isom chp 8

When does routing take place for operations managers?

After materials have been purchased and their use determined

The acronym for using computers to guide and control the manufacturing process is referred to as ______.

CAM

A comprehensive set of environmental standards that encourages companies to conduct business in a cleaner, safer, and less wasteful way is known as _____.

ISO14000 are the international standards for the environment and ISO9000 assures quality control.

_____ reveals whether a product meets quality standards in an organization.

Inspection

Which of the following is a philosophy of uniform commitment to quality in all areas within an organization?

TQM

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award

award given each year to companies 1. leadershiop 2. information and analysis 3. strategic planning 4. human resource development 5. process management

fixed position layout

brings all resources required to create the product to a central location

What is the acronym used for the system of production that uses computers instead of paper to design components, products, and processes?

cad

continuous manufacturing organizations

companies that use continuously running assembly lines, creating products with many similar characteristics

Using computers in place of paper to design components, products, and processes is referred to as ______.

computer-assisted design CAD

The acronym for a complete system that designs products, manages machines and materials, and controls the operations function is ______.

computer-integrated manufacturing

flexible manufacturing

computers can direct machinery to adapt to different versions of similar operations

Companies with a product layout and use assembly lines are usually known as _____ manufacturing organizations.

continuous

three basic layouts

fixed-position process product

Directing machinery by computer to adapt to different versions of similar operations takes place in

flexible manufacturing

Inseperability of production and consumption

going to a chiropractor; air travel; veterinary services

Intangibility

going to a concert or sports event

Outputs

goods, services, ideas

computer assisted manufacturing

guides and controls the manufacturing process

modular design

involves building an item in self-contained units, or modules, that can be combined or interchanged to create different products

iso 14000

is a comprehensive set of environmental standards that encourages a cleaner and safer world

Total Quality Management (TQM)

is a philosophy that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of the organization will promote a culture that meets customers perceptions of quality

Standardization

making identical, interchangeable components or even complete products.

A manufacturing business must take resources and transform them into goods and services. The development and administration of the activities involved in this process is referred to as ______.

operations management

Clayton oversees the transformation process and the planning and designing of operations systems, managing logistics, quality and productivity for his company. Clayton is a(n) ______.

operations manager

intermittent organizations

organizations that deal with products of a lesser magnitude than do project organizations; their products are not necessarily unique but possess a significant number of differences

purchasing

part in procurement involved in the buying of all the materials needed by the organization

determining quality can be difficult because it depends on customer's

perception

Trying to obtain quality items in the right quantities at the lowest possible cost is the aim of ______.

purchasing

Improving __________ means reducing defects before delivery of the product to the customer.

quality

____ reflects the degree to which a good or service meets the demands and requirements of customers.

quality

Supply Chain Management

refers to connecting and integrating all parties or members of the distribution system in order to satisfy customers

capacity

refers to the maximum load that an organizational unit can carry or operate

quality control

refers to the processes an organization uses to maintain its established quality standards

Which of the following are steps used in PERT?

-Identify all the major activities or events required to complete a project -Estimate the time required for each event -Arrange major activities into a sequence or path -Determine the critical path

Services are characterized by which of the following?

-Inseparability -Customization -Perishability -Intangibility

Which three are criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?

-Strategic planning -Customer focus and satisfaction -Information and analysis

Which three are examples that would employ a fixed-position layout?

-an office building -A new home build -A bridge construction

Sustainability issues include ______.

-climate change -urban sprawl -pollution of land and air

Which two are reasons why a company would adopt CIM in their organization?

-reduce cost -boost productivity and quality

Which of the following describes a manufacturer?

A firm that makes tangible products

just in time inventory management

Eliminates waste by using smaller quantities arriving "just in time" for use in the transformation process.

Which of the following is least likely a sustainability-related issue for businesses?

Employee benefits

Which of the following is true about control over variability of resources between manufacturers and service organizations?

Manufacturers typically have more control over variability of resources than does a service provider.

Which inventory management technique utilizes a master production schedule, a bill of materials, and an inventory status file?

Material-requirements planning

Planning a project by analyzing tasks involved in completing a project, estimating time needed for each task and estimating the minimum time needed to complete the project are the steps required for ______ charts.

PERT

______ involves coordinating efforts to improve customer satisfaction, increasing employee participation, forming and strengthening supplier partnerships, and facilitating an organizational culture of continuous quality improvement.

TQM

just-in-time

The produce department in a grocery store must have the correct amount of fresh fruits and vegetables on hand to satisfy customer needs without overstocking produce that will become rotten. A grocery store most likely employs a(n) ______ inventory method.

Which of the following statements regarding the transformation process is TRUE?

The transformation process occurs in all organizations regardless of what they produce or their objectives.

High customization

What service characteristic is best exemplified by the fact that a stylist gives a different haircut to each customer?

-identify all the major activities or events required to complete a project -Estimate the time required for each event -Determine the critical path -Arrange major activities into a sequence or path

Which of the following are steps used in PERT?

TQM (Total Quality Management)

______ involves coordinating efforts to improve customer satisfaction, increasing employee participation, forming and strengthening supplier partnerships, and facilitating an organizational culture of continuous quality improvement.

Project Organization

a company using a fixed-position layout because it is typically involved in large, complex projects such as construction or exploration

Outsourcing, once used primarily as a cost-cutting tactic, has increasingly been linked with the development of _____ through improved product quality, speeding up the time it takes products to get to the customer, and overall supply-chain efficiencies.

a competitive advantage

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

a complete system that designs products, manages machines and materials, and controls the operations function

product layout

a layout requiring that production be broken down into relatively simple tasks assigned to workers, who are usually positioned along an assembly line

process layout

a layout that organizes the transformation process into departments that group related processes

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

a planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed to make the product

Statistical Process Control

a system in which management collects and analyzes information about the production process to pinpoint quality problems in the production system

Scheduling takes place ______.

after a routing sequence has been determined

Scheduling

assigns the tasks to be done to departments or even specific machines, workers, or teams

An assembly line is referred to as a _________ organization.

continuous manufacturing

In PERT analysis, the path that requires the longest time from start to finish is called the ______ path.

critical

The goal of JIT is to ______.

deliver the minimum amount of inventory at the proper time for the transformation process

ISO 9000

designed to ensure the customer's quality standards are met

critical path

determines the minimum amount of time in which th process can be completed

Which of the following is not one of the criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?

efficiency

3 basic types of inventory

finished goods work in progress raw materials

Customization

hair cut; legal services; tax consultant

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

identifies all the major activities or events required to complete a project, arranges them in a sequence or path, determines the critical path, and estimates the time required for each event

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

identifies the optimum number of items to order to minimize the costs of managing them

supply chain

integrates firms such as raw material suppliers, manufacturers, retailers to serve customers and generate a competitive advantage.

Doctors, makers of custom jewelry, and commercial printers are all _________organizations; they create products to customers' specifications and produce relatively few units of each product.

intermittent

Firms that use a process layout are sometimes referred to as _____ organizations, which deal with products of a lesser magnitude than do project organizations, and their products are not necessarily unique but possess a significant number of differences.

intermittent

Fabulous Fixtures manufactures custom lighting for its clients. Along with finished pieces, the company's warehouse houses tools, electrical components, glass and metal housings, and a wide array of decorative materials. All of these items are part of Fabulous Fixtures' ______.

inventory

inventory control

is the process of determining how many supplies and goods are needed and keeping track of quantities on hand, where each iem is and who is responsible for it

What inventory method is designed to eliminate inventory waste by using smaller quantities of materials that arrive just prior to needing them for the transformation process?

just in time

Customization

making products to meet a particular customer's needs or wants

The term "_____" implies a firm that makes tangible products.

manufacturer

computer assisted manufacturing (CAM)

manufacturing that employs specialized computer systems to actually guide and control the transformation processes

A & M Manufactured Home Styles, Inc. builds prefabricated modules that can be combined to build homes quickly and efficiently. In this way, A & M is using a(n) _____ design production process that allows the company to build a home for approximately 25 percent less than the cost of a traditional home.

modular

A planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed to make the product is the definition of ______.

mrp

inventory

must be accounted for or controlled

Although planning was once the sole realm of the _____ department, today's successful companies involve all departments within an organization, particularly marketing and research and development, in these decisions.

operations

Which facility layout is characterized by workers remaining in one location as the product moves from one worker to another with each person in turn performing his or her required tasks or activities?

product layout

Which term describes the act of buying of all materials needed by the organization?

purchasing

customer contact

restaurants; retailing such as Macy's

_____ is the sequencing of operations through which a product must pass.

routing

When inspection tests are destructive and/or pointless to use, _____ is likely to be used in an organization.

sampling

_____ is appropriate for an organization when it is infeasible to inspect every part manufactured by a company.

sampling

The assignment of required tasks to departments or even specific machines, workers, or teams is the definition of ______.

scheduling

Perishability

seats at a speakers presentation

Each customer calling Fidelity Investments is likely to require different services due to differing needs, whereas many of the tasks required to manufacture a Ford Focus are the same across each unit of output. Consequently, the products of _____ tend to create more "customized" products or services for clients or customers.

service organizations

Collecting and analyzing data about the quality of the production process of an organization is referred to as _______.

statistical process control

A major function of operations is _____, which refers to connecting and integrating all parties or members of the distribution system in order to satisfy customers.

supply chain management

It is the level of _____ of an organization's principal product that tends to classify the company as either a manufacturer or a service provider.

tangibility

computer assisted design (CAD)

the design of components, products, and processes on computers instead of on paper

Operations Management

the development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services

Continuous Manufacturing

the manufacturing of products without interruption -toothpaste -tv sets

facility location

the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations

Inputs

the resources—such as labor, money, materials, and energy—that are converted into outputs

Routing

the sequence of operations through which the product must pass

The _____ is typically more challenging for service organizations since the human element is inherent and each service tends to be performed differently.

uniformity of outputs

Computer-assisted manufacturing ______.

uses computer systems to guide and control the transformation process

The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD uses computers to design products while CAM ______.

uses computers to manufacture products