Sociology of sport midterm

diversity

(n.) difference, variety; a condition of having many different types of forms

new games

- replace competition with cooperation, participation, creativity, & personal expression - used around the world to bring groups together

process of becoming a sports fan based on PCM

-awareness -attraction -attachment -allegiance

3 ways a non-profit organization can exist

-charity -reglious functions -trade,research,education

average career length for an athlete

10 years

corporation

A business that is owned by many investors.

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

A business's concern for the welfare of society.

social inequality

A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.

ethnography

A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.

trust

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

mixed methods

A research approach that combines quantitative and qualitative elements; it involves the description of the measurable state of a phenomenon and the individual's subjective response to it.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

most watched sporting event in the world

World Cup

syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

critical theory

a contemporary form of conflict theory that criticizes many different systems and ideologies of domination and oppression

social class

a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally, and who share behavioral norms

association

a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or beliefs

thematic

a map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable. Four types: dot, isoline, choropleth, and proportional symbol.

social construct

a social mechanism or practice that is constructed by society; essentially everybody in society agrees to treat a certain aspect a certain way regardless of its inherent value, e.g. the idea of gender, social class

which of the following is not a sport

chess

2 types of foundations

corporate and family

Transculturation

cultural borrowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact

3 factors at influence our experiences in sport

culture fandom gear

Culturism

discourses of cultural difference that serve to obscure inequality and injustice

what had globalization of sport created?

expansion of sport worldwide

most popular sports in the world are also the most popular in the United States

false

upper class has the lowest rate of sport participation

false

education and life experiences that we acquire are referred to as our

social capital

3 areas studied by sociologists

social organization sociological social psychology social change

sport culture in U.S. different than Europe

sport themselves Europe is focused on one sport (soccer) uk sporting fans shows interest in non uk leagues North American college sports nearly as popular as professional leagues Europe does not just have one league English sports are classed based

sociology

study of the evolution, development, and functioning of human society

Sport Sociology

study of the role of sport in society, its impact on participants in sport, and the relationship between sport and other societal institutions

6 tools used in sociological research

surveys interview thematic analysis ethnography historical analysis societal analysis

advantageous inequity aversion

the dislike of a reward distribution in which you get more than someone else

socialization

the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

interactionist theory

the notion that biological factors and environmental influences interact to determine the course of language development

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

5 theories used by sociologist to help study and explain sport?

theories functionalist conflict critical interactionist feminist

international athletes call America home because

they find economic opportunity in major competitions

Women were prohibited from participating in the modern Olympics until 1932

true

a difference between play and games is that games involve competition

true

collegiate athletes may view sport as work

true

in the Lower class sports provides an excellent way to move into the middle or upper class

true

international sport traditions began with greek civilization

true

most women executives played a sport

true

functionalist theory

a sociological theory that attempts to determine the functions, or uses, of the main ways in which a society is organized

feminist theory

a theoretical approach that looks at gender inequities in society and the way that gender structures the social world

conflict theory

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources

advantages and disadvantages of a nonprofit

advantages-tax exempt status, enhanced credibility, tax deducted donation, limited liability protection, eligibility for grants disadvantages-time and money, continual maintenance, public scrutiny, no profits

youth sport participation tends to

be community driven

sport has a history of participation by recent immigrants and members of the lower class

boxing

factor produced the global expansion of athletic clothing and equipment

cheaper labor and manufacturing cost

historical

connected with history; based on events in history (whether regarded as important or not)

4 levels of connection to sport

fandom fan spectator sport agnostic

social construct of American sports culture influenced fandom

gender, age,race,socioecnomic,personality

people from a working class background most likely play

golf

not explanation for global growth of sport

growth of the economic model of sport

provide example of transculturation in sport

include the loss of cultural material

3 main types of economic inequality

income inequality pay inequality wealth inequality

disadvantageous inequality aversion

instinctual aversion to getting less than others

true about the medias effect on sport globalization

international sport dictates to broadcasters what should be televised

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

4 levels of events

local-community events major-events that enhance tourism profitability and awareness due to its uniqueness, status hallmark-high level of visibility mega event-global impact w/ economic impact on the city

Olympic Games have traditionally been organized by the leaders of the upper and upper-middle class most olympic champions come from

lower class

sports that are available through schools and community programs are most likely chosen by

lower-middle class

example of cultural relativism in sport

no universal morals

development sport system in Europe

olympics started there 54% of summer olympics held there

open stratification differ from closed stratification

open-can move and improve based on your work

why do we study sport?

personal development; scholarly study; professional practice

prejudice

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

sociology of sport

primarily a sub discipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as social phenomena

I drop rule

principle of racial classification that was historically prominent in the United States in the 20th century.

example of social capital

private club membership

3 approaches to sociological research

quantitative :data, can be counted,statistics qualitative: subjective data, open ended mixed methods

socioculture

relationship between social behavior and culture

sport is the most successful at attracting television sponsorship

soccer

two most popular sports worldwide for playing and watching

soccer and cricket

one reason why we study is because it affects our culture, traditions and values

true

play and games differ but sport and work do not

true

social class is defined category of people who share a similar position socioeconomic level

true

sport can increase peoples appreciation for other cultures

true

sport clothing, including footwear tends to be manufactured in developing countries

true

not a reason for the expansion of international sport

underdeveloped countries continue to dominate many sports

discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

social class is most likely to favor hunting and fishing

upper class

Quantitave

when collected data can be expressed numerically

4 elements of sport elements of sport pyramid

work, sport,games,play

does sport create community?

yes