Smartbook 1-Molecules and Water

A (blank) bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

Covalent

Each water molecule consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by two single (blank) bonds.

Covalent

Electrons in outer, unfilled energy levels are known as (blank) electrons

Valence

Water molecules are attracted to any substance that has a (blank) charge, whether it be full (such as an ion), or partial (such as a polar molecule).

electrical

Which type of subatomic particle can be found at various distances from the nucleus?

electron

The chemical behavior of an atom depends on the number and configuration of its (blank)

electrons

Bonds that form due to the attraction between oppositely charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called (blank) bond

ionic

The amount of heat 1 g of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by 1°C is called (blank)

specific heat

A (blank) is a tentative explanation that accounts for observations made by scientists.

Hypothesis

Who was the first scientists to propose the theory of evolution?

Lamarck

Arrange the following states of water in order from most dense to least dense (start with most dense at the top). Solid Gas Liquid

Liquid Solid Gas

Any substance that occupies space and has a mass is defined as (blank)

Matter

A (blank) is made of two or more atoms held together by one or more covalent bonds in a stable association.

Molecule

To scientists, a theory is best described as which of the following? a) A general principle that is supported by a vast amount of data b) A hypothesis that has been proven correct c) An educated guess that is supported by very little, if any, data

a) A general principle that is supported by a vast amount of data

Select all that apply: Hydrophobic substances tend to do which of the following? a) Assume shapes that minimize contact with water b) Readily form hydrogen bonds with water c) Aggregate together when mixed with water in order to minimize contact with water d) Be repelled by water

a) Assume shapes that minimize contact with water c) Aggregate together when mixed with water in order to minimize contact with water d) Be repelled by water

As a general principle, monocots have flower parts in groups of three. An apple blossom has five petals (a petal is a part of the flower). Based on this, we can conclude that an apple tree is not a monocot. The previous statements illustrate which of the following? a) Deductive Reasoning b) Algorithmic Reasoning c) Inverse Reasoning d) Inductive Reasoning

a) Deductive Reasoning

Select all that apply Water molecules are attracted to which of the following (choose all that are correct)? a) Ions b) Nonpolar molecules c) Other water molecules d) Polar molecules e) Substances that bear an electrical charge

a) Ions c) Other water molecules d) polar molecules e) Substances that bear an electrical charge

Which of the following characteristics of living things is not used by scientists to define life? a) Movement b) Energy Use c) Homeostasis d) Growth and Development e) Cellular Organization

a) Movement

Select all that apply: Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom? a) Protons b) Neutrons c) ions d) Electrons

a) Protons b) Neutrons

How did Darwin explain why the finches on the Galapagos Islands look so similar to each other except for their beaks? a) The finches all have a recent common ancestor but they evolved on different islands where different types of food are available. b) The finches all have a recent common ancestor but they evolved on different islands where different predators are present. c) The finches were originally very different, but they evolved on islands where all conditions are very similar except for the type of food available.

a) The finches all have a recent common ancestor but they evolved on different islands where different types of food are available.

Water is cohesive. Which describes this feature of water molecules? a) They are attracted to each other. b) They are attracted to ions. c) They are held together by strong covalent bonds. d) They are attracted to other (not water) polar molecules.

a) They are attracted to each other.

According to the fossil record life began on Earth approximately: a) about 3.5 billion years ago. b) about 4.5 million years ago c) more than 5 billion years ago d) about 1.5 billion years ago

a) about 3.5 billion years ago.

Choose the two "partners" in a hydrogen bond between water molecules. a) an oxygen atom with a partially negative charge b) an oxygen atom with a partially positive charge c) a hydrogen atom with a partially negative charge d) a hydrogen atom with a partially positive charge

a) an oxygen atom with a partially negative charge d) a hydrogen atom with a partially positive charge

Which of the following properties of living things are also properties of some nonliving things, and therefore are not used by scientists to define life? a) Complexity b) Possess hereditary molecules c) Respond to stimulation d) Growth and reproduction e) Movement

a) complexity c) Respond to stimulation e) Movement

According to Darwin, the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands resemble each other and the finches along the coast of the South American mainland because: a) they are descended from a relatively recent (several million years) common ancestor. b) they all have a similar diet. c) the climate on the Galapagos Islands is similar to the climate on the South American mainland. d) they independently evolved similar characteristics.

a) they are descended from a relatively recent (several million years) common ancestor.

Lamarck was the first scientist to propose a coherent theory of evolution in 1801. Which of the following statements accurately summarized his ideas? a) Life evolved to slowly adapt to the changing environment. b) Life evolved progressively from simple to more complex forms. c) Life evolved in a random manor that ultimately generated Earth's biodiversity.

b) Life evolved progressively from simple to more complex forms.

If two molecules isolated from different organisms have very similar structures, the most reasonable hypothesis is which of the following? a) The molecules perform different functions. b) The molecules perform similar functions. c) The organisms live in similar environments. d) The organisms are distantly related.

b) The molecules perform similar functions.

When electrons move to lower energy levels, closer to the nucleus, a) energy must be added. b) energy is released. c) the electrons must move faster. d) the mass of the atom increases.

b) energy is released

In order for an electron to move to a more distal orbital farther from the nucleus, which of the following must occur? a) The electron must move faster. b) Energy must be released. c) Energy must be added. d) The atom must lose a neutron.

c) Energy must be added

Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms? a) Organ b) Population c) Cell d) Tissue

c) cell

A (blank) which is the simplest unit of life, is surrounded by a membrane and contains complex biological molecules called macromolecules

cell

Using a general principle to predict the outcome of a specific situation involves what type of reasoning. a) Algorithmic b) Converse c) Inverse d) Deductive e) Inductive

d) Deductive

Which of the following ideas existed prior to Charles Darwin? a) How genes replicate b) Natural selection c) How genes control traits d) Evolution

d) Evolution

The amount of energy required to change 1 g of a substance from a liquid to a gas is called which of the following? a) Vaporization energy b) Condensation constant c) Enthalpy d) Heat of vaporization

d) Heat of vaporization

Darwin's main contribution to biology was which of the following concepts? a) Evolution b) Geometric population increase c) Comparative anatomy d) Natural selection e) Heredity

d) Natural selection

How does the fossil record provide evidence to support evolution? a) Similarities in protein structure reflect how closely related different organisms are. b) The sequencing of genes allows scientists to compare and trace genetic similarities among different groups of organisms. c) Organisms that live in similar environments often have similar characteristics. d) Using evidence obtained by studying the rates of radioactive decay, we now know the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. e) Transitional forms, which have a combination of characteristics from different existing groups, have been found at the predicted positions in time.

e) Transitional forms, which have a combination of characteristics from different existing groups, have been found at the predicted positions in time.