ITE 221 ch 3 quiz, ITE 221 CH.2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE QUIZ
A(n) _____________ combines related data items in much the same way a record does, but it extends the record to include methods for manipulating data items.
CLASS
The primary advantage of hexadecimal notation, compared with binary notation, is its
COMPACTNESS
A processor's efficiency depends on its __________________
COMPLEXITY
Recall that scientific notation, including floating-point notation, trades numeric range for _______________
ACCURACY
. A(n)______________ is the location of a data element in a storage device.
ADDRESS
The standard ASCII version used for data transfer is sometimes called
ASCII-7
Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with values in ____ logic. a. Newton b. Boolean c. Turing d. standard
Boolean
The ____ data type has only two data values—true and false. a. Boolean b. integer c. floating point d. character
Boolean
Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people. a. True b. False
False
Using contiguous storage locations, especially in secondary storage devices, simplifies the allocation of storage locations. a. True b. False
False
___________ notation uses the base-8 numbering system and has a range of digits from 0 to 7
OCTAL
____________________ data communication is common in computer networks that cover large distances.
Optical
For computer components such as processors, ____________________ are expected to gradually supplant electronics during the 21st Century.
Optics
____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into a fixed-width data format. a. Underflow b. Rounding c. Approximation d. Overflow
Overflow
A segmented memory model has primary storage is divided into equal-sized (for example, 64 KB) segments called _____________.
PAGES
An unsigned integer's value is always assumed to be
POSITIVE
. One way of dealing with the tradeoff between range and precision is to abandon the concept of a fixed _________ point.
RADIX
A(n)_______________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or primitive data elements.
RECORD
Windows OSs tend toward an all-inclusive approach to system software, bundling most system software functions in the OS.
TRUE
Unicode is widely supported in modern software, including most OSs and word-processing applications. a. True b. False
True
Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make extensive use of pointers and addresses. a. True b. False
True
With any fixed-width data storage format, it's possible that the result of a computation will be too large to fit in the format. a. True b. False
True
You can increase a fixed radix point format's numeric range by allocating more bits to the whole portion. a. True b. False
True
Like ASCII, _____________ is a coding table that assigns nonnegative integers to represent printable characters.
UNICODE
A(n) ____________________ identifies a specific web resources.
URL
Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of Boolean logic. a. True b. False
False
Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers. a. True b. False
False
Each element of a doubly linked list has two pointers: one pointing to the next element in the list and one pointing to the top element in the list. a. True b. False
False
Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device. a. True b. False
False
In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that an error has been detected. a. True b. False
False
Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961. a. True b. False
False
Monetary amounts should be stored and manipulated as binary floating-point numbers. a. True b. False
False
The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software. a. True b. False
False
The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system's base decreases. a. True b. False
False
A ____ data format combines two adjacent fixed-length data items to hold a single value. a. single-precision b. standard-precision c. scientific d. double-precision
double-precision
The phrase ____________________ is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or services decreases as the size of the producing or delivering organization increases.
economies of scale
In a(n) ____________________ device, the movement of electrons performs essentially the same functions as gears and wheels in mechanical computers.
electronic computing
A moving photon's ____________________ can be harnessed to perform computational work.
energy
A(n) ____ is a set of related data values. a. pointer b. list c. array d. record
list
The address of an array element can be calculated with the starting address of the array and the element's ____. a. base b. index c. size d. name
index
A(n) ____ is a whole number—a value that doesn't have a fractional part. a. real number b. imaginary number c. floating point number d. integer
integer
The rightmost digit in a bit string is the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit
least significant digit
A(n) ____ is a data structure that uses pointers so that list elements can be scattered among nonsequential storage locations. a. array b. queue c. linked list d. stack
linked list
A(n) ____ is one instance, or variable, of a class. a. structure b. object c. list d. implementation
object
A(n) ____________________ is a collection of utility programs that supports users and application programs, allocates resources, and controls access to hardware.
operating system
A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common processing and is defined and manipulated in software. a. primitive b. object c. pointer d. data structure
primitive
A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components. a. integer b. imaginary number c. real number d. binary number
real number
____________________ is layered between applications software and computer hardware.
system software
A sequence of records stored in main memory is normally called a ____. a. table b. record c. database d. class
table
In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values. a. twos complement b. ones complement c. excess d. packed
twos complement
Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers. a. signed integer b. signed real c. unsigned integer d. unsigned real
unsigned intege
In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit's position in a string determines its ____. a. sign b. placement c. base d. value
value
____ software describes programs used to develop other programs. a. Application development b. Application design c. Systems d. Application modeling
a. Application development
The complexity of modern networks arises from the huge quantity of ____. a. centralized resources b. local resources c. distributed resources d. cloud services
c. distributed resources
The assignment of numeric codes to characters follows a specific order called a(n) ____. a. alignment sequence b. collating sequence c. alphabet sequence d. byte sequence
collating sequence
The term "____" describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value. a. compactness b. completeness c. value d. Efficiency
compactness
Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix. a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 16
16
A(n) __________ is an array of pointers to records.
INDEX
Linked lists are easier to expand or shrink than arrays are. a. True b. False
True
More storage locations are required for a linked list than for an array with equivalent content because both data and pointers must be stored. a. True b. False
True
The advantage of using an index lies in the efficiency of record insertion, deletion, and retrieval. a. True b. False
True
The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization. a. True b. False
True
With unsigned integers, the lowest value that can be represented is always
0
Compilers and interpreters for high-level programming languages, such as C and Java, convert decimal numbers into ___________ numbers automatically when generating CPU instructions and data values.
BINARY
In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a(n)
BIT
A group of bits that describe a single data value is called a(n)
BIT STRING
A string of eight bits is called a(n)
BYTE
____________________ typically make use of both multicomputer configuration and virtualization
Clouds
The most famous of the mechanical computation devices is the ____________________, built by Charles Babbage in 1821.
Difference Engine
____ is a character-coding method developed by IBM in the 1960s and used in all IBM mainframes well into the 2000s. a. ANSI b. UNICODE c. EBCDIC d. ASCII
EBCDIC
Computer systems represent data electrically and process it with _______________________
ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters directly. a. True b. False
False
____ notation always uses a fixed number of bits, with the leftmost bit representing the sign. a. Ones complement b. Excess c. Twos complement d. Packed
Excess
A tablet computer is a laptop computer that emphasizes small size, reduced weight, low cost, and wireless networking and is capable of performing only light-duty tasks, such as Web browsing, e-mailing, and word processing.
FALSE
All computers are automated computing devices, and all automated computing devices are computers.
FALSE
In classical physics, a subatomic particle, such as a photon, can be in multiple places at one time
FALSE
Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex calculations.
FALSE
Mechanical computers such as the Mark One were used during World War I to compute trajectory tables for naval guns and torpedoes.
FALSE
Optics have little advantage over electronics in most areas of computing technology.
FALSE
The World Wide Web is sometimes called a network of networks because it interconnects millions of other networks.
FALSE
The biggest impetus for the change to electronic computing devices came during World War I.
FALSE
The need or idea that motivates a request for computer processing is stated at a specific level.
FALSE
In CPUs using a(n)_____________ memory model, using twos complement or unsigned binary as the coding format for memory addresses is logical and typical.
FLAT
. In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa. a. True b. False
False
. To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats. a. True b. False
False
____________________'s law is the mathematical formula that describes belief that the large and powerful computers will always be more cost effective than smaller ones.
Grosch
____________________ numbers often designate memory addresses
HEXADECIMAL
The physical laws of electricity, optics, and quantum mechanics are described by
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
A(n) _____________ integer uses one bit to represent whether the value is positive or negative
SIGNED
To represent a specific integer value in excess notation, you must know how many_______________ are to be used.
STORAGE BITS
A sequence of characters that forms a meaningful word, phrase, or other useful group is a(n)
STRING
A key function of ____________________ software is allocating resources to users and programs.
SYSTEM
. The evolution of Microsoft OSs is a good example of how software development depends on hardware technology
TRUE
A URL identifies one specific WWW resource.
TRUE
A machine capable of adding whole numbers can multiply whole numbers by executing the addition function multiple times.
TRUE
A typical computer system must have much more secondary storage capacity than primary storage capacity
TRUE
An end-user accesses a Web-based application via a URL.
TRUE
Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of mechanical computation
TRUE
Light can be used as a basis for computation.
TRUE
Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than current processors and are better matched to optical communication technologies.
TRUE
Server hardware capabilities depend on the resources being shared and the number of simultaneous users.
TRUE
Some commercial computers have used quantum physics to perform data storage and computation
TRUE
The 80386 provided hardware support for running multiple programs simultaneously, simplified partitioning primary storage among programs, and provided mechanisms for preventing programs from interfering with one another.
TRUE
The Difference Engine computed logarithms by moving gears and other mechanical components.
TRUE
The primary role of software is to translate users' needs and requests into CPU instructions that, when executed, produce a result that satisfies the need or request.
TRUE
. Scientific and floating-point notation is far more complex than integer data formats. a. True b. False
True
. The number of bits in a floating-point string and the formats of the mantissa and exponent impose limits on the range of values that can be represented. a. True b. False
True
ASCII is a 7-bit format because most computers and peripheral devices transmit data in bytes and because parity checking was used widely in the 1960s to 1980s for detecting transmission errors. a. True b. False
True
Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics. a. True b. False
True
Before Unicode, devices designed for character I/O used ASCII by default and vendor-specific methods or older ISO standards to process character sets other than Latin-1. a. True b. False
True
Computer input devices convert external data into an internal representation that can be carried to and manipulated by processing circuitry. a. True b. False
True
In a sequential file, records are stored in contiguous storage locations. a. True b. False
True
In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used for the period or comma. a. True b. False
True
____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits allocated to store it. a. Rounding b. Rotation c. Overflow d. Underflow
Underflow
____________________ offers flexibility in server configuration and deployment, including the ability to "resize" virtual machines easily to match changing requirements.
Virtualization
A(n) ____________________ is software accessed over the Internet using Web protocols, such as shipping cost calculator accessed by an online shopping application
Web server
A(n) ____________________ is application software that is accessed via a URL and uses a Web browser as the primary user interface.
Web-based application
"____" is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size increases. a. Economies of scale b. Economies of measure c. Economies of balance d. Economies of growth
a. Economies of scale
____ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work. a. Grids b. Clouds c. Clusters d. Blades
a. Grids
____ improved memory access and raw CPU speeds and added features such as support for higher-speed system buses, pipelined instruction execution, and multimedia processing instructions. a. Pentium processors b. Multiple-core CPUs c. 80x86 processors d. PowerPC processors
a. Pentium processors
A specific shared resources within the World Wide Web is identified by a(n) ____. a. URL b. ALU c. CPU d. WWW
a. URL
A simple definition of a computer is a device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and ____. a. communicate results b. solve formulas c. store data on disk or flash RAM d. detect quantum storage states
a. communicate results
Most application software is used by ____. a. end users b. programmers c. engineers d. administrators
a. end users
Optical light pulses can be stored indirectly, such as ____. a. on the surface of a DVD b. on the surface of a magnetic disk c. in the blocks of flash memory d. the groves of a record
a. on the surface of a DVD
A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single user's information-processing needs. a. personal computer b. mainframe c. supercomputer d. minicomputer
a. personal computer
Storage devices that hold currently executing programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage
a. primary storage
Any matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous quantum states is called a ____. a. qubit b. bit c. limit d. quantum
a. qubit
A ____ is designed for one purpose—computational speed with large problems. a. supercomputer b. mainframe c. microcomputer d. server
a. supercomputer
A(n) ____ is an ordered list in which each element can be referenced by an index to its position. a. list b. matrix c. vector d. array
array
In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only one of ____ possible values at a time. a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 24
b. 8
____ is typically the cheapest component of current information systems. a. System software b. Hardware c. Middleware d. Application software
b. Hardware
____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support many application programs and users. a. Application software b. System software c. Niche software d. Commodity software
b. System software
A ____ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a single application. a. cloud b. cluster c. blade d. grid
b. cluster
A ____ consists of hardware, software, and transmission media that enable computer systems to share information, software, and hardware resources. a. computer system b. computer network c. computer environment d. computer platform
b. computer network
A particle of light is called a ____. a. muon b. photon c. quantum d. meson
b. photon
Optical computation harnesses the energy of moving ____ to perform computational work. a. muons b. photons c. electrons d. positrons
b. photons
The CPU contains a few internal storage locations called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item. a. the ALU b. registers c. shifters d. the compiler
b. registers
The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of the numbering system. a. base b. mantissa c. power d. Exponent
base
Large numeric values expressed in octal notation are one-third the length of corresponding ____ notation. a. decimal b. ternary c. binary d. hexadecimal
binary
In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1. a. decimal number b. hexadecimal number c. binary number d. unary number
binary number
In contrast to a formula, a program that implements an algorithm must include comparison and ____________________ instructions.
branching
The first commercially available quantum computer was built by ____. a. IBM b. Sony c. D-Wave d. Hewlett-Packard
c. D-Wave
____ signals can carry more data than electrical signals. a. Mechanical b. Digital c. Optical d. Quantum
c. Optical
In a modern digital computer, data is represented by groups of ____. a. qubits b. photons c. bits d. waves
c. bits
A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end interfaces and back-end resources. a. grid b. cluster c. cloud d. blade
c. cloud
In the "layered approach," knowledge of the machine's physical details is embedded into system software and hidden from users and application programmers. This is commonly referred to as ____. a. machine dependence b. virtualization c. machine independence d. abstraction
c. machine independence
A ____ is a program that translates instructions in a programming language into CPU instructions. a. compiler b. linker c. program translator d. parser
c. program translator
Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform ____. a. text processing b. mathematical simulation c. repetitive mathematical calculations d. repetitive text operations
c. repetitive mathematical calculations
The term ____ can describe computers as small as midrange computers and as large as supercomputers. a. mainframe b. client c. server d. grid
c. server
The ____________________ is a general-purpose processor that executes all instructions and controls all data movement in the computer system.
central processing unit CPU
In their written form, English and many other languages use alphabetic letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and a variety of other special-purpose symbols known as ____. a. characters b. bytes c. strings d. integers
characters
A(n) ____ is a data structure containing both traditional (static) data elements and programs that manipulate the data. a. array b. stack c. object d. class
class
Current computer technology is based on principles of ____________________ physics developed during the 17th through 20th centuries, including electronics, magnetism, and optics.
classical
A simple definition of a(n) ____________________ is any device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, such as addition and subtraction, and communicate results.
computer
The ____ chip provided integrated memory caches, enhanced computational capabilities, and increased raw CPU speed. Windows 95 was developed to take better advantage of this chip's capabilities. a. 8088 b. 80286 c. 80386 d. 80486
d. 80486
____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a subatomic level. a. Einsteinian b. Newtonian c. Relativity d. Quantum
d. Quantum
In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____. a. Flash b. PROM c. ROM d. RAM
d. RAM
Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ____. a. physical rules b. mathematical rules c. physical laws d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws
d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws
A(n) ____ is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values. a. system b. problem c. solution d. algorithm
d. algorithm
A(n) ____ is a stored set of instructions for responding to a specific request, much as you might look up a recipe to prepare a particular dish. a. operating system b. computer system c. compiler d. application program
d. application program
A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a server. a. grid b. cloud c. cluster d. blade
d. blade
Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently running programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage
d. secondary storage
The ____ software layer has utility programs used by end users and system administrators to manage and control computer resources. a. system services b. machine independent c. machine dependent d. system management
d. system management
In the decimal numbering system, the period or comma is called a ____. a. place holder b. division point c. marker point d. decimal point
decimal point
A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____. a. file b. record c. database d. sleeve
file
Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____. a. integer notation b. floating-point notation c. packed values notation d. complementary notation
floating-point notation
A(n) ____________________ is a group of dissimilar computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.
grid
When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and "ease" refers to machine efficiency. a. abstraction b. manipulation c. interpolation d. inference
manipulation
The programs in a class are called ____. a. properties b. attributes c. methods d. children
methods
The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit
most significant digit
A(n) ____________________ configuration is any arrangement of multiple computers used to support specific services or applications.
multicomputer
The upper 128 entries in Latin-1 are sometimes called ____. a. multibyte characters b. international characters c. Western characters d. multinational characters
multinational characters
A(n) ____ is a data element containing the address of another data element. a. pointer b. data structure c. object d. list
pointer
The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types. a. user b. complex c. primitive d. limited
primitive
A(n) ____________________ is a device that performs data manipulation and transformation functions including computation, comparison, and data movement.
processor
A(n) ____________________ is a stored set of instructions for performing a specific task
program
The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____. a. radix point b. mantissa c. exponent d. base
radix point
A(n) ____________________ is a computer or group of computers that manages shared resources and enables users and other computer to access those resources over a network.
server
The accuracy, or precision, of data format representation increases with ____. a. the size of the data word b. the sign of the data format c. the number of data bits used d. the position of the radix
the number of data bits used
Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____. a. approximation b. truncation c. packing d. rounding
truncation
