Italian Baroque
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
*Corona Chapel-- Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria Rome, Italy Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1650* (3 images associated) *Form:* -Single wide nave; One of the side chapels houses Bernini's -Ecstasy of St. Theresa *Function:* -Church was originally dedicated to Saint Paul -Rededicated to the Virgin Mary in gratitude for a military victory in Bohemia in 1620 *Content:* -First story ionic pilasters; Emphasis placed in the center of facade -Round & triangular pediments broken pediments swags and scrolls *Context:* -Turkish standards captured in the Siege of Vienna in 1683 on display
San Carlo Alle Quattro
*Fontaine Rome, Italy Francesco Borromini 1636-1646 Stone & Stucco* (4 images associated) *Form:* -Borromini avoided colors unusual for the time; Seriousness of Worship -Walls treated sculpturally, they move in and out of a flat plane key for Baroque *Content:* -Alternating convex & concave patterns -Facade higher than rest of building -Interior side chapels merge into central space -Interior dome oval shaped and coffered *Context:* -Assisted Bernini, they didn't get along (Bernini said that -Berromini was sent to destroy architecture -Named because it's on a square of Rome with 4 fountains -Unusually small site
Triumph in the Name of Jesus
*Il Gesu Fresco Italian Baroque Rome, Italy Giovanni Battista Gaulli 1676* *Form:* -Naturalist trend in painting -Di Sott In Su-- Italian for illusion form below the idea is to create a ceiling that pulls you upwards into it. -Figures cast long shadows across the barrel vault -Mixed Medium: Combination of stucco and paint illusion *Function:* -Open the space & reveal heaven *Content:* -Depicts the Last Judgement-- The blessed rising to heaven and the damned falling to hell -Said to be the ultimate illusionistic; Baroque ceiling of the period -Brilliantly lit sea of gold-- The focus is the Christogram IHS *Context:* -Italian Baroque Notes -Gaulli had studied under the infamous Bernini from when he acquired the Baroque techniques of drama & combining mediums
Calling of Saint Matthew
*Italian Baroque Caravaggio 1600 Oil on Canvas* *Form:* -Light comes from 2 sources on the right, creating a tenebristic effect on the figures -Naturalist approach to the Baroque -Narrow stage for the figures to sit & stand on *Function:* -One of 3 paintings illustrating the life of St. Matthew in a chapel dedicated to him by the Contarelli Family. *Content:* -Sensual figures, everyday characteristics -Only slight hint at the halo around Christ indicates the sanctity of the scene -Foppishly dressed figures are in the latest Baroque Fashion -Diagonal shaft of light points directly to St. Matthew who points to himself as if unsure that Christ would select a tax collector depicting a moment of time. *Context:* -Christ's hand is meant to echo the hand in God in the Sistine -Chapel-- the Creation of Adam
Il Gesu
*Italian Baroque Rome, Italy Giacomo de Vignola (Plan Architect) 1568-1584* *Form:* -Column groupings emphasize central doorway -Slight crescendo of forms toward the center *Function:* -Principal church of the Jesuit order *Content:* -Interior has no side aisles-- meant for grand ceremonies -2 stories separated by cornice; United visually by the side scrolls Tympana & pediment over the central door