Sociology of sport midterm
diversity
(n.) difference, variety; a condition of having many different types of forms
new games
- replace competition with cooperation, participation, creativity, & personal expression - used around the world to bring groups together
process of becoming a sports fan based on PCM
-awareness -attraction -attachment -allegiance
3 ways a non-profit organization can exist
-charity -reglious functions -trade,research,education
average career length for an athlete
10 years
corporation
A business that is owned by many investors.
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
A business's concern for the welfare of society.
social inequality
A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
ethnography
A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.
trust
A group of corporations run by a single board of directors
mixed methods
A research approach that combines quantitative and qualitative elements; it involves the description of the measurable state of a phenomenon and the individual's subjective response to it.
Globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
Acculturation
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
most watched sporting event in the world
World Cup
syncretism
a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith
critical theory
a contemporary form of conflict theory that criticizes many different systems and ideologies of domination and oppression
social class
a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally, and who share behavioral norms
association
a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or beliefs
thematic
a map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable. Four types: dot, isoline, choropleth, and proportional symbol.
social construct
a social mechanism or practice that is constructed by society; essentially everybody in society agrees to treat a certain aspect a certain way regardless of its inherent value, e.g. the idea of gender, social class
which of the following is not a sport
chess
2 types of foundations
corporate and family
Transculturation
cultural borrowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact
3 factors at influence our experiences in sport
culture fandom gear
Culturism
discourses of cultural difference that serve to obscure inequality and injustice
what had globalization of sport created?
expansion of sport worldwide
most popular sports in the world are also the most popular in the United States
false
upper class has the lowest rate of sport participation
false
education and life experiences that we acquire are referred to as our
social capital
3 areas studied by sociologists
social organization sociological social psychology social change
sport culture in U.S. different than Europe
sport themselves Europe is focused on one sport (soccer) uk sporting fans shows interest in non uk leagues North American college sports nearly as popular as professional leagues Europe does not just have one league English sports are classed based
sociology
study of the evolution, development, and functioning of human society
Sport Sociology
study of the role of sport in society, its impact on participants in sport, and the relationship between sport and other societal institutions
6 tools used in sociological research
surveys interview thematic analysis ethnography historical analysis societal analysis
advantageous inequity aversion
the dislike of a reward distribution in which you get more than someone else
socialization
the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
interactionist theory
the notion that biological factors and environmental influences interact to determine the course of language development
cultural relativism
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
5 theories used by sociologist to help study and explain sport?
theories functionalist conflict critical interactionist feminist
international athletes call America home because
they find economic opportunity in major competitions
Women were prohibited from participating in the modern Olympics until 1932
true
a difference between play and games is that games involve competition
true
collegiate athletes may view sport as work
true
in the Lower class sports provides an excellent way to move into the middle or upper class
true
international sport traditions began with greek civilization
true
most women executives played a sport
true
functionalist theory
a sociological theory that attempts to determine the functions, or uses, of the main ways in which a society is organized
feminist theory
a theoretical approach that looks at gender inequities in society and the way that gender structures the social world
conflict theory
a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
advantages and disadvantages of a nonprofit
advantages-tax exempt status, enhanced credibility, tax deducted donation, limited liability protection, eligibility for grants disadvantages-time and money, continual maintenance, public scrutiny, no profits
youth sport participation tends to
be community driven
sport has a history of participation by recent immigrants and members of the lower class
boxing
factor produced the global expansion of athletic clothing and equipment
cheaper labor and manufacturing cost
historical
connected with history; based on events in history (whether regarded as important or not)
4 levels of connection to sport
fandom fan spectator sport agnostic
social construct of American sports culture influenced fandom
gender, age,race,socioecnomic,personality
people from a working class background most likely play
golf
not explanation for global growth of sport
growth of the economic model of sport
provide example of transculturation in sport
include the loss of cultural material
3 main types of economic inequality
income inequality pay inequality wealth inequality
disadvantageous inequality aversion
instinctual aversion to getting less than others
true about the medias effect on sport globalization
international sport dictates to broadcasters what should be televised
Assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
4 levels of events
local-community events major-events that enhance tourism profitability and awareness due to its uniqueness, status hallmark-high level of visibility mega event-global impact w/ economic impact on the city
Olympic Games have traditionally been organized by the leaders of the upper and upper-middle class most olympic champions come from
lower class
sports that are available through schools and community programs are most likely chosen by
lower-middle class
example of cultural relativism in sport
no universal morals
development sport system in Europe
olympics started there 54% of summer olympics held there
open stratification differ from closed stratification
open-can move and improve based on your work
why do we study sport?
personal development; scholarly study; professional practice
prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
sociology of sport
primarily a sub discipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as social phenomena
I drop rule
principle of racial classification that was historically prominent in the United States in the 20th century.
example of social capital
private club membership
3 approaches to sociological research
quantitative :data, can be counted,statistics qualitative: subjective data, open ended mixed methods
socioculture
relationship between social behavior and culture
sport is the most successful at attracting television sponsorship
soccer
two most popular sports worldwide for playing and watching
soccer and cricket
one reason why we study is because it affects our culture, traditions and values
true
play and games differ but sport and work do not
true
social class is defined category of people who share a similar position socioeconomic level
true
sport can increase peoples appreciation for other cultures
true
sport clothing, including footwear tends to be manufactured in developing countries
true
not a reason for the expansion of international sport
underdeveloped countries continue to dominate many sports
discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
social class is most likely to favor hunting and fishing
upper class
Quantitave
when collected data can be expressed numerically
4 elements of sport elements of sport pyramid
work, sport,games,play
does sport create community?
yes