isom chp 8
When does routing take place for operations managers?
After materials have been purchased and their use determined
The acronym for using computers to guide and control the manufacturing process is referred to as ______.
CAM
A comprehensive set of environmental standards that encourages companies to conduct business in a cleaner, safer, and less wasteful way is known as _____.
ISO14000 are the international standards for the environment and ISO9000 assures quality control.
_____ reveals whether a product meets quality standards in an organization.
Inspection
Which of the following is a philosophy of uniform commitment to quality in all areas within an organization?
TQM
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
award given each year to companies 1. leadershiop 2. information and analysis 3. strategic planning 4. human resource development 5. process management
fixed position layout
brings all resources required to create the product to a central location
What is the acronym used for the system of production that uses computers instead of paper to design components, products, and processes?
cad
continuous manufacturing organizations
companies that use continuously running assembly lines, creating products with many similar characteristics
Using computers in place of paper to design components, products, and processes is referred to as ______.
computer-assisted design CAD
The acronym for a complete system that designs products, manages machines and materials, and controls the operations function is ______.
computer-integrated manufacturing
flexible manufacturing
computers can direct machinery to adapt to different versions of similar operations
Companies with a product layout and use assembly lines are usually known as _____ manufacturing organizations.
continuous
three basic layouts
fixed-position process product
Directing machinery by computer to adapt to different versions of similar operations takes place in
flexible manufacturing
Inseperability of production and consumption
going to a chiropractor; air travel; veterinary services
Intangibility
going to a concert or sports event
Outputs
goods, services, ideas
computer assisted manufacturing
guides and controls the manufacturing process
modular design
involves building an item in self-contained units, or modules, that can be combined or interchanged to create different products
iso 14000
is a comprehensive set of environmental standards that encourages a cleaner and safer world
Total Quality Management (TQM)
is a philosophy that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of the organization will promote a culture that meets customers perceptions of quality
Standardization
making identical, interchangeable components or even complete products.
A manufacturing business must take resources and transform them into goods and services. The development and administration of the activities involved in this process is referred to as ______.
operations management
Clayton oversees the transformation process and the planning and designing of operations systems, managing logistics, quality and productivity for his company. Clayton is a(n) ______.
operations manager
intermittent organizations
organizations that deal with products of a lesser magnitude than do project organizations; their products are not necessarily unique but possess a significant number of differences
purchasing
part in procurement involved in the buying of all the materials needed by the organization
determining quality can be difficult because it depends on customer's
perception
Trying to obtain quality items in the right quantities at the lowest possible cost is the aim of ______.
purchasing
Improving __________ means reducing defects before delivery of the product to the customer.
quality
____ reflects the degree to which a good or service meets the demands and requirements of customers.
quality
Supply Chain Management
refers to connecting and integrating all parties or members of the distribution system in order to satisfy customers
capacity
refers to the maximum load that an organizational unit can carry or operate
quality control
refers to the processes an organization uses to maintain its established quality standards
Which of the following are steps used in PERT?
-Identify all the major activities or events required to complete a project -Estimate the time required for each event -Arrange major activities into a sequence or path -Determine the critical path
Services are characterized by which of the following?
-Inseparability -Customization -Perishability -Intangibility
Which three are criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
-Strategic planning -Customer focus and satisfaction -Information and analysis
Which three are examples that would employ a fixed-position layout?
-an office building -A new home build -A bridge construction
Sustainability issues include ______.
-climate change -urban sprawl -pollution of land and air
Which two are reasons why a company would adopt CIM in their organization?
-reduce cost -boost productivity and quality
Which of the following describes a manufacturer?
A firm that makes tangible products
just in time inventory management
Eliminates waste by using smaller quantities arriving "just in time" for use in the transformation process.
Which of the following is least likely a sustainability-related issue for businesses?
Employee benefits
Which of the following is true about control over variability of resources between manufacturers and service organizations?
Manufacturers typically have more control over variability of resources than does a service provider.
Which inventory management technique utilizes a master production schedule, a bill of materials, and an inventory status file?
Material-requirements planning
Planning a project by analyzing tasks involved in completing a project, estimating time needed for each task and estimating the minimum time needed to complete the project are the steps required for ______ charts.
PERT
______ involves coordinating efforts to improve customer satisfaction, increasing employee participation, forming and strengthening supplier partnerships, and facilitating an organizational culture of continuous quality improvement.
TQM
just-in-time
The produce department in a grocery store must have the correct amount of fresh fruits and vegetables on hand to satisfy customer needs without overstocking produce that will become rotten. A grocery store most likely employs a(n) ______ inventory method.
Which of the following statements regarding the transformation process is TRUE?
The transformation process occurs in all organizations regardless of what they produce or their objectives.
High customization
What service characteristic is best exemplified by the fact that a stylist gives a different haircut to each customer?
-identify all the major activities or events required to complete a project -Estimate the time required for each event -Determine the critical path -Arrange major activities into a sequence or path
Which of the following are steps used in PERT?
TQM (Total Quality Management)
______ involves coordinating efforts to improve customer satisfaction, increasing employee participation, forming and strengthening supplier partnerships, and facilitating an organizational culture of continuous quality improvement.
Project Organization
a company using a fixed-position layout because it is typically involved in large, complex projects such as construction or exploration
Outsourcing, once used primarily as a cost-cutting tactic, has increasingly been linked with the development of _____ through improved product quality, speeding up the time it takes products to get to the customer, and overall supply-chain efficiencies.
a competitive advantage
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
a complete system that designs products, manages machines and materials, and controls the operations function
product layout
a layout requiring that production be broken down into relatively simple tasks assigned to workers, who are usually positioned along an assembly line
process layout
a layout that organizes the transformation process into departments that group related processes
Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
a planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed to make the product
Statistical Process Control
a system in which management collects and analyzes information about the production process to pinpoint quality problems in the production system
Scheduling takes place ______.
after a routing sequence has been determined
Scheduling
assigns the tasks to be done to departments or even specific machines, workers, or teams
An assembly line is referred to as a _________ organization.
continuous manufacturing
In PERT analysis, the path that requires the longest time from start to finish is called the ______ path.
critical
The goal of JIT is to ______.
deliver the minimum amount of inventory at the proper time for the transformation process
ISO 9000
designed to ensure the customer's quality standards are met
critical path
determines the minimum amount of time in which th process can be completed
Which of the following is not one of the criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
efficiency
3 basic types of inventory
finished goods work in progress raw materials
Customization
hair cut; legal services; tax consultant
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
identifies all the major activities or events required to complete a project, arranges them in a sequence or path, determines the critical path, and estimates the time required for each event
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
identifies the optimum number of items to order to minimize the costs of managing them
supply chain
integrates firms such as raw material suppliers, manufacturers, retailers to serve customers and generate a competitive advantage.
Doctors, makers of custom jewelry, and commercial printers are all _________organizations; they create products to customers' specifications and produce relatively few units of each product.
intermittent
Firms that use a process layout are sometimes referred to as _____ organizations, which deal with products of a lesser magnitude than do project organizations, and their products are not necessarily unique but possess a significant number of differences.
intermittent
Fabulous Fixtures manufactures custom lighting for its clients. Along with finished pieces, the company's warehouse houses tools, electrical components, glass and metal housings, and a wide array of decorative materials. All of these items are part of Fabulous Fixtures' ______.
inventory
inventory control
is the process of determining how many supplies and goods are needed and keeping track of quantities on hand, where each iem is and who is responsible for it
What inventory method is designed to eliminate inventory waste by using smaller quantities of materials that arrive just prior to needing them for the transformation process?
just in time
Customization
making products to meet a particular customer's needs or wants
The term "_____" implies a firm that makes tangible products.
manufacturer
computer assisted manufacturing (CAM)
manufacturing that employs specialized computer systems to actually guide and control the transformation processes
A & M Manufactured Home Styles, Inc. builds prefabricated modules that can be combined to build homes quickly and efficiently. In this way, A & M is using a(n) _____ design production process that allows the company to build a home for approximately 25 percent less than the cost of a traditional home.
modular
A planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed to make the product is the definition of ______.
mrp
inventory
must be accounted for or controlled
Although planning was once the sole realm of the _____ department, today's successful companies involve all departments within an organization, particularly marketing and research and development, in these decisions.
operations
Which facility layout is characterized by workers remaining in one location as the product moves from one worker to another with each person in turn performing his or her required tasks or activities?
product layout
Which term describes the act of buying of all materials needed by the organization?
purchasing
customer contact
restaurants; retailing such as Macy's
_____ is the sequencing of operations through which a product must pass.
routing
When inspection tests are destructive and/or pointless to use, _____ is likely to be used in an organization.
sampling
_____ is appropriate for an organization when it is infeasible to inspect every part manufactured by a company.
sampling
The assignment of required tasks to departments or even specific machines, workers, or teams is the definition of ______.
scheduling
Perishability
seats at a speakers presentation
Each customer calling Fidelity Investments is likely to require different services due to differing needs, whereas many of the tasks required to manufacture a Ford Focus are the same across each unit of output. Consequently, the products of _____ tend to create more "customized" products or services for clients or customers.
service organizations
Collecting and analyzing data about the quality of the production process of an organization is referred to as _______.
statistical process control
A major function of operations is _____, which refers to connecting and integrating all parties or members of the distribution system in order to satisfy customers.
supply chain management
It is the level of _____ of an organization's principal product that tends to classify the company as either a manufacturer or a service provider.
tangibility
computer assisted design (CAD)
the design of components, products, and processes on computers instead of on paper
Operations Management
the development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services
Continuous Manufacturing
the manufacturing of products without interruption -toothpaste -tv sets
facility location
the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations
Inputs
the resources—such as labor, money, materials, and energy—that are converted into outputs
Routing
the sequence of operations through which the product must pass
The _____ is typically more challenging for service organizations since the human element is inherent and each service tends to be performed differently.
uniformity of outputs
Computer-assisted manufacturing ______.
uses computer systems to guide and control the transformation process
The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD uses computers to design products while CAM ______.
uses computers to manufacture products