IT214MIDPT1

Normalization Stages

1NF, 2NF, and 3NF are ____.

superkey

A __ is any key that uniquely identifies each row

constraint

A ___ is a restriction placed in the data

entity

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) in the data model.

common attribute

A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a

Relationship

A(n) ____ is bidirectional.

subtype discriminator

A(n) ____ is the attribute in the supertype entity that determines to which entity subtype each supertype occurrence is related.

transitive dependency

A(n) ______ exists when there are functional dependencies such that Y is functionally dependent on X, Z is functionally dependent on Y, and X is the primary key.

attribute

A(n) is the equivalent of a field in a file system.

spur of the moment question

An ad hoc query is a ________.

strong

Another word for existence-independent is ____.

key attribute

Any attribute that is part of a key is known as a ____.

a detailed description of an organization's operations

Business rules are derived from ____.

Data Reports

DBMS performs several important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database.

1NF

From a structural point of view, 2NF is better than ____.

existence

If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ____-independent.

three

If you have three different transitive dependencies, ___ different determinants exist.

Natural

In A ____ key is a real-world, generally accepted identifier used to uniquely identify real- world objects.

3NF

Most designers consider the BCNF as a special case of the ____.

Relational Data Model

MySQL is an example of a(n) ____.

Null

No data entry at all is known as a(n)

unique

Non-overlapping subtypes are subtypes that contain a(n) ____ subset of the supertype entity set.

DKNF

Of the following normal forms, ____ is mostly of theoretical interest.

easier database design

One of the advantages of a relational data model is ____.

Easier database design

One of the advantages of a relational database model is

primary

Since it is used to link the tables that originally were related in a M:N relationship, the composite entity structure includes—as foreign keys—at least the ____ keys of the tables that are to be linked.

Simple

Some attributes are classified as ____.

security-compliant

The "_______" characteristic of a primary key states that: The selected PK must not be composed of any attribute that might be considered a security risk or violation. Ex: Do not use a SSN as a PK of an employee table.

(1,1)

The Crow's foot symbol with one vertical parallel lines indicates ___ cardinality.

object-oriented

The ____ model is said to be a semantic data model.

1970s

The relational data model was developed in the

optionality

The term "____" is used to label any condition in which one or more optional relationships exist.

avoid data redundancy

When designing a new database, it is a good idea to ____.

physical

Which model operates at the lowest level of abstraction?

they help create an environment for end users to have access to more data

Which of the following is a benefit of using a DBMS

Modification

Which of the following is considered a data anomaly?

Casual Fridays take place in the summer.

Which of the following is least likely to be a business rule as relates to data modeling?

They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers

Which of the following is true of business rules?

1:M

___ relational type is the "relational model ideal."

constraints

____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

Logical

____ data can have only a true or false (yes or no) values.

Primary Key

a candidate key selected to uniquely identify all other attributes values in any given row, and cannot have a null value, is called a

persons social security number

a(n) ____ might be represented with a single-valued attribute

1:1

at the implementation level the supertype and it's subtype depicted in the specialization hierarchy maintain a

generalization

bottom-up process of identifying a higher level, more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes

generation, storage, and retrieval of data

data management is a discipline that focuses on the ___.

Household phone numbers

might be represented with a multivalued attribute.

dependency

n a(n) _____ diagram the arrows above the attributes indicate all the desirable dependencies

entity

the CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entires, and all entries are unique. This is an example of ___integrity

Entity

A ___ represents a particular type of object in the real world

Single-Valued

A ____ attribute can have only one value.

simple

A ____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.

repeating group

A ____ derives its name from the fact that a group of multiple entries of the same type can exist for any single key attribute occurrence.

Composite

A ____ identifier is composed of more than one attribute.

Ternary

A ____ relationship exists when three entities are associated.

Person's Age

A ____ should be a derived attribute.

secondary

A ________ key's effectiveness in narrowing down a search depends on how restrictive it is.

composite

A primary key that consists of more than one field is called a ____ key.

b) anomalies

A table that displays data redundancies yields ____

relationship

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) in the data model.

Functionally Dependent on

Attribute B is _____ on A if each value in column A determines one and only one value in column B

2NF

Before converting a table into 3NF, it is imperative the table already be in ____.

M:N

Composite primary keys are particularly useful as identifiers of composite entities, where each primary key combination is allowed only once in the ____ relationship.

data dictionary

DBMS stores definitions of data elements and relationships (metadata) in a

instance

Each row in the relational table is known as an entity

PROJ_NUM -> PROJ_NAME

Given the table EMP_PROJ (PROJ_NUM, EMP_NUM, PROJ_NAME, EMP_NAME, JOB_CLASS, CHG_HOURS, HOURS), of the following, _ , is a partial dependency.

The level of detail represented by the values stored in a table's row

Granularity refers to ____.

underlining and bolding

In an ER diagram, primary keys are indicated by ____.

(min, max)

In the ERD, cardinality is indicated using the ____ notation.

PROD_CODE

In the following table description, ____ is the primary key. PRODUCT (PROD_CODE, PROD_DESCRIPT, PROD_PRICE, PROD_ON_HAND, VEND_CODE)

hierarchical

In the model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.

Maximum and Minimum

Knowing the ____ number of entity occurrences is very helpful at the application software level.

entities

Normalization represents a micro view of the ___ within the ERD.

many to many

Students and classes have a ____ relationship.

end-user requirements

Successful database design is, first and foremost, based on

CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION

The ____ attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS (CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM)

specialization hierarchy

The ____ depicts the arrangement of higher-level entity supertypes (parent entities) and lower-level entity subtypes (child entities).

Composite

The associative entity is also known as a ____ entity.

mandatory

The existence of a(n) ____ relationship indicates that the minimum cardinality is at least 1 for the mandatory entity.

system catalog

The is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

entity relationship

The model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.

Numeric

The most likely data type for a surrogate key is ____.

inheritance

The property of ____ enables an entity subtype to inherit the attributes and relationships of the supertype.

logically, physically

The relational database model enables you to view data ___ rather than ____.

table

The relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the term relation as a synonym for

1:1

The relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

specialization hierarchy

The relationships depicted within the ____ are sometimes described in terms of "is-a" relationships.

Create a detailed narrative of the organizations description of operations

The step,____, occurs first in the process of building an ERD

null

all primary key entries must be unique, and no part of a primary key may be ___