Isotopes and Metals, Metaloids, and Nonmetals.
Metaloids Location
"Staircase"
Alkali Metals Properties
1 valence electron (1 electron in its outer energy shell) Exist as compounds in nature Solids at room temp (common of metals) Good conductors of electricity & heat (common of metals) Malleable (bendable) Softer than most metals Very reactive (particularly with water) React with halogens to make salts Low melting point
How many protons neutrons and electrons does chlorine-35 contain?
17, 18,17
Alkaline Earth Metals Properties
2 valence electrons (2 electrons in outer energy level) Harder than alkali metals Higher melting point than alkali metals Less reactive with water (beryllium doesn't react) Magnesium & calcium have very important biological functions
An isotope of Boron-12 has______________ protons______________ neutrons and ____________ electrons?
5, 7, 5
Halogens Properties
7 valence electrons (7 electrons in outer energy level) Highly reactive nonmetals React easily with most metals to form salts (halo = salt, gen = maker)
What is a group or family on the Periodic Table of Elements?
A COLUMN (up & down)
What is a period on the Periodic Table of Elements?
A ROW (left & right)
The outer energy level is called
A valence shell
Metaloids Properties
Ability to conduct electricity depends on temperature (good insulators at low temps and good conductors at high temps)
How are different groups/families on the PTE identified?
Assigned Roman Numerals or Numbers & Letters BUT the way we will refer to them is by their NAMES
Alkaline Earth Metals Examples
Beryllium (Be) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Strontium (Sr) Barium (Ba) Radium (Ra)
Diagram showing the energy levels of electrons as rings around the central nucleas.
Bohr Model of an Atom.
two models to represent the number of electrons
Bohr mdel of an atom and the Lewis dot Diagram
Metaloids Examples
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), Polonium (Po)
How is the PTE organized?
By increasing atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus)
How is Carbon 14 used in archelogy?
Carbon 14 decays slowly so scientists can use the ratio of parent to daughter isotpes to determine the age of a fossil.
Non-metals Examples
Carbon, helium, sulfur, iodine, Hydrogen also falls in this category despite its placement to the left of the staircase
At high temperatres
Conductivity is good
Halogens Examples
Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl) Bromine (Br) Iodine (I)
Transition Metals Properties
Form compounds with distinctive colors (example: rose colored glasses lenses) A special group of transition metals have their own name, called Rare Earth Metals (elements in the Lanthanide & Actinide series)
Nonmetals will ________ electrons to have the same electron configuration .....
Gain; as the Noble gas at the end of their period.
Metal Properties
Good conductors of heat and electricity Solids at room temp (except Mercury, Hg, which is a liquid) Malleable (can be shaped) Ductile (can be drawn into wires) Reactivity varies from high to low
Halogens Location
Group 17 (7A), second to last column on right
Noble Gas Locations
Group 18 (8A), last column on the right
Transition Metals Location
Groups 3-12 (sunken down middle part of table)
Noble Gas Properties
Have 8 valence electrons (8 electrons in outer energy level) = STABLE Colorless, odorless gases Completely unreactive (only elements that exist as single elements in nature)
Noble Gas Examples
Helium (He) Neon (Ne) Argon (Ar) Krypton (Kr) Xenon (Xe) Radon (Rn)
At low temperatures
Insulation is good.
Metal Location
Left of the "staircase"
the elements chemical symbol with dots placed in pairs on either of the four sides to represent the number of vaence electrons, dots only doublign up wen their are five to eight electrons in the valence shell.
Lewis dot diagram.
Alkali Metals Examples
Lithium (Li) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rb) Cesium (Cs) Francium (Fr
Non-metals Properties
Opposite of metals Not good conductors of heat and electricity Low boiling points Many are gases at room temp If solid, brittle
Alkali Metals Location
Second column to the left of the periodic table
Alkaline Earth Metals Location
Second column to the left of the periodic table
Transition Metals Examples
Silver (Ag) Gold (Au) Cobalt (Co) Mercury (Hg) etc.
Metal Examples
Sodium, Gold, Uranium, aluminum, lead, etc.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
How many groups/families are on the PTE?
There are 18 groups, but We will study FIVE groups/families (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases) in detail
How many periods are on the PTE?
There are 7 periods
How are different periods on the PTE identified?
They are numbered 1-7 (these numbers also correspond to the highest energy level of electrons of elements in that period.
Non-metals Location
To the right of the staircase
How are fireworks evidence for Bohrs model?
When certain elemental compunds are heated there electrons move to higher energy levels, after the explosion they move back releasing energy in the form of diffrent colors of light.
How is an isotope diffrent from an atom?
an isotope has a diffrent mass then the atom isotopes decay when thay are unstable since the forces holdign the isotope together cannot.
Metaloids Conductivity
depends on the temperature.
Metals_______ electrons to gain the same electron configurations as
lose; the Noble gas in the period above them.
Mass number
the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom.
