ISS 310: Final Exam Review

Population pyramids for three countries (#1, #2, and #3) are shown above. Based on the population pyramids, which country would be most likely to offer incentives to women to have more children? #2 #1 #3

...

The renovation of Paris, France in the late 19th century included wide boulevards designed by Baron Haussmann, open spaces and parks. This would be a good illustration of which movement in the history of urban planning? Romantic Movement Decentralization Movement Progressive Movement City Beautiful Movement

City Beautiful Movement

All of the following contributed to westward expansion in the United States, EXCEPT the: Louisiana Purchase. Homestead Act. National Park Service Act. Pacific Railway Act.

National Park Service Act.

Of the following, which contributes most to water pollution worldwide? municipal and residential use mining agriculture industrial activity

agriculture

The earliest cities were associated with which of the following features of the environment? fertile soil mineral wealth rivers favorable climate

rivers

All of the following were given as reasons why Haiti has a heightened vulnerability to natural disasters, EXCEPT: periods of political instability and regime changes Haiti's remote insular location in the Caribbean a densely populated primate city, Port-au-Prince a colonial history that promoted natural resource exploitation

Haiti's remote insular location in the Caribbean

Which of the following cities, discussed in the Lesson on Urban Environments, has seen its urban form shaped predominantly by land use rents? Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States East Lansing, Michigan, United States Chicago, Illinois, United States

Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States

A country that is concerned with issues like social security and health care for their elderly citizens is most likely in either __________ of demographic transition. Stage 3 or 4 Stage 4 or 5 Stage 1 or 5 Stage 1 or 2

Stage 4 or 5

In terms of atmospheric gases, plants depend most on _____________ for photosynthesis. water vapor nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

According to your lesson, the ultimate cause of the disaster at Chernobyl was: ignorance of the risks. the threat of a nuclear war. weather and other environmental factors. a fundamental technical flaw in reactor design.

ignorance of the risks.

In the United States we are fortunate to have the technology that enables fewer farmers to cultivate larger areas of land, and produce greater agricultural yields. This is indicative of: high agricultural density. low physiological density. low agricultural density. high physiological density.

low agricultural density.

All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl, EXCEPT: overgrazing by pastured livestock. a period of drought years. non-native (exotic) crop varieties. small land holdings.

non-native (exotic) crop varieties.

Respiration is to carbon dioxide as photosynthesis is to: heat. oxygen. water. methane.

oxygen

Worldwide, trees are the dominant vegetative form where: there is ample heat. winters are mild. precipitation is sufficient. soils are fertile.

precipitation is sufficient

The biggest challenge facing wildfire management is: lack of politically motivated mitigation measures. poor understanding of how wildfires spread. private property and land ownership issues. an increase in arson among young people.

private property and land ownership issues.

True or false? Despite rapid population growth in the past 50 years, most of the world's land area is still uninhabited.

true

A country with a high birth rate is most likely: to have a low rate of natural increase. to have a high death rate. in Stage 2 or 3 of demographic transition. a developing country.

... Population and Demography, page 5

You are an American aid worker trying to find access to remote parts of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, following the Asian tsunami of December 2004. Before you arrive in the country, you decide to familiarize yourself with the forest cover, waterways, and wetlands of some of the most inaccessible areas and create a more current map. Your best source for this information will likely come from: a global positioning system. remotely sensed imagery. geographic information systems. thematic and reference maps.

... The Geographic Perspective, page 8

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, since 1970 the Clean Air Act has contributed to all of the following, EXCEPT: creating and enforcing national standards for air pollution monitoring. raising the standard for cleaner, more efficient engines in cars and buses. reducing the amount of smog and particulates in major United States cities. reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the United States.

... modules: natural resources, page 9

Which of the above population pyramids most represents Stage 2 of Demographic Transition? 3 2 1

1 triangle shape (wade bottom, narrow/pointed top)

Of the revolutions listed below, which led to population growth by improving and increasing the food supply? Agricultural revolution Medical revolution Industrial revolution

Agricultural revolution

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the start of the City Beautiful movement? Rapidly growing cities with inadequate housing and infrastructure. Poor sanitation systems and a desire to improve public health. Ugly cities, which featured housing and factories crowded together. Declining urban areas and decreasing populations near the city center.

Declining urban areas and decreasing populations near the city center.

Looking at the map shown above of Pedestrian Produce Access, which of the following areas in the Lansing/East Lansing region could be considered a food desert? [Note: By design, you will need to use basic map reading skills to determine which circled area on the map corresponds to each description.] The northern portion of East Lansing, along Route-127 East Grand River Avenue, in the northern Okemos area Downtown Lansing, near the Interstate-496 corridor West Lansing, just east of Interstates-69/96

Downtown Lansing, near the Interstate-496 corridor

Thomas Jefferson was noted for taking a(n) ________________ view of nature, as evidenced by his commission of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Romantic expansionist puritanical Enlightenment-era

Enlightenment-era

What is significant about the Paris Agreement? It is the first legally binding agreement of its kind and includes penalties. Developing and newly industrialized nations are held to the same standard as wealthy nations. It is the first time targets have been set for reducing emissions. Governments of the world are acting together and committing to a low carbon future.

Governments of the world are acting together and committing to a low carbon future.

Though Manhattan is vastly different than it was pre-settlement, according to the video, which of the following is a reason that the Manhattan project is relevant to the borough today? It creates beautiful artwork to be displayed at galleries. It encourages the development of rooftop gardens. It helps park managers understand what the ecology once was. It explains why designated green space curbs climate change.

It helps park managers understand what the ecology once was.

Why is a geographic perspective on the availability of fresh produce and access to those foods important to the health of the population of an area?[Select the best answer.] It may help us better understand the obesity problem. It may help attract large grocery store franchises. It may help identify areas that need public transportation. It can help us identify areas that drink too much soda.

It may help us better understand the obesity problem.

Which of the following statements about urbanization is TRUE? A city with a population less than 5,000 is not considered an urban environment. People transform urban areas so that natural processes no longer operate there. Urban areas, more than rural areas, are good for the natural environment. It was not until the 2000s that the urban population surpassed the rural population.

It was not until the 2000s that the urban population surpassed the rural population.

Which of the following is NOT a trend associated with the growth of the world's megacities? The number of megacities worldwide is increasing, though growth is slowing in some cities. North American cities are on the decline, and none are projected to be megacities in 2025. In the year 2025, most of the world's megacities will be in the developing world. The world's largest urban agglomeration is located in Asia, and is projected to be there in the future.

North American cities are on the decline, and none are projected to be megacities in 2025.

Which of the following statements about Maquiladoras is TRUE? The United States benefits from Maquiladoras because they keep associated toxic waste and pollution south of the border. Because they are under global scrutiny, Maquiladoras have led to increased environmental regulation and better safety standards. Under the Maquila program, factories are on United States soil but can legally employ workers from Mexico. One benefit of Maquiladoras is that they offer Mexican workers increased employment opportunities.

One benefit of Maquiladoras is that they offer Mexican workers increased employment opportunities.

Urban parks, such as Detroit's Campus Martius and Chicago's Lincoln Park, are the result of a desire to allow nature to exist and be close to nature in a natural setting, even in an urban environment. Ideas like this were most emphasized by the: Raker Act. Romantic Movement. National Park Service. Enlightenment.

Romantic Movement.

"In wildness is the preservation of the world."This quote from Henry David Thoreau represents the philosophy of: Conservationism. Romanticism. Enlightenment. Puritanism.

Romanticism.

Jenny is a busy girl who rarely has time for recreational activities. Recently when a vote came up in her county to preserve 100 acres of an oak opening, which is a natural prairie among an otherwise forested area, she decisively voted yes, even though she had never seen or used this natural area. Knowing that she does not use the prairie or plan to use the prairie, which of the following is the most likely reason that she voted yes? She felt the oak opening had recreational value. She is a firm believer in environmental justice. She felt that the oak opening had economic value. She felt that the oak opening had intrinsic value.

She felt that the oak opening had intrinsic value.

Soil A and Soil B formed in-situ in exactly the same bedrock. They have been influenced by exactly the same climate and organisms (flora and fauna). They are both located in the same location (a floodplain) on the landscape. Soil A, however, is far better developed and thicker than Soil B.Why? Soil A is older than Soil B. Soil A is closer to the water table than Soil B. Soil A has been fertilized more than Soil B. Soil B is older than Soil A.

Soil A is older than Soil B.

Name that soil: Given the moisture regime and vegetation associated with this soil, it can be found in both northern states, like Michigan, and southern states, like Florida. Oxisols Spodosols Mollisols Andisols

Spodosols

In 1993, David Zirnhelt, the former Canadian Minister of Forests, was quoted in the Vancouver Sun as saying: "It's obvious we have to find ways to get more jobs from every tree. Diversification and value-added manufacturing are our best hope for the future." This quote from Minister Zirnhelt is most representative of which perspective of trees? The Romantic Tree The Puritan Tree The Political Tree The Colonial Tree

The Colonial Tree

Which of the following maps would have the smallest scale relative to the others? a map of the Acela Express transit lines between New York and Washington, D.C. a power company's map of a neighborhood's power lines a map of gas stations in East Lansing, Michigan a school district's map of their elementary, middle, and high schools

The Geographic Perspective, page 11

Which of the following statements about greenhouse gas emissions is FALSE? The primary source of emissions differs between industrial and developing countries. Transportation contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions than any other source. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas in terms of emissions. Electricity generation releases most of its greenhouse emissions from burning coal.

Transportation contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions than any other source.

Which of the following locations will have the most developed soil? a flat location in a cold, dry climate a sloped location in a cold, dry climate a flat location in a warm, moist climate a sloped location in a warm, moist climate

a flat location in a warm, moist climate

Full-time employment as an attendant at a full-service gas station has been linked to the increased incidence of certain cancers. The cost of health care related to treating persons affected is an example of: a cost of production. a negative externality. an economic consequence. the race to the bottom.

a negative externality.

Soil has five essential functions. All of the following provide good examples of those functions, EXCEPT: a clay brick a sand dune a mole burrow a field of soybeans

a sand dune

If a farmer wanted to eliminate the largest energy consumer from the process of producing food (from farm to store), he would: not use diesel machinery to transport his crop. harvest his crop by hand when it matures. apply natural fertilizer to his crop, by hand. ensure his crop arrives on shelves unpackaged.

apply natural fertilizer to his crop, by hand.

Most of the apples produced in the United States are grown in Washington, cranberries in Maine, and grapes in California. This geographic specialization of agriculture is related to the lowered cost of producing those fruits in those particular states, due to environmental conditions found there. As it is described here, the geographic specialization of agriculture is a result of: comparative advantage. global commerce. climate. space/time convergence.

comparative advantage.

When you drive north along the Atlantic seaboard in autumn to witness the beautiful colors of the leaves, you are looking at what type of trees? deciduous coniferous evergreen needleleaf

deciduous

In America's heartland, farmers in states like Nebraska are currently enjoying high prices for grains due to all of the following EXCEPT: the mandate that gasoline in the United States contain ethanol. increased demand from Asian countries like China. extreme weather in other parts of the world that grow grain. decreased prices of inputs such as equipment and water.

decreased prices of inputs such as equipment and water.

An area of forest in the Peruvian Amazon was cleared for logging. It was then used as a small-holder farm, and when soils were depleted, forest once again took over the land. This area would most appropriately be considered: deforested. degraded. deserted. degenerated.

degraded.

The Amazon River Basin's dense, tropical rainforests have a strong influence on climate in the region. The removal of vegetation, through deforestation, combined with global climate change has resulted in land degradation, in combination with warming and drying climate trends. This vulnerable area is at risk for what specific process? desertification eluviation salinization erosion

desertification

Which of the following is NOT a major challenge associated with the decentralization of American cities? diminished social services the loss of species habitat the loss of valuable farmland increased carbon dioxide emissions

diminished social services

In terms of recovering oil from the ground at a location where reserves have been identified and are accessible, the most important factor would then be: geologic recoverability. political recoverability. technical recoverability. economic recoverability.

economic recoverability.

At present, most of the natural gas consumed in the United States is used by which of the following sectors? electric power industrial residential transportation

electric power

E-waste, or discarded electronics, often ends up in developing countries or other marginalized areas of the world where workers use dangerous chemicals in unsafe working conditions to extract metals and other usable parts. This is an example of: environmental injustice. a failure of free trade agreements. environmental ethics. the reduce, reuse, recycle campaign.

environmental injustice.

The saline soils of the Great Salt Lake in Utah and the Dead Sea in Israel formed as a result of the hydrological process known as: condensation. transpiration. sublimation. evaporation.

evaporation

In the twentieth century, all aspects of human society and life, including energy and other resource use, agriculture, and so on, were most influenced by: American politics and policies. exceptional population growth. the increasing cost of food. the Environmental Protection Agency.

exceptional population growth.

In the video Food and You, Dr. Kevin Walker said that governments need to develop more specialized agendas in order to effect change in our food system and the health problems related to a Western diet.

false

T?F: The United States backed out of the Paris Agreement mainly because targets were not ambitious enough and there were no penalties for not reaching those targets.

false

True or False? Most refugees move from less developed countries to more developed countries in search of job opportunities.

false

True or false? At present, if we used only electricity as an energy source, we would practically eliminate anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.

false

True or false? Our improved understanding of global environmental interconnections has illustrated that even though environmental problems may be local phenomena, they are evenly distributed around the world.

false

True or false? The Agricultural Revolution began in the United States in the mid- to late-1800s with farm mechanization.

false

True or false? You see a farm where the farmer is plowing the soil to remove the complete remains of last year's wheat crop, after the wheat has been harvested, to make for a good seed bed for next season's crop. That farmer is following recommended Best Management Practices for soil conservation.

false

When comparing an atmosphere to a greenhouse, which of the following is most closely functions as the glass? the ozone layer the clouds gases in the atmosphere the troposphere

gases in the atmosphere

In geocaching, a player uses a hand-held GPS (global positioning systems) to locate "treasure" called a geocache. To begin, the player enters the latitude and longitude coordinates of the geocache they want to hunt for. Because it is connected to a location, a geocache is considered: geographic information. an absolute location. feature data. cartographic data.

geographic information.

Of the factors listed below, an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards would be most attributable to: socio-economic development. global climate change. population growth and distribution. advances in technology.

global climate change.

The San Joaquin Valley, in California, is said to have a serious problem with ozone. Based on your knowledge of air quality, you know that this means that the valley: has been severely deforested and lacks carbon stores. traps so much radiation that human health is impacted. has significant amounts of smog and air pollution. has a large hole in the atmosphere directly overhead.

has significant amounts of smog and air pollution.

The presence of a McDonald's restaurant on the Champs-Elysées in Paris, France, and a Walt Disney World Resort in Shanghai, China, are examples of globalization, but more specifically the idea of globalization and: geographic scale. space-time convergence. homogeneity. comparative advantage.

homogeneity.

A vertical column of soil, like that seen when a deep hole is dug in the ground, may have recognizable layers known as: profiles. orders. horizons. regimes.

horizons.

While the terms natural disaster and natural hazard may seem synonymous, the main element that distinguishes them is: money. humans. policy. weather.

humans

The group of greenhouse gases known as hydroflourocarbons: include gases that are used in place of ozone-depleting substances. account for the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. are the most naturally occurring gases in our atmosphere. are released primarily from agricultural practices.

include gases that are used in place of ozone-depleting substances.

According to some demographers, benefits of an increasingly urban world include: a smaller burden on resources outside the city, such as water and forests. increased access to health and human services for city dwellers. an overall decline in population growth and a more affluent society. a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption.

increased access to health and human services for city dwellers.

Manchester, England went from a population of 15,000 in 1750 to over two million by 1910, mainly due to which of the following processes? intensive agriculture colonization agglomeration industrialization

industrialization

Urban growth in Europe and the United States was rapid during the 1800s and into the early 1900s, when most cities really took off. In places like India and China, urbanization is a more recent phenomenon, occurring in the late 1900s and into the 2000s. This pattern is best explained by which of the following processes? intensive agriculture agglomeration industrialization colonization

industrialization

Petroleum is to transportation as natural gas is to: electricity generation. industry. buildings. heating and cooling.

industry.

According to the Foundation for Deep Ecology, the world's current problems stem from "the assumption of human superiority to other life forms, as if we were granted royalty status over Nature; the idea that Nature is mainly here to serve human will and purpose." They believe that this is false and, by virtue of existence, all life forms including trees have _______________ value. cultural economic intrinsic landscape

intrinsic

The vision statement of the Tennessee State Park system states that the purpose of Tennessee's State Parks is to preserve the natural beauty of the area. They emphasize that "Even if a person cannot travel to a state park, there is value in knowing that these special places exist and will be protected for future generations to experience."In this statement they are referring specifically to what is known as the ____________ value of parks. economic preservation intrinsic future

intrinsic

Particulate matter: is only a problem in urban areas and areas downwind. is considered to be a criteria pollutant. is beyond the scope of the Clean Air Act. occurs naturally and, therefore, is never a pollutant.

is considered to be a criteria pollutant.

By definition, if you believe a squirrel has moral status, you believe a squirrel: has a life greater than or equal to human life. is worthy of our ethical concern. is able to make its own ethical decisions. has value merely because it exists.

is worthy of our ethical concern

The difference in form between a city that has a Central Business District, in which many of the buildings are tall and close together, and one that has lower density, in which buildings are shorter and more widely spaced, is most a result of: politics and policy. transportation networks. age and history. land use rents.

land use rents.

In effort to lessen air pollution and harmful emissions, it would be more preferred to burn coal from: Pennsylvania. Illinois. Montana. Kentucky.

montana

Trees are removed from a forest. The same number and species of trees are planted to replace the trees that were removed. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is TRUE? carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase, whereas in the soil it will decrease deforestation has occurred and the forest is no longer considered a renewable resource more carbon dioxide will be absorbed as a young forest uses more than a mature forest a carbon sink has been permanently lost

more carbon dioxide will be absorbed as a young forest uses more than a mature forest

In 2009, Hydro Quebec, a Canadian government-owned utility company, purchased New Brunswick Power, in eastern Canada, to gain greater access into energy markets on the United States' east coast. New Brunswick Power already had transmission lines to transport electricity and natural gas from New Brunswick Power into Maine.This statement is an example of which theme of geography?(Note: Select the best answer.) place movement location human-environment interaction

movement

One of the most significant shifts in global power during the second half of the twentieth century was from __________ to ____________. international government organizations; non-governmental organizations monopolies; free trade capitalism the feudal system; the modern nation-state nation-states; transnational corporations

nation-states; transnational corporations

Electric cars are a cleaner form of transportation with less associated greenhouse gas emissions. At this time, most of our electricity, which is the source of energy needed to power these cars, comes from: coal. renewable. natural gas. petroleum.

naturL GAS

In terms of the geology of the Ogallala Aquifer, the sediments that allow the precipitation that falls in that region to enter the soil, travel down, and recharge the aquifer can best be described as: fertile permeable filtrable porous

permeable

Geography is fundamentally characterized by its concern with: phenomena in a spatial context. patterns of spatial development. the human condition across space. humans and the environment.

phenomena in a spatial context.

The population density of Bangladesh is high, particularly in the coastal zone. This is an example of: physical vulnerability. environmental vulnerability. social vulnerability. economic vulnerability.

physical vulnerability.

Many cities' sustainability plans for energy grow primarily out of a concern for: lowering electricity and gasoline prices. reducing greenhouse gas emissions. limiting the number of large power plants. growing their economies by investing in technology.

reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the following is one of the first documented examples of globalization? Vasco da Gama establishes the first sea route between Europe and Asia Sears, Roebuck and Company prints and sends its first catalog in 1888 McDonald's opens its first international restaurant in British Columbia in 1967 silk worms are smuggled out of China and across Persia

silk worms are smuggled out of China and across Persia

You are a farmer that mostly grows food for your family, and you use little machinery. You are practicing what type of agriculture? commercial organic subsistence primitive

subsistence

Environmental protests over the Aral Sea were quickly crushed after the fall of ______________, as leaders in Uzbekistan sought to make their country competitive in a global economy and continue the overproduction of cotton. the Soviet Union President Karimov capitalism Joseph Stalin

the Soviet Union

Which of the following is the best example of space / time convergence? the refrigerator the solar panel the motorcycle the cotton gin

the motorcycle

In the production of food, the largest portion of energy is consumed by: diesel trucks and equipment. plant growth and harvesting. packaging and processing. the use chemical fertilizers.

the use chemical fertilizers.

Which of the following presents the best opportunity for cities to reduce the amount of energy used by the largest consumer of energy in cities? using buses to transport people into and out of the city using passive solar design to make new buildings more energy efficient creating bike lanes and pedestrian walking paths designating green space or parks on the city's periphery

using passive solar design to make new buildings more energy efficient

In a geographic information system, you can combine data such as stream locations from a digitized paper map and population data from the Census Bureau. When connected in a geographic information system, these individual data sets are called: layers. attributes. records. features.

... lesson 2. page 13

Which of the following statements about the distribution of water on the earth is FALSE?[Note: Be sure to read each statement carefully.] Most of the world's fresh water is found in ice sheets and glaciers. Most of the world's liquid, fresh surface water is found in wetlands. Most of the world's liquid, fresh water is stored in the ground. Most of the world's water is found in the oceans.

... module: Natural Resources: Hydrosphere, page 4

If you wanted to record the exact location of a monastery located on the side of a mountain at an elevation high above the Earth's surface using a global positioning system, how many satellites would be needed? 5 2 4 3

4

Which of the following statements about porosity and permeability is FALSE? Large pore spaces are needed to store large amounts of groundwater. Highly porous rock is recharged by base flow, not by precipitation. Impermeable rock or clay is necessary for groundwater storage. Permeability affects the rates of movement and recharge of groundwater.

Highly porous rock is recharged by base flow, not by precipitation.

All of the following contribute to air pollution EXCEPT: a growing forest. volcanoes. agriculture. mines and quarries.

a growing forest.

Which of the following resources commonly consumed by the American population has likely contributed the most to tropical deforestation? water oil copper beef

beef

Common sources of thermal pollution include all of the following, EXCEPT: industries discharging wastewater into rivers. deforestation on the banks of a river. excess fertilizer entering rivers through groundwater. soil erosion on the banks of river.

soil erosion on the banks of river.

One of the challenges of meeting the requirements of the Clean Air Act has been that: some standards are set individually at the state-level. cars have become less fuel-efficient in recent years. the federal government does not support monitoring or enforcement. natural emissions are more abundant than anthropogenic emissions.

some standards are set individually at the state-level.

An increase in the incidence of skin cancer and changes in ocean plankton ecology occurring in the latter part of the 20th century can be linked to which of the following? changing surface reflectivity in urban environments the combustion of leaded gasoline in automobiles increasing surface temperatures due to carbon dioxide emissions the use of chlorofluorocarbons in aerosol cans

the use of chlorofluorocarbons in aerosol cans

The distribution and pattern of the most dominant tree species across Michigan would best be displayed and visualized on a ________________ map. thematic topographic reference mental

thematic

In the United States, the implementation of large-scale wind turbines to meet the demand of the countries electricity needs is most limited by the: need for more appropriate transmission systems. technology needed to generate the electricity from wind. overall lack of wind areas needed to generate electricity. noise pollution created by the loud and menacing turbines.

... Module: Natural Resources: Energy, page 12

In less-developed countries, the rate of natural increase is LEAST affected by: primary economic activities. availability of contraceptives. the cost of raising a child. women's educational access.

... Population and Demography, page 5

The fictional country of Bostonia has a crude birth rate of about 25 and death rate of about 13. Though a gap remains, it has narrowed quite a bit. Bostonia is most likely in ____________ of demographic transition. Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2

... Population and Demography, page 8

Your local community has no access to fresh fruits and vegetables and you want to begin researching community gardens as a viable solution to your communities' issue. This would most be considered a ______________ reason for becoming geographically informed. practical intellectual existential ethical

... The Geographic Perspective, page 15

Remote sensing has two different types: (1) passive remote sensing and (2) active remote sensing. Passive remote sensing means collecting data from natural radiation while active emits energy and collects data reflected from an object. Which of the following is a type of ACTIVE remote sensing? weather or elevation detecting radar a photograph taken from an airplane a global positioning system a satellite image of farmland

... The Geographic Perspective, page 8

Which of the following statements about historical population growth is FALSE? Life expectancy increased as an indirect result of the industrial revolution. Advances in agriculture increased the Earth's carrying capacity. Advances in technology slowed population growth. Advances in medicine and health care decreased death rates.

Advances in technology slowed population growth.

Free trade agreements between countries make goods cheaper for purchase by taking advantage of differences in production costs, as is the case with the Maquila program. However, free-trade agreements may also aggravate hardships for people in the countries where new factories are located, as a result of: poor working conditions and extremely low wages. the lower tax rates, which limit investments in the community. the lack of safety and environmental regulations. All of the options above are correct.

All of the options above are correct. poor working conditions and extremely low wages. the lower tax rates, which limit investments in the community. the lack of safety and environmental regulations.

The characteristics of agricultural industrialization include all of the following, EXCEPT: The introduction of fertilizers, agrochemicals, and biotechnology to increase yields. The development of industrial substitutes for more traditional agricultural products. An overall improvement in the diet, nutrition, and caloric intake of people worldwide. Changes in rural labor activities, such as machines replacing human labor.

An overall improvement in the diet, nutrition, and caloric intake of people worldwide.

Parts of the western Great Plains of the United States have an arid to semi-arid climate. Vegetation consists of short grasses or shrubs. The soils can be used for agriculture, but are not as fertile as the prairie soils just to the east. Based on this description, what soils would you expect to find there? Entisols Mollisols Alfisols Aridisols

Aridisols

Which of the following descriptions of the Agricultural Revolution is correct? Because of the Agricultural Revolution, larger amounts of food could be produced in one location. After the Agricultural Revolution, people no longer needed to rely on domesticated animals. The Agricultural Revolution is still taking place in some locations around the world. The Agricultural Revolution reduced the amount of labor needed through mechanized farming practices.

Because of the Agricultural Revolution, larger amounts of food could be produced in one location

Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of biomass used as a source of energy? Biomass is renewable on a human timescale. Biomass sources are diverse and can be used in a variety of ways. Biomass generates fewer emissions than fossil fuels. Biomass is cheaper than fossil fuels.

Biomass is cheaper than fossil fuels.

In October of 1948, a weather system trapped coal dust and steel mill particulates in the river valley surrounding the town of Donora, Pennsylvania, resulting in 14,000 reported health incidents. This is an example of an environmental disaster that propelled the United States government to draft which piece of legislation? Ozone Mitigation Act National Environmental Policy Act Clean Air Act Industrial Effluent Act

Clean Air Act

Based on your understanding of disaster management and how it functions, which of the following is unlikely to be part of a hazard preparedness plan? Identifying vulnerable neighborhoods in Miami, Florida, and assisting residents with evacuation plans. Organizing tornado search and rescue practice drills for first responders in cities across Oklahoma. Creating long-range forecast maps to predict the locations of future tornado outbreaks in the upper Midwest. Using airplane observations to monitor and track storm development in the Atlantic during hurricane season.

Creating long-range forecast maps to predict the locations of future tornado outbreaks in the upper Midwest.

Forest communities that have low biodiversity are less resilient when threatened by adverse conditions. Which of the following provides the best example of this? The closing of a pulp and pair mill in coastal South Carolina due to declining economic conditions. Decreased productivity of trees in eucalyptus plantations due to an infestation of eucalyptus gall wasps. The destruction of orangutan and Sumatran tiger habitat due to the consumption of products made with palm oil. Slash and burn agricultural plots, which are abandoned after several plantings when soils become unproductive.

Decreased productivity of trees in eucalyptus plantations due to an infestation of eucalyptus gall wasps.

State-of-the-art forecasting technology, levees and other flood control measures, and stringent building codes are all measures that would be supported by those who prescribe to the _____________ paradigm. Dominant Mutuality Structuralist

Dominant

"Reason must approach nature with the view, indeed, of receiving information from it, not, however, in the character of a pupil, who listens to all that his master chooses to tell him, but in that of a judge, who compels the witnesses to reply to those questions which he himself thinks fit to propose. To this single idea must the revolution be ascribed, by which, after groping in the dark for so many centuries, natural science was at length conducted into the path of certain progress."This quote by Immanuel Kant most reflects a(n) ____________ perspective in regards to man and his interactions with the environment. Romantic Reformist Modernist Enlightenment

Enlightenment

Which of the following statements correctly describes ethanol and methane? Both are forms of natural gas, which form under specific environmental conditions. Ethanol is a mixed fuel that includes fossil fuels and biomass, while methane is derived from coal. Ethanol is a derivative of biomass, while methane is the main constituent of natural gas. Both are derived from biomass and considered alternative fuel sources.

Ethanol is a derivative of biomass, while methane is the main constituent of natural gas.

The population of India is nearly four times that of the United States. However, per capita, the average American consumes nearly three times more. The population growth rate of the United States is low, and the population is a mere quarter of the population of India. The United States is also a much larger country with more land area than India. Therefore India is overpopulated and a greater burden on the environment than the United States. True, a large population taxes resources more than a small population. False, we must also consider rates of consumption, the economy, and standard of living. True, countries with a high standard of living are more efficient and consume less.

False, we must also consider rates of consumption, the economy, and standard of living.

A rise in average annual temperatures and precipitation amounts, like that currently being experienced on Earth, is more than sufficient evidence to confirm that anthropogenic climate change is occurring. False. Additional evidence needs to be presented in order to support anthropogenic climate change. True. Proxy data indicates that temperatures and precipitation amounts are higher than at any time in recent history.

False. Additional evidence needs to be presented in order to support anthropogenic climate change.

You are working for a marketing research company and they have asked you to analyze and track the average household expenditure on tissues from major pharmacies during the month of January. You are provided with the total number of boxes of tissues purchased and dollars spent by tissue brand in January. The data you are given is considered geographic information. True. You should be able to determine the location of pharmacies based on this information. False. You were not given locations, therefore, it is not geographic information. False. You were given geographic data, not geographic information.

False. You were not given locations, therefore, it is not geographic information.

Which of the following statements about porosity and permeability is FALSE? Porosity affects the storage of groundwater. Permeability affects the rates of movement of groundwater. Fine-textured clays facilitate water movement and percolation. Coarse-textured sands can store large amounts of water.

Fine-textured clays facilitate water movement and percolation.

Today, intensive agriculture in the United States' interior, including states like Kansas and South Dakota, is heavily dependent on water from the: Marcellus Shale Aquifer. Rocky Mountains (snowmelt). High Plains Aquifer. Missouri River.

High Plains Aquifer.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that the earliest cities came into existence? Humans learned to domesticate animals that they previously had to hunt. As occupations arose, a stable city was more conducive to trade and commerce. The powerful wanted permanent places to exhibit their wealth and keep weapons. Humans wanted to avoid the risks associated with a natural environment.

Humans wanted to avoid the risks associated with a natural environment.

As you have read, water resource access is highly contentious issue around the world. Based on your reading of the case studies, which of the following statements is FALSE? In North Africa, Egypt is demanding more equitable use of the Nile River to support its population. In Texas, there is friction between traditional landholder rights and Water Conservation Districts. In the western United States, Upper Basin states are content with how water from the Colorado River is allocated.

In North Africa, Egypt is demanding more equitable use of the Nile River to support its population.

Geologists discover oil off the coast of an island in the Pacific Ocean. When estimating the total amount of technically recoverable oil, they state that "there is a 95% probability that at least 3.9 billion barrels of oil are recoverable, and there is a 5% probability that at least 12 billion barrels of oil are recoverable." Which of the following is true about the amount of economically recoverable oil at this same location? It will primarily depend on the market price of a barrel of oil. It will be more than 3.9 billion barrels, but less than 12 billion barrels. As long as oil is technically recoverable, it is also economically recoverable. It is the same as the low-end estimate of 3.9 billion barrels.

It will primarily depend on the market price of a barrel of oil.

According to your lesson, what is most likely to happen to the water in the Ogallala aquifer? Farmers will continue to pump at any cost until it runs completely dry (that is, there is no water left in it). Farming in this region will become obsolete as people begin to realize it is unsustainable. Long before most pumps run dry, most farmers will not be able to afford the energy to pump without subsidies. Scientists will create hybrid seeds that do not require extensive irrigation and the water will eventually recharge.

Long before most pumps run dry, most farmers will not be able to afford the energy to pump without subsidies.

Based on the map titled "Natural Hazard hotspots, by risk" shown above, use your geographic perspective to determine which of the following is FALSE? Losses associated with hydro hazards are most prevalent in the tropics. Core countries like the United States and European countries are at high risk for economic loss. Either drought or hydro, or a combination of both, tend to be the two most common hazards. Sparsely populated areas (mainly in the far north) tend to be at the lowest risk of economic loss.

Losses associated with hydro hazards are most prevalent in the tropics.

Which of the following statements about Maquiladoras is false? Maquiladora owners benefit from free trade agreements Maquiladoras keep pollution out of the United States Maquiladoras provide jobs, but do not improve living conditions The main attraction for Maquiladora owners is cheap labor

Maquiladoras keep pollution out of the United States

The United States Heartland, including states such as Illinois and Iowa, has some of the most fertile farmland in the world and grows most of the country's corn and wheat. Which soil order would you most expect to find in the Heartland? Andisols Spodosols Mollisols Vertisols

Mollisols

It is estimated that there are over 200 million international migrants worldwide. Which of the following statements about international migrants is FALSE? Some international migrants have been forced to move from their homes and are considered refugees. Most international migrants are found in the United States, where opportunities are greatest. Most international migrants move for perceived economic opportunities in other countries. Most international migrants are of working age and are considered part of the labor force of a country.

Most international migrants are found in the United States, where opportunities are greatest.

A search of research papers in Google Scholar returns the following list of publications. Which is NOTan example of a study that would be done in the context of one of the four environmental spheres introduced in the Lesson Module on the Atmosphere? Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticide management on floodwater ecology in a wetland ricefield. Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 United States' cities. Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. From industrial garden to food desert: Unearthing the root structure of urban agriculture in Oakland California.

Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit.

Which of the following best summarizes the two-part NPR story about Atlanta, Georgia, that you were asked to listen to in your lesson? A high cost of living and fewer amenities are driving many families out of downtown Atlanta and into the suburbs. One family's fight for improved public transportation between the suburbs and downtown. One family's journey from suburban life to urban living and the sacrifices they made to reduce their carbon footprint. Planned communities within urban downtowns can combat climate change, while also improving quality of life.

One family's journey from suburban life to urban living and the sacrifices they made to reduce their carbon footprint.

Which of the following provides the best example of a relative location? Prasanna's house is due east of Hotel Himalaya and south of Prabhat Cinema. Kolkata, located on the River Hooghly, is the eighth largest urban agglomeration. Prasanna's house is on Balai Dutta Street not far from the University of Calcutta. Prasanna lives on the west side of Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Prasanna's house is due east of Hotel Himalaya and south of Prabhat Cinema.

If a demographer uses only the Crude Birth Rate and the Crude Death Rate to determine whether a population is increasing, he is calculating the: Fertility Rate. Rate of Natural Increase. Crude Growth Rate. Doubling Time.

Rate of Natural Increase.

Which of the following statements about natural disaster management is FALSE? Recovery focuses on the long-term well-being of a population after a disaster and is not typically a part of disaster management. Land-use zoning is part of disaster mitigation and can be done in advance to reduce damage during a hazard event. Hazard preparedness legislation is often enacted or amended as a reaction to a natural disaster event. USGS earthquake probability maps can influence building codes in the United States and reduce damage during an earthquake.

Recovery focuses on the long-term well-being of a population after a disaster and is not typically a part of disaster management.

In March of 2011, United States' General David Petraeus joined with key Afghan leaders to kick-off the celebration of Nowrūz with a campaign to plant 75,000 trees in the country. Most of these trees were paid for by a fund to provide humanitarian and development aid to Afghanistan's rebuilding efforts, and were described as being symbolic of strengthening relations between the United States and Afghanistan. These trees embody which perspective of trees? The Romantic Tree The Political Tree The Puritan Tree The Colonial Tree

The Political Tree

Which of the following statements about the agricultural revolution is true? The agricultural revolution began in southwest Asia around 1750. The agricultural revolution involved increasing agricultural production through technology. Issues arising from the agricultural revolution include the excessive use of fertilizer. The agricultural revolution involved the domestication of plants and animals.

The agricultural revolution involved the domestication of plants and animals.

Based on what you learned about the agricultural industry in the United States in the Natural Resources: Agriculture and Food Lesson, which of the following statements is FALSE? The number of Americans eating food from large, commercial farms has decreased over the past decade. According to the most recent agricultural census, new farms tend to be smaller than average in both sales and acres. Large Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations have gradually shifted westward out of the Midwest. Prior to the most recent agricultural census, farms were growing in size and decreasing in number.

The number of Americans eating food from large, commercial farms has decreased over the past decade.

The president credited with the creation of five national parks, 51 federal bird sanctuaries, four national game refuges, 18 national monuments, and more than 100 million acres of national forests is: Harry S. Truman. Theodore Roosevelt. Warren Harding. Franklin Roosevelt.

Theodore Roosevelt.

Which of the following best describes how greenhouse gases warm the Earth? They emit heat energy stored as carbon when combusted. They react chemically when exposed to sunlight. They absorb and re-radiate heat emitted by the Earth's surface. They form an impenetrable barrier around the atmosphere.

They absorb and re-radiate heat emitted by the Earth's surface.

In your lesson you read a case study on pine plantations in the United States south. Which of the following is TRUE about these plantations? They are an example of how silviculture can combat global deforestation and increase lost carbon stores. They are an example of how trees can be a renewable resource, but still lack biodiversity and ecosystem health. They are an example of how the economy of the south has flourished, while providing maximum benefit to the environment. They are an example of how deforestation can increase biodiversity and forest stability in the long term.

They are an example of how trees can be a renewable resource, but still lack biodiversity and ecosystem health.

In your lesson you were shown a map of total water withdrawals in the United States. The two states with the largest water withdrawals, as you read, had what in common? They both are in the region known as the Southeast. They both overlie the High Plains Aquifer. They both are heavily engaged in irrigated agriculture. They both have a largely arid or desert climate.

They both are heavily engaged in irrigated agriculture.

Farmer Pat farms about 500 acres of moderately sloping land. To make the most of her modest farm, she plants all 500 acres each year, alternating between soybeans and corn. Every year following her harvest, she loses about one inch of topsoil to wind and water erosion. In this case, is there a better way that Farmer Pat could manage her resources? Yes, she could employ conservation tillage to stabilize the soil and reduce runoff. No, alternating crops is the best way to maintain productive soils year after year. No, losing one inch of topsoil reveals the more fertile soil below the surface. Yes, she could employ crop nutrient management to protect the most fertile topsoil.

Yes, she could employ conservation tillage to stabilize the soil and reduce runoff.

The Red Cedar River flows into the Grand River, which them empties into Lake Michigan. In recent years the water level in Lake Michigan has been dropping. Does this affect the Red Cedar River? Why or why not? No. It will only affect the Grand River. Yes. A change in base level affects all rivers in the watershed. Yes. Less water will be available for the entire region. No. It will only affect rivers flowing out of Lake Michigan.

Yes. A change in base level affects all rivers in the watershed.

Farmer Pete recently purchased a farmstead on the floodplain of the lower basin of the Mississippi River. He is aware of the flood risk and is willing to assume that risk. Flooding aside, did Farmer Pete make a good choice? Why or why not?(Select the best answer.) Yes. Floodplains are relatively flat and have rich fertile sediments. No. Floodplains tend to be waterlogged and mechanized farming is difficult. No. Water contamination, floating debris, and sediments can damage crops. Yes. Floodplains are generally not affected by floodwaters.

Yes. Floodplains are relatively flat and have rich fertile sediments.

If the United States decided to significantly increase the production of biofuels and their reliance on them as a fuel source, which of the following is least likely to result? an decrease in the need to extract crude oil from the United States' land and water sites a decrease in the cost of food items driven by the increased supply of biofuel crops an increase in the use of fertilizers, pesticides and water to grow biofuel crops an increase in employment in related industries such as farming and biofuel infrastructure

a decrease in the cost of food items driven by the increased supply of biofuel crops

You are working in the field as a home health care professional and you would like to collect the location of each of your clients' homes as you visit them, so that you can more easily locate them for future visits. Which of the following tools would be most helpful? remote sensing a geographic information system volunteered geographic information a global positioning system

a global positioning system

A large percentage of people in the fictional city of Roundville live below the poverty line, and many engage in subsistence farming or low-wage factory jobs. While vaccine programs have decreased the death rate, life expectancy remains low and other social problems such as illiteracy are prevalent. It is most likely that Roundville is located in: a rural area. a less developed country. an urban area. a more developed country.

a less developed country.

Which of the following does NOT describe a component of soil? decomposing leaves air from respiring fauna a moderately-sloping hillside infiltrating rain water

a moderately-sloping hillside

Which of the following would be considered a reference map? a map of world population density a weather map showing average monthly precipitation a map of global soil regions a topographic map of a local campground

a topographic map of a local campground

The social problems linked to the implementation of comparative advantage in the real-world are illustrated by: a factory manager demanding his employees work overtime. the emergence of service-sector work in developing countries. ocean and waterway pollution linked to international shipping. a workers' rights organization protesting cheap imports.

a workers' rights organization protesting cheap imports.

You are having lunch with a friend at a local restaurant and want to provide him with the restaurant's absolute location, in a way that will allow him to locate the restaurant using a map or global positioning system. Which of the following descriptions would best accomplish this? a. the street address of the restaurant, including the city, state, and zip code b. the latitude and longitude for the city where the restaurant is located c. the direction and distance from the nearby hotel where your friend works d. the distance in feet from your friend's grandma's house or a place of business

a. the street address of the restaurant, including the city, state, and zip code

You are using a geographic information system to create a reference map of farms located in mid-Michigan. To plot the location of farms in space, you need to obtain the ________________ of each one. None of the above. Reference maps do not show tangible features. absolute or relative location relative location absolute location

absolute location

All of the following statements describe both biomass and fossil fuels, EXCEPT: carbon based and initially derived energy from the sun. accounts for a large portion of energy consumed in the United States. releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when burned. used as transportation fuel and in many other ways.

accounts for a large portion of energy consumed in the United States.

A person who adheres to the dominant paradigm of disaster theory would suggest which of the following solutions to drought in Africa's horn? a family planning program to reduce population growth adopting high-yielding, drought resistant crop varieties increasing investments in small businesses building more schools to educate the young people

adopting high-yielding, drought resistant crop varieties

Early European settlers deemed the indigenous population uncivilized primarily due to the lack of: weapons and tools. agriculture. infrastructure. industry.

agriculture.

The first countries to experience urbanization, whereby more people were living in urban areas than rural areas, were: also the first to industrialize. found in the periphery. located in the tropics. the most densely populated.

also the first to industrialize.

Which of the following describes the direct impact of the Industrial Revolution on farming practices in more developed countries? a change in food processing and diet preferences a re-allocation of capital towards industry, away from farming an increase in the use of mechanized equipment a change in the demographics of farmers

an increase in the use of mechanized equipment

Overall, the relationship between early European settlers and the new, natural landscape in America is least likely to be characterized by: appreciation. exploration. exploitation. conquest.

appreciation.

The result of farm subsidy programs, like that of the United States, is: artificially low prices for the subsidized crops. a surplus of many crops, which are then wasted. increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. inflated incomes for most farmers.

artificially low prices for the subsidized crops.

In an industrializing or newly industrialized country, __________ is most often replaced by ___________ as the primary energy source. biomass; coal coal; oil solar; biomass natural gas; oil

biomass; coal

Bird migration is primarily a function of: the atmosphere. the hydrosphere. the lithosphere. the biosphere.

biosphere

You are a physical geographer studying the impacts of global climate change on the non-woody plant species of midlatitude temperate forests. Which environmental sphere are you most concerned with? atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere lithosphere

biosphere

Although globally deforestation is linked to all of the following consumer behaviors, considering the reasons large tracts of land are cleared in the world's tropical regions, which of the following is likely to contribute the least to tropical deforestation? buying the weekend newspaper buying processed foods such as sandwich cookies buying health and beauty products eating a hamburger or steak

buying the weekend newspaper

Which of the following statements about the geographic coordinate system is false? a. Latitude values range from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees near the poles. b. The prime meridian is an arbitrarily chosen line that runs through Greenwich, England. c. Latitude values are the distance traveled on the ground between a location and the equator. d. The latitude and longitude coordinates of a location are unique for every place on earth.

c. Latitude values are the distance traveled on the ground between a location and the equator.

"Why should not we, who have renounced the king's authority, have our national preserves, where no villages need be destroyed, in which the bear and panther, and some even of the hunter race, may still exist, and not be "civilized off the face of the earth," — our forests, not to hold the king's game merely, but to hold and preserve the king himself also, the lord of creation, — not for idle sport or food, but for inspiration and our own true re-creation?"This quote by Henry David Thoreau is most notable due to its: call to preserve lands at a time when no other country had a national park system or preserves. call to disband the American government and return to British rule before any more nature was destroyed. support for Native American communities and the establishment of Native American reservations. direct opposition to the philosophy of the Enlightenment and the expansion of territory westward.

call to preserve lands at a time when no other country had a national park system or preserves.

A shift from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy could significantly cut the United States' largest contribution to climate change by reducing emissions of: methane. ozone. carbon dioxide. water vapor.

carbon dioxide

The United States has more ____________ reserves than any other country in the world. oil wood coal natural gas

coal

For an industry that needs both electricity and steam to power equipment, which of the following would be a good way to make efficient use of energy? cogeneration nuclear fission cofiring passive solar design

cogeneration

Evergreen trees retain their dark, green leaves year-round. This feature is most an adaptation to a _______________ climate. cold dry hot snowy

cold

In 1891, Congress enacted the Forest Reserve Act, empowering presidents of the United States to set aside parcels of public land as national forest reserves. Which of the following statements regarding the conservation/preservation debate of this time is false? preservation was not supported by Congress and President Cleveland conservation espouses the idea that forests are sacred spaces Muir advocated preservation while Pinchot advocated conservation national forests were initially established as managed reserves

conservation espouses the idea that forests are sacred spaces

You hear in the news that Des Moines, Iowa, is underwater due to a 500-year flood. From your knowledge of floods, you know that a flood of this size: has not occurred in the last 500 years. has a one in five chance of occurring in any given year. could occur again next year. will not occur again in your lifetime.

could occur again next year.

You are having lunch with a friend at a local restaurant and want to provide him with the restaurant's relative location, in a way that will allow him to locate the restaurant without the use of maps or other tools. Which of the following descriptions would best accomplish this? a. the exact distance in feet from your friend's grandma's house b. the street address of the restaurant, including the city, state, and zip code c. the latitude and longitude (geographic coordinates) of the restaurant d. the direction and distance from the nearby hotel where your friend works

d. the direction and distance from the nearby hotel where your friend works

Terms like "streetcar suburbs" and "bedroom communities" refer to cities where workers return to at night, away from their place of business. These terms are also representative of a process called: gentrification. urban decay. new urbanism. decentralization.

decentralization.

Over the long-term, agricultural yields in the American Midwest are expected to: increase due to a longer growing season. decrease due to extreme weather, then increase as plants adapt. increase due to increased heat waves and heavy precipitation events. decrease due to extreme weather and stress.

decrease due to extreme weather and stress.

While not traditionally thought of a as a paper product, demand for which of the following consumer goods has created a profitable market for American pulp and paper manufacturers? fiber enriched foods landscaping mulch disposable diapers bottled water

disposable diapers

During a long period of little to no rain, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality officials test the water in the Red Cedar River, and find moderate amounts of non-point source pollution, mainly nitrogen, in the water. They also note that that extent of the river tested is located in a residential area. What is the most likely source of these pollutants? excessive residential fertilizer use, which contaminated the river's baseflow (groundwater) excessive surface runoff, which carried fertilizer from the residential area to the river fertilizer that was directly dumped into the river

excessive residential fertilizer use, which contaminated the river's baseflow (groundwater)

True or false? A floodplain is the relatively flat area adjoining the channel of a river that receives the overflow of water; therefore, floodplains are not used for residential development.

false

True or false? If you are forced to move from your home to a new location and have no choice in whether you stay or go, it is NOT considered migration.

false

At this time, which of the following is NOT one of the limitations of large-scale wind turbine systems in the United States? transmission to markets is not always possible good wind areas could not meet energy needs wind is an intermittent source of fuel the initial investment can be significant

good wind areas could not meet energy needs

Which of the following describes the shift that has taken place in the production of beef? ranches are now growing corn and soybeans to finish cattle grain is now transported to the cattle for finishing cattle are now bred, raised, and finished in the Midwest cattle are now transported to the source of grain for finishing

grain is now transported to the cattle for finishing

The most powerful greenhouse gases are referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases. They are given this designation because: remain fixed in the atmosphere once they are released. are released in greater quantities than other greenhouse gases. are more effective than the sun at heating the Earth's surface. have a greater ability to trap heat than other greenhouse gases.

have a greater ability to trap heat than other greenhouse gases.

While driving down the road, you look off to the side and see an exposed bluff of soil. With this view you can observe several distinct layers called soil: profiles. horizons. orders. regoliths.

horizons.

The major advances associated with the Agricultural, Industrial, and Medical Revolutions are all fundamentally due to improvements in: political stability. human health. economic opportunities. educational access.

human health

I am a scientist who studies the affect of nitrogen fertilizers on groundwater quality in the United States Great Plains. The primary focus of my study is on the: biosphere. atmosphere. hydrosphere. lithosphere.

hydrosphere

Which of the following best describes the general geographic distribution of forest biomes? in warm sub-tropical regions, and in continental interiors of the mid- and high- latitudes in any location with either high precipitation or high temperatures in the tropics, mid-latitudes, and high latitudes where precipitation is sufficient along eastern and western continental shores, and in areas of high altitude

in the tropics, mid-latitudes, and high latitudes where precipitation is sufficient

Having access to funds in a savings account and information via a smart phone, as well as holding a college degree, are all factors that are likely to ______________ in the wake of a hazard event. decrease an individual's vulnerability increase an individual's vulnerability increase an individual's resilience decrease an individual's resilience

increase an individual's resilience

All of the following statements about westward expansion and the westward migration of the American population are correct, EXCEPT: it marked the beginning of the Enlightenment. the Industrial Revolution was occurring around the same time. it inspired movements for land preservation. it began with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.

it marked the beginning of the Enlightenment.

Malthus believed that there was one dominant factor that would reduce the Earth's carrying capacity and limit the world's population: overcrowding. illness and disease. lack of food. natural disasters.

lack of food

If I wanted to locate a seafood restaurant near Baltimore's Inner Harbor, I would likely use a ______________ map that displays a ______________ area. small scale; small large scale; large large scale; small small scale; large

large scale; small

All world cities resemble one another, with the same tall skyscrapers of glass and steel and bustling streets jammed with many of the same car models. Most even contain a McDonald's franchise. This is an example of how globalization can:[Select the best answer.] spread capitalism. increase pollution. lead to homogeneity. drive urbanization.

lead to homogeneity.

Bre Pettis is the cofounder of Makerbot, an open-source machine that allows users to manufacture their own designs and inventions, nearly as easily as they would print a document. He believes that more people should be participating in the creation of new products and have access to the necessary tools. In this respect, Mr. Pettis would most likely be considered a: liberal economist. structuralist. neo-Malthusian.

liberal economist.

Meridians of longitude measure distances east and west of an arbitrary line in Greenwich, England, called the Prime Meridian. This is an example of which theme of geography? [Select the best answer.] place region movement location

location

Like the glass of a greenhouse, gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide contain: shortwave radiation from the Earth. shortwave radiation from the Sun. longwave radiation from the Earth. longwave radiation from the Sun.

longwave radiation from the Earth.

Of the following advancements in agriculture, which was directly made possible with Green Revolution technologies? marginal areas can produce enough food for export mechanized farming reduces labor inputs seasonal produce is available year round livestock is housed and fattened in CAFOs

marginal areas can produce enough food for export

You are driving along a roadway through the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Up ahead you notice a barricade, and just beyond the barricade you see a pile of rubble in the middle of the road. It seems some rocks have broken off and toppled down the mountainside into the road. This geological event as it is described here is best categorized as: seismic activity. liquefaction. a natural disaster. mass wasting.

mass wasting.

A category 3 hurricane is expected to make landfall near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Fortunately, some people living on Hilton Head Island have built their homes with structural features intended to withstand heavy rains and wind, in addition to holding robust homeowner's insurance policies that cover flood damage. According to FEMA, measures like these which are meant to lessen the impact of a storm should one occur are considered: useless if a hurricane makes landfall there. response and recovery. mitigation. preparedness.

mitigation.

Smaller leaves are found on both needleleaf trees in Boreal forests and emergent species in tropical rainforests. This shared characteristic is an adaptation that protects these trees from: moisture loss. abundant precipitation. direct sunlight. an arid climate.

moisture loss.

Based on the case studies presented in your lesson, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental degradation and pollution that is occurring in certain developing countries like China and Mexico? free trade agreements more stringent regulations and policies in those countries raising the cost of all electronics increasing public awareness of the risks associated with e-waste

more stringent regulations and policies in those countries

In your lesson you were shown a flow chart of energy flows in the United States. According to that chart and the information presented, in the United States: total consumption is significantly greater than the total supply. more coal is consumed than any other fossil fuel. most of the energy consumed is from imported sources. most of the energy consumed is from domestic sources.

most of the energy consumed is from domestic sources.

When learning about poverty in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, you attribute its prevalence to rapid population growth. You do NOT support the social programs in the region aimed to provide aid to the struggling populations and feel that natural selection should determine who inhabits the Earth. You are most likely considered a: neo-Malthusian. structural functionalist. liberal economist. political ecologist.

neo-Malthusian.

Within the United States, many local governments have direct contact with populations, but also with the larger state government, which has supreme authority over state matters. Ultimately the collective state government must act under the jurisdiction of the three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) of the federal government. This is an example of: an International Governmental Organization. nested scales. New World Order. intra-governmental branding.

nested scales.

When soil is fertilized by hand with synthetic fertilizers, the greenhouse gas emitted is: carbon dioxide. sulfur hexaflouride. methane. nitrous oxide.

nitrous oxide.

You buy a cabin on the floodplain of a small river. When you take out a National Flood Insurance policy for your property, FEMA informs you that the last flood to damage your cabin occurred in 1990. That flooding event was a 50-year flood. You know that this type of flood: is likely to happen again in 2040, so you make plans to sell your property before then. occurs, on average, once every 50 years so it may or may not occur again by 2040. will occur less often than a 100-year flood and more often than a 20-year flood. has a 4% chance of occurring in any given year.

occurs, on average, once every 50 years so it may or may not occur again by 2040.

Unlike many of the other common carbon stores, fossil fuels are a carbon store that: once released, cannot be restored on a human time scale. is transformed into the most powerful type of carbon emission. has more carbon stored in it than any other carbon store. can absorb, store, and release carbon when activated.

once released, cannot be restored on a human time scale.

Which of the following statements about commercial agriculture is FALSE? outside of the western world, fewer people rely on this type of farming for their food profits are greater with larger farm sizes and more acres under cultivation farm products are sold indirectly, not from farm to consumer farming methods rely on a significant investment in machinery, chemicals, and seeds

outside of the western world, fewer people rely on this type of farming for their food

Which of the following gases is responsible for absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays and preventing those rays from reaching the surface of the Earth? carbon dioxide ozone water vapor nitrogen

ozone

The presence of _____________________ is critical to the health and well being of human life on Earth. ozone in the upper atmosphere nitrous oxide in the upper atmosphere methane in the lower atmosphere ozone in the lower atmosphere

ozone in the upper atmosphere

Of the gases in our atmosphere, the principle filter for ultraviolet radiation between the Sun and the Earth is: particulates in the lower atmosphere. ozone in the lower atmosphere. ozone in the upper atmosphere. clouds in the upper atmosphere.

ozone in the upper atmosphere.

The formation of raindrops benefits from the presence of ______________ in the atmosphere. ozone nitrogen greenhouse gases particulates

particulates

Land runs were a phenomenon in the late nineteenth century, whereby people raced to claim lands that were at one time restricted, but were now being given to the public. The event that directly preceded and initiated Land Runs was the: signing of the Pacific Railway Act. passing of the Homestead Act. Louisiana Purchase. start of the Agricultural Revolution.

passing of the Homestead Act.

Living on the fringe of Tornado Alley, most years Michigan experiences fewer tornadoes than several neighboring states. Relatively few moderate EF3 or higher tornadoes have occurred in Michigan in recent history; although, Michigan has experienced its share of strong EF4 and EF5 tornadoes in the past. For these reasons, one might say that, today, the average Michigan resident's _______________ with respect to tornadoes is relatively low. perception of risk resilience vulnerability knowledge

perception of risk

The Montreal Protocol is an agreement designed to: reduce greenhouse gas emissions through a system of carbon credits and offsets. phase out coal consumption and outdated technologies in developing countries. implement a higher standard of car exhaust systems in developed countries. phase out the use of ozone-depleting substances by industries and corporations.

phase out the use of ozone-depleting substances by industries and corporations.

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate method for mitigating property damage from wildfires? planting densely concentrated hardwood tree lines reducing fuel storage in the path of the fire constructing numerous access and evacuation roads clearing and tilling up open areas to create buffers

planting densely concentrated hardwood tree lines

The difference in the way Eritrea responds to a severe drought and Arizona responds to a severe drought is most likely to be influenced by which of the following factors? differences in seasonal climate patterns the types of crops grown and dietary preferences political and economic governance access to reserve water supplies

political and economic governance

Norman Borlaug's research that started the Green Revolution began as a response to: the potential for increased yields in the United States. high population growth in Southeast Asia and Africa. poor growth of wheat crops in marginal environments. a change in the dietary preferences of North America.

poor growth of wheat crops in marginal environments.

Which of the following is an example of a migration push factor? economic prosperity in the United States creates lower unemployment manufacturing jobs in Nigerian cities attract workers from rural areas the location and climate of Florida increases tourism and attracts retirees poverty in rural Ghana causes families to move to urban areas

poverty in rural Ghana causes families to move to urban areas

Armed with the knowledge you gained in ISS310-V People and the Environment, you have been invited to speak at an East Lansing city council meeting to help the council members come up with a solution to accommodate the increasing volume of bike traffic on neighborhood streets. This application of your knowledge to solve an issue facing your local area is a _________________ reason for becoming a geographically informed person. ethical existential intellectual practical

practical

Farmer John is in his tractor, preparing to apply fertilizer to his soybean crop. He uses tools in his tractor to review soil moisture maps, pinpoint locations, and view satellite images of his field that show areas in need of additional fertilizer. Farmer John is practicing a technique known specifically as: intensive farming. fertilizer mapping. precision farming. biodynamic farming.

precision farming.

An evacuation notice issued 24 hours in advance of an impending storm such as a hurricane is considered a part of: response. recovery. mitigation. preparedness.

preparedness.

The intrinsic value of a national park is most regarded by: government agencies. preservationists. economists. conservationists.

preservationists.

Though they are generally related to agriculture, Best Management Practices employed in the United States also help protect the country s water resources by: increasing the biodiversity of aquatic habitats and reducing the number of invasive species. preventing erosion and reducing the amount of sediment and pesticide runoff from entering water bodies. subsidizing organic agricultural practices to eliminate the use of fertilizers and pesticides. reducing the amount of water used during agricultural practices and encouraging central pivot irrigation.

preventing erosion and reducing the amount of sediment and pesticide runoff from entering water bodies.

The greenhouse effect can result in the release of even more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by: raising ocean temperatures. melting glaciers and ice caps. increasing ozone in the upper atmosphere. increasing plant growth.

raising ocean temperatures.

The frequency and severity of disasters has increased worldwide. Of the factors listed below, this is most likely attributable to: changes in weather patterns. the rise of developing economies. rapid population growth in places. advances in technology.

rapid population growth in places.

A desire to live near a volcanic arc, such as the Cascades along the United States West Coast, for skiing and hiking opportunities is an example of a: factor that makes a person more socially vulnerable to a disaster. perceived risk that is acceptable to all people. reason why a person would live in a disaster prone area. factor that makes a person less resilient to a disaster.

reason why a person would live in a disaster prone area.

As seen in your lesson, which of the following methods are researchers using to gauge water clarity as a reflection of water quality across agricultural areas of the United States' Upper Midwest and measure the extent of spring flooding along the Mississippi River? topographic maps global positioning systems remote sensing geographic information systems

remote sensing

You are trying to monitor the extent of a drought across the Great Plains so that its potential impact on agricultural crops can be predicted and United States emergency funds can be distributed to affected farmers at the end of the growing season. Which of the following geospatial technologies would be the most useful for you to use to compare the spatial extent of the vegetation impacted by the drought at various times over the growing season? volunteered geographic information remotely sensed imagery cartography a global positioning system

remotely sensed imagery

In the days immediately following Hurricane Katrina, Proctor and Gamble deployed its mobile laundromat fleet to New Orleans -- a part of the "Loads of Hope" program, which brings comfort and clean clothes to people affected by a disaster. "Loads of Hope" would be considered a part of: preparedness. recovery. mitigation. response.

response.

What two elements are required for cloud formation? saturated air and greenhouse gases humidity and wind saturated air and small particles precipitation and wind

saturated air and small particles

The city of San Francisco has a population of a little more than 800,000, twenty-percent of which are Chinese American. However, in the state of California, people of Asian ancestry only account for twelve percent of the total population. This example is most illustrative of the influence of ______________ on geographic analysis. scale globalization heterogeneity immigration

scale

If I was interested in traveling across country (that is, from coast to coast) by car and I could only bring one map, I would likely use a ______________ road map that displays a _________________ area. small scale; large small scale; small large scale; large large scale; small

small scale; large

Which of the following is a product of decomposing organisms? soil air soil organic matter soil mineral matter soil water

soil organic matter

In the early eighteenth century, European sailors arrived in New Zealand. They described the trees of the dense lush forests as some of the finest timber around and used it at first for ship-building, and later for the export of timber and other wood products. These trees reflect which of the following perspectives as described by Pollan? the Colonial Tree the Political Tree the Puritan Tree the Romantic Tree

the Colonial Tree

While it is still not increasing in ozone concentration, the hole in the Earth's ozone layer is no longer decreasing and it is anticipated that it will recover fully in the future. This is primarily a result of: the Montreal Protocol. the Clean Air Act. Energy Star appliances. none of the above. These statements are false.

the Montreal Protocol.

While much has improved when it comes to both small- and large- scale solar energy systems, according to your lesson, __________ is still a limiting factor. the sun's energy the efficiency of solar systems the extreme cost the number of suitable sites

the efficiency of solar systems

In your lesson, you were asked to watch a video clip from the documentary Affluenza. This particular video clip can best be summarized as a discussion of: the ill effects of a consumer-driven society on people and the planet. the shrinking middle class, or growing income gap between rich and poor. the chemical changes that occur in our brain when we purchase goods. the impact of overconsumption on resources such as water and oil.

the ill effects of a consumer-driven society on people and the planet.

Urban sprawl in the United States is most closely associated with which of the following transportation innovations? the commercial jet the loop highway commuter trains the subway system

the loop highway

Soil orders can best be described as: recognizable layers of soil. factors of soil development. a vertical slice of the Earth. the most common soil profiles.

the most common soil profiles.

Which of the following is the best example of how globalization can lead to homogeneity? Indra Nooyi, the Indian-born Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo more than 5,000 international students at Michigan State University, from 129 different countries serving beer at a McDonalds in Germany the opening of a Sam's Club in Shenzhen, China in 1996

the opening of a Sam's Club in Shenzhen, China in 1996

The southern part of the Aral Sea was considered to be a lost cause following: an announcement that a free trade agreement with China had been signed. the opening of a pulp mill, which is a source of thermal pollution. the detection of high levels of mercury in fish. the opening of a dam built to save the northern part.

the opening of a dam built to save the northern part.

Valuable farmland is being lost in America due to suburbanization. Which of the following has contributed most directly to this problem? the option to commute via streetcar and automobile urban decay and the growth of jobs outside the city the declining value of land within the city low-density building that is common in suburbs

the option to commute via streetcar and automobile

Which of the following historical events is most reflective of the Enlightenment and Enlightenment-era thinking? the publication of the first, general knowledge Encyclopedia Britannica the witchcraft hysteria that led to the Salem witch trials in Massachusetts the creation of environmental organizations like the Sierra Club the rise of the North American fur trade and founding of the Hudson Bay Company

the publication of the first, general knowledge Encyclopedia Britannica

In the atmosphere and at the surface, which of the following has the biggest influence on the Earth's energy balance? the area of a surface the mass of a surface the density of a surface the reflectivity of a surface

the reflectivity of a surface

which of the following statements about variable gases in the atmosphere is FALSE? individual amounts may rise or fall over time they make life on Earth more hospitable their proportion compared to other gases is large they regulate the Earth's temperature

their proportion compared to other gases is large

Above the rainforest canopy there is consistently a layer of clouds. The source of these clouds is water that moved into the atmosphere as vapor from the leaves of the dense, green vegetation below. More specifically, the source of the water that formed these clouds is: precipitation. condensation. evaporation. transpiration.

transpiration.

Early urban growth (mid-1800s) in the city of Chicago, Illinois was closely related to: the automobile. transportation links. the central business district. financial markets.

transportation links.

True or false? A majority of scientists agree that global climate change is occurring and that human actions are contributing.

true

True or false? Although low-density cities tend to consume more energy for transportation in and around the city, they tend to have less of a heat island effect than cities that are more densely developed.

true

True or false? Eating a sandwich that includes bread, tomatoes, lettuce, meat, and cheese, is one way humans interact with the natural environment.

true

True or false? Forests both absorb and release carbon dioxide, but a growing forest absorbs more carbon dioxide than it releases.

true

All of the following have contributed to the drying and shrinking of the Southern Aral Sea, EXCEPT: uneducated farmers engaging in antiquated farming practices. a dam that separates the Northern and Southern Aral Seas. water diversion projects for mismanaged irrigation schemes. an arid climate that is characterized by periods of drought.

uneducated farmers engaging in antiquated farming practices.

You are asked to consult on a new design for an office building in East Lansing. The architects want to focus on clean energy and reducing energy costs. You recommend that the architects _________________ because it is relatively simple to incorporate during the building process and can reduce heating bills by up to 50%. include a wind turbine on the property install a solar thermal system install a wood-burning fireplace use passive solar design

use passive solar design

The direct cause of the drying and shrinking of the Aral Sea is: the market price of high quality, exotic cotton. the socialist movement and communal agriculture. water diversion projects for irrigation in an arid region. the low cost of farming inputs in that region.

water diversion projects for irrigation in an arid region.

Which of the following atmospheric gases is most responsible for regulating temperatures on Earth, in other words, making them more moderate? carbon dioxide water vapor oxygen ozone

water vaopr