fault-tolerant

What guidance did Prof Olson offer about wifi range?

- range-- MAYBE 100 feet indoors - you may need multiple radio stations so that wherever you go in the wireless network, the range between your device and the nearest radio station is short so you have strong signal and high speed

DeDupe

- removing duplicate data - there's a lot of duplication in unstructured data, so when there's a dupe detected, rather than storing it in multiple places taking up space, the system leaves an empty space just telling you where you can locate the data you're looking for (takes up minimal space to have a placeholder telling you where the data is)

Canned reports

- reports of data that answer a set of questions derived from the company that created the tool - Pros: answer specific questions to answer useful questions and it is easy for users to use (just click a button and the report is run) - Cons: inflexible, can't ask custom questions, IT overhead (every time a user needs a new report, needs tweaking of existing report, IT has to go in and deal with them)

GEO (Geosynchronous Orbit)

- satellite stays overhead all customers always - 22k miles above us - everyone within the cone is always serviced - latency gets slow over time

benchmarking (social media)

- see how you're doing compared to peers - compare your org against an org in the same industry - you're comparing how big of a following you have and how your weekly engagement compares

Why is it important for an org to have a social media policy?

- sets the stage and defines the areas users can play in - protects the org in case of legal trouble - should be reviewed by HR and Lawyer

Cybersquatting

- signing up a domain that someone else wants to use for business and holds/sits on it so that you come to them and pay them a lot of money to have the domain name. - this is illegal if you knowingly do this to extort money by registering someone else's company name/trademark.(ex: register coke.com before coke could do it)

How can social media advertising help an org reach its goals?

- social media goals-- gain engagement and help do well with visibility - business goals-- click to website (count clicks)

Router

- specialized network device (computer) with multiple network ports which goes to different LANs/networks - the software on the router maintains information (like which ports lead to which networks) and links/isolates things from one another. Also provides security features like firewalls, VPN, access control, etc.

Video Teleconference (VTC)

- supports voice and video communication and sometimes screen sharing - advantages: reduced travel costs, reduced enviro impact, increased productivity - requires a screen, camera (PTZ pan tilt zoom camera to see who's talking), microphones, CODEC (Code Decoder) typically an appliance

VoIP-- Voice Over Internet Protocol

- supports voice technology - benefits: saves money over traditional phone use. You use a single cable for data, voice, and video. simpler moves/adds/changes than POTS. can use a laptop/desktop as a telephone so you don't need to buy a device to sit on your desk and take up space.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

- system that allows a business to look into paychecks, invoices, payments. All of these become business transactions, become data to bring into a collection of data to seek info and insights

Bandwidth

- the capacity of transmission media in a fixed time - in bits per second (BPS) - Kilobits/sec= thousands---1024bps=1kbps - Megabits/sec= millions---1024kbps=1mbps - Gigabits/sec= billions---1024mbps=1gbps

What is info overload? what is its impact?

- the idea that vast flood of information is disruptive, like drinking water from a fire hydrant - impact-- people can't do their jobs with so much data

Why should companies listen to the buzz on public social networks like FB and twitter?

- they ca have a big impact, good way to get publicity (newark airport steak), can detect problems before they blow up, and great way to listen to their customers

What does an ethernet switch do?

- used to connect nodes together, legacy = "hub", offers speed capacity, has a certain number of ports to support a certain amount of devices, has management capabilities, and has Power over Ethernet

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

- uses existing phone wires into premises - good= cabling is already there - bad= cabling is low quality, not shielded, and subject to interference - limited distance from DSL provider's equip to customer means problem for rural customers. European and Asian city dwellers enjoy excellent DSL.

Web Conferencing

- video, voice, data screen sharing, text chat, polling, whiteboard (etc) - The best feature of this or STAR is: Data screen sharing - client software- runs on standard PCs or tablets - server software: * cloud based like webex, zoom, gotomeeting * on premise like adobe connect, microsoft skype for business

What 2 questions should an org ask when selecting social media platforms?

- what is your goal? - what tool will help you accomplish that goal?

What is info abundance? What are the implications for knowledge workers?

- with all the new data flowing in, we can turn the data into information and add a dose of managerial knowledge to make great business decisions and gain managerial knowledge. - you take advantage of the presence of all the new data to learn how to make meaningful info from it - geek up

Peer Research (social media)

- you can learn what your competitors are talking about and benchmark your performance

unstructured data

-not organized, no schema ex: text, email, facebook pages, news stories

What risks are posed by unaware users? How can SMART fix that?

-risks: could create false online identities, untrained, bad habits - SMART fixes it by training ppl and mentoring ppl to use social media effectively and safely for the company

Top CIOs say that data growth is the #1 challenge today. What two problems arise from that challenge?

1. How to handle explosive growth of data with limited/constrained budgets 2. How are you going to exploit the data? how to Process & present in ways managers can ask questions and make decisions?

What are two things to worry about with Data mining?

1. Make sure your data is CLEAN-- need consistent data, otherwise you get false results and a bogus model 2. Make sure the data is REPRESENTATIVE-- if past data is not representative of current and future events, you end up with bogus models. If the data predicts the past perfectly, but fails at predicting the future-- that leads to bad decisions with bad predictive models.

What is the single biggest cause of data loss? How do you protect against it?

1. USER ERROR. Fix: BACKUP EVERYTHING. Backup data files and image backup-- image is a snapshot of the entire contents of the hard drive (settings and apps) so that if the server crashes/hacker gets in/etc. you can restore the server image to a previous point in time to minimize the impact of the negative event.

How can a company protect itself against LAN hardware failure?

1. Use multiple NICS (Network Interface Card-- circuits that are built into the device that lets the device talk to the network) - failover-- if the primary fails, the failover steps in and takes over in milliseconds, and users/customers will never know. It will notify so it can be fixed soon after. - load balancing-- same two network cards, but both are busy all the time which doubles network capability to help customers. If one fails, the customers on that failed card, they get rerouted to the one that works. 2. Use multiple switches - multiple systems to be redundant and share the workload to make sure failure doesn't take the server down

What 3 questions do you consider when creating your active self-branding campaign?

1. Who? who is your audience (employers) 2. Why? why should we hire/trust you? what makes you stand out? 3. What? what do you want them to see? you want them to see your accomplishments and skills and make sure they can see your face in your profile picture

open protocol

1980s-- rules for communication are published for everyone to see so that multiple companies can create products (hardware and software) that interact perfectly with one another (no secrets)

RAID 1

2 hard drives in the computer system, any time you write data, the RAID system writes it to both hard drives, mirror images of each other. Same stuff on each other. 2x the money on hard drives, but when one fails, the other is STILL running.

Roughly _____ % of US FB users are aged 45+

30%

How many hrs does the average 21 yr old spent on mobile phone?

5000 hrs

____% of the time that americans spend on their smartphones is spent using apps, but the majority of that time (85%) is spent on just ______ non-native apps installed from an app store.

90% of time spent using apps; 5 non-native apps

field

A column in a database table.

relational database

A database that correlates data from multiple tables

WAN (wide area network)

A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs. works with remote offices, but it's expensive. It DOES NOT work for mobile users.

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. "rules of the road", requirements that make sure a given system functions reliably.

Why is it difficult for companies to listen to public social networks?

Bc there are SO many diff convos happening on social networks (millions of pieces of content are shared every minute)

What are the 3 tips for maximizing the chance for your audience to engage with your content?

Be authentic, relevant, impressive

Domain Registrar

Company that enables customers to register domain names (first come, first served) and pay an annual fee to reserve the name

DNS

Domain Name System - global distributed system of servers/softwares/protocols that enable us to convert the billions of diff hostnames into the appropriate IP address numbers, so the computers can get the work done using the IP addresses, but users can remember the names - it's scalable, DNS resolver sends out a request to the DNS server to give name and gets number - Downside: change address of a server means there's a delay to become in effect

top-level domain (URL)

Domains (including .net, .org, .com, .edu) tells you the org's domain name

What does Laura mean by "it's never about the (social media) tools"?

It's not about what the tools are, it is about what the tools can do for you and how you can use them.

Packets

Large files sent to a destination, packaged in smaller chunks of information, that contain digital instructions that allow them to reassemble properly once the information reaches the destination

LAN

Local Area Network-- (limited geographic area, campus or building) 2 types; ethernet (wired networks) and 802.11 (wireless LAN aka WLAN)

OLAP (online analytical processing)

Manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making Pros: huge data, but OLAP preprocesses and summarizes data and reports it much more quickly Cons: no access to detail, the user only sees summaries and never gets to detailed data.

What are the components of Hadoop?

MapReduce: Map- process input data in parallel (go thru chunks of data) Reduce- combine data from Map to create final results you're interested in seeing HDFS: - blocks (manageable sized) are distributed across servers - replicate data-- failure assumed meaning the system makes 2 extra copies in the event of failure Pig programming language - like java, pig latin is run on pig machines

What common devices can interfere with WiFi networks? Which radio spectrum is affected?

Microwaves and cordless phone and baby monitor affect the 2.4GHz radio spectrum.

Should you abandon "Old Guard" tools in favor of newer platforms?

NO. Old guard platforms are those from before 2010 (linkedin, facebook, youtube, twitter, tumblr). If you still are engaging with audiences on these platforms, you should continue using them.

cellular wireless networks

Networks that enable cell phones, smartphones, and other mobile devices to connect to the Internet. Don't need to wire individual premises, getting faster, demand growing more rapidly

What are the two relationship types in a relational database?

One:One--> there is exactly one occurrence in the key field and table B has only 1 occurrence as well One:Many--> one occurrence in key field but many occurrences in other tables (ex: you are one UF student with a unique ID number, but can show up on other lists for other classes)

Structured Data

Organized data that conforms to a model so that it can be searched, analyzed, and queried using traditional analysis tools

what does RAID stand for?

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks-- tons of hard drives and tech that protects against data loss

What are the 3 R's of social media policy?

Representation-- employees must understand whether or not they're allowed to speak for an entire firm Responsibility-- if employees represent a company online, they must take responsibility for their online actions Respect-- respect one another and customers

What activities make up the development component of a social media manager's work?

Research-- figure out what people are talking about/what people are seeing and how you can use that to inform the decisions you make later (daily research, peer research, industry research) Strategy-- - big picture-- overall social media strategy for the whole year - campaign-- smaller scale, a big project, how can social media best fit into the project? - plans -- smaller scale (ex: how do i want to communicate with other leaders at the college?) Management-- talking with people, how to support one another/how social media can fit into something from a meeting

Does strategy or goal come first?

Set your goal first, then find a strategy to complete the goal

Define SMART acronym

Social Media Awareness and Response Team

Telepresence Rooms

Specially designed conference rooms typically equipped with three huge curved screens, custom lighting, and advanced acoustics in which to conduct high-end teleconferences - feels like you're physically with the ppl on the call, enhances nonverbal communication

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply-- Box with batteries and electronics in it, batteries are constantly charged by electricity in the wall. If there is a problem with power coming into the UPS, those are filtered out and clean power (to avoid brownouts) gets sent to the server. If the power disappears, the batteries provide the power needed to keep it running ▪ Runtime-- amount of time in minutes the UPS can stay up and running without power coming into it. Varies based on the capacity and number of batters in the UPS and the amount of load putting on the battery. ▪ close to the end of the battery, warns the user that the power is about to run out to give the user time to shut down and save stuff before it goes down.

What are the 3 V's of Big Data?

Volume-- data must be "too big" to be analyzed/managed by traditional tools Velocity-- rapid arrival & feedback loop (data is too fast, arrives too rapidly. can't react fast enough and how rapidly you get it into your system to process it and make decisions from it) Variety-- text, images, sound, video, human input, sensors, servers, so many types of data.

What should an organization consider when deciding which social media platform to use for advertising?

What are you advertising and who are you advertising to? ex: Pinterest is good for DIY projects and home depot ads, IG is a good platform to show off food (a restaurant can show off their creations)

Data aggregator

a company who their sole job is to collect data from a wide variety of sources, organize it, clean it, connect it to each other and sell access to it to other people. Not gathering data for internal use, they are selling a product. Acxiom, earns more than $1B a year selling the data that it has aggregated on more than 200 million Americans.

server

a computer whose job is to provide services (ex: show me a webpage) to other nodes on the network or share its resources (ex: file server to share space/access to files/printers/etc.) with other nodes on the network.

Site survey

a qualified engineer does a site survey and sets up wireless devices in temp locations and they'll take a sensor to walk around and see where signals are weak and strong and they'll tweak the locations until there's good, solid coverage everywhere.

record

a row in a database table

What is an access point?

a wireless device that has a radio inside (multiple radio antenna) and in the back you plug in a network cable. It's a radio that hooks up to your wired network. Anyone outside can connect with their device (iphone) to connect wireless to the access point, sends data to the switch, switch sends data to the router, router sends data to the internet and to wherever you want to browse-- and sends back to your phone whatever you searched for.

Latency

amount of time you have to wait for the data to spin to a place you can read it.

Table

an organized collection of data made up of records and fields

Business intelligence

an umbrella term that includes the applications, infrastructure and tools, and best practices that enable access to and analysis of information to improve and optimize decisions and performance.

How does analysis of operational data compete with customers?

analysis of operational data looking for trends or patterns, it uses a significant amount of additional load on the system. The extra load can slow the system down and if it's done during business hours, the data analysis is directly competing with the customers. Could cause delays and lost sales. It would be best to not query operational data

Transaction

any business exchange that are STANDARDIZED and OCCURS REPEATEDLY

Node

any device attached to a network, workstation, iphone, or refrigerator

What are the different last mile technologies?

bandwidth, home user bandwidth, broadband, cable broadband, Fiber To The Home (FTTH), cellular wireless

Views (relational database)

can see the data from multiple tables, joined together as if it were a single table. the end user doesn't know the data is broken apart. Makes life easier for designers.

data warehouse

collection of databases that supports decision making (more about decision support not operations. made to empower managers) - many sources from operational systems w/ periodic transfer and historical data - fast queries

Network

collection of devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media

Websites (TPS)

collects data about where people come from, what products you're looking at, etc.

Information

data converted into a meaningful and useful context so it can answer a question or support decision making

What is the problem with using the public Internet to connect remote offices and mobile users to an organization's private resources?

data is now going across the internet and the data and servers/workstations are exposed to the internet. Certain pieces of software are licensed/designed to work within a LAN, so you might lose functionality with the internet to connect remote offices

How is a Data Mart different from a Data Warehouse?

data mart does the same as a data warehouse, but at a different scale. with a data mart, you look at a specific problem or specific unit, not the entire enterprise.

Operational Data

data that is continually generated in the day-to-day business operations of a business. When an order is entered, operational data is created and is used immediately by systems that pick inventory from the warehouse, print labels, and arrange for shipping.

Server

device attached to the network whose primary purpose is to provide a service to other devices on the network (ex: video server to watch lectures are computers/devices to provide a service to users)

How does inconsistent data formats impact a business?

different formats make it hard to sort data. it doesn't matter how good an analyst someone is, the best of math won't help if the values going into the formulas aren't good. Ex: m vs M vs Male vs MALE

broadband

digital connections, minimum 768kbps, US is the 26th in download speeds globally

What is the rate of data growth?

doubling every 6 months

application transfer protocol (URL)

first part of the URL which tells the server what they want to do. can use: - https (secure webpage) - http (old website, not secure) - RTP (real time streaming) - FTP (file transfer protocol)

How to fix the backhoe problem

fix this by having multiple/diff paths out of the building thru diff ways so that they are totally redundant so that if there are any issues, the data goes to another area and the user is happy and you still make money.

Give examples of business operations

healthcare with patient data michigan tags cows at birth which gives lifetime stream of data for each cow raised in the state transportation industry-- aircrafts have over 100k sensors on them generating data swiss rail-- sensors on train and track

What is the problem with peer-to-peer service model?

if someone goes on vacation, if someone takes their laptop home/deletes files, or anything that one person does, it affects the other peers. - peer to peer is hard to manage due to high scaling and there is reduced security and reliability.

knowledge

insight derived from experience and expertise

Satellite wireless latency

latency-- 1/2 a second round trip, even at the speed of light, it get's slow over time

Automated Data Tiering

matches storage performance to access frequency-- automatically moves data down to cheaper storage if it is historic and migrates it back up to fastest storage if you use it frequently/more recent data Tiers (top to bottom): current working data, recently used data, historical data maximum savings with bottom tier and maximum efficiency with top tier.

loyalty card/program

membership programs/frequent buyer stuff, the company pays you through bonuses for data about you that you otherwise wouldn't give them. Now the company knows what was sold and who bought what.

Do americans access the internet more using a mobile device or traditional computer?

mobile device

Workstation

network computers/clients like laptops, desktops, smartphones-- client PCs humans use to interact w the network and its resources

proprietary protocol

only the company who invented it could use the protocol

Data

raw facts and figures-- doesn't tell you anything

Searches (TPS)

searches generate transactions and can track what you're looking for along with your geographical location to put together a bigger picture of what's going on and how to help the search engine gain more advertising dollars

Client-Server model

some of the computers are servers and are locked in a room. They ONLY provide services and share resources with the clients. Servers are in control/managed by IT professionals and are cared/protected for. Clients are user devices. high standards

Analytics

statistical and mathematical analysis of data that helps us to predict what is most likely to happen so that we can make the right decision

TPS (Transaction Processing System)

supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data

path (URL)

tells what folder you're accessing in the file system of the domain name

domain name (URL)

tells what organization on the network owns the post

What is "engagement feeds reach"?

the more people that engage with a post, the more people will then see it

host name/web server (URL)

the server containing the content, multiple machines with one host name, one machine with multiple host names - "www. "

schema

the way data is organized

Ad-Hoc Reporting Tools

tools that allow users to create custom reports based on the questions they need answered. Users define their own reports and the tool is powerful and flexible. cons: could be a steep learning curve, demands the user to have business knowledge, must understand the schema

MAC address (Media Access Control)

unique number (48 bit) that uniquely identifies network devices from one another everywhere on the planet. NEVER used more than once. IT'S LIKE A SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER. This is a LAN address. **DOESN'T TELL YOU LOCATION**

RAID 5

use a bunch of hard drives, (ex: 9), RAID system will divide it in "n-1" chunks on n-1 hard drives. On the Nth hard drive, error correction data will be stored which is mathematically computed from the other 8. If any of the 8 fail, the data on the 7 surviving drives plus the error correction data can be used with the same math formula to calculate the data on the dead drive.

WAN

wide area network-- a computer network in which the computers connected may be far apart ex: UF has network preferences all over the state of FL, it's a link of the LANs)

Telecommuting

working from home while staying connected to the office through communications technology What you need: - quality broadband service and VPN - VoIP, VTC, Telepresence, web conferencing, IM, email, remote desktop, remote file access benefits for both employee and employer--> employee: has higher satisfaction since they can work from home and they end up being more engaged and productive employees for the company employer: keeps employees they'd otherwise lose

What technology was described that can protect against total server failure? Two basic versions of this technology were described. How do they work? How are they different?

▪ Clustering-- multiple servers running the same server OS and application, the server app communicate with one another to make sure workload is shared and users aren't left high and dry if one of the servers crashes ● Active-Passive→ two servers-- two separate servers access the same shared storage device. Active server is handling EVERY customer request. If server A crashes, Server B immediately takes over customers needs and customers don't even notice and everything is still running. ● Active-Active→ both servers up and running and helping customers at the same time and all the time. You help more clients and help 2x fast. If one fails, the other server picks up the load from the failed server. Eventually the server that failed is brought back online and they're back in business.

home user bandwidth

▪ analog modems-- standard phone lines (POTS), already installed, but the twisted pair of copper wires were noisy, subject to interference, not shielded. Had low speeds in the early 1980s and late 1990s.