ITM 435 Final Review

In the context of earned value management, the ____ value is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period.

planned

In which knowledge area do the best or alpha project managers spend almost twice as much time as typical project managers?

planning

Project management ____ facilitate communication among stakeholders and provide a baseline for progress measurement and project control.

plans

Fortune magazine summarized research showing that the main reason CEOs failed was due to _______________.

poor execution

Two important concepts that help projects meet enterprise goals are the use of programs and project ____ management.

portfolio

A __________ is another name for a project close-out meeting.

post mortem

Organizations can measure performance against their own past; against peers; and, even better, against __________.

potential

You can create a ________ grid as part of a stakeholder analysis.

power/interest

Procedures for administrative and contract closure are examples of organizational ____ assets.

process

Project ____ management includes acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the organization.

procurement

Some organizations have the project sponsor complete a ____________ form to close a project or phase.

project completion/customer acceptance

A(n) ____ management system provides the ability to easily organize, find, and archive procurement-related documents.

records

PMI defines a project ____ as an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.

risk

You decide to take out an insurance policy in case a risk event occurs. What risk response strategy are you using?.

risk transfernce

The main monitoring and controlling task performed as part of project time management is ____ control.

schedule

After a project is approved, senior managers should meet to determine the ____, time, and cost constraints for the project.

scope

If it is crucial to meet time and cost goals, the ____ must be flexible.

scope

To define the ____ of the project accurately, it is very important to ensure consistency between the project charter, scope statement, WBS, Gantt chart, and related documents.

scope

The bottom four needs in Maslow's hierarchy are referred to as deficiency needs, and the highest level, ____, is considered a growth need.

self-actualization

A crucial part of the project charter is the ____ section, where key project stakeholders sign the document to acknowledge their agreement on the need for the project.

sign-off

When using the ____ mode to resolve conflicts, the project manager de-emphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.

smoothing

The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project.

sponsor

A(n) ____ management plan describes when and how people will be added to and removed from a project.

staffing

Which project document should not be made available to all key project stakeholders due to its sensitive nature?

stakeholder analysis

The PMBOK Guide

standard

Project portfolio management addresses _______________ goals of an organization, while project management addresses _______________ goals.

strategic, tactical

Project ____ may be defined as a test of whether a project has met scope, time, and cost goals.

success

A stakholder analysis is a technique for analyzing information to determine which stakeholders" interests to focus on and how to increase stakeholder _________.

support

RTM stands for requirements _______ matrix.

traceability

A ____________ chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.

tracking Gantt

Even though a company might work on similar projects over and over again, such as building houses, providing training courses, or developing specific types of products, there are unique challenges because all projects involve ____________.

uncertainty

Best practices, such as study habits, can be _____ to each person or course.

unique

The main monitoring and controlling tasks performed as part of project scope management are _____ scope and controlling scope.

validating

In the context of earned value management, ____ are calculated by subtracting the actual cost or planned value from EV, and indexes are calculated by dividing EV by the actual cost or planned value.

variances

____ management is a soft skill required to achieve high performance on projects.

Conflict

____ to requirements means that the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Conformance

____ change orders are oral or written acts or omissions by someone with actual or apparent authority that can be construed to have the same effect as a written change order.

Constructive

A _________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS that represents the level of work that the project manager uses to monitor and control the project.

work package

____ motivation causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.

Extrinsic

____ plans are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

Fallback

The Project Management Institute initially published the _________ in December 2003 to address the need to bridge the gap between organizational strategy and successful projects.

Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3)

____ are the tangible or intangible results of applying capabilities.

Outcomes

____ risk events include completing work sooner than planned or at an unexpectedly reduced cost, collaborating with suppliers to produce better products, and obtaining good publicity from the project.

Positive

After thoroughly evaluating a supplier, many organizations summarize evaluations using a supplier ____ matrix—a type of weighted scoring model.

evaluation

In which of the five project management process groups is the most time and money usually spent?

executing

In general, the majority of a project's time and budget is spent on project ____.

execution

The main purpose of project planning is to guide project ____.

execution

H. J. Thamhain and D. L. Wilemon identify the ____ influence base as the project manager's perceived specialized knowledge that others deem important.

expertise

According to Andy Crowe's research, the best project managers send ________ e-mails per day and spend _________ time in meetings than typical project managers.

fewer, less

According to Frederick Herzberg, a(n) ____ factor is a basic necessity, such as air-conditioning during hot weather.

hygiene

Project ____ management involves coordinating all the project management knowledge areas throughout a project's life span.

integration

The most common approach for closing or terminating a project is through _______.

integration

A ____________ is a criterion used to determine the degree to which an outcome is achieved.

key performance indicator

Many organizations are working hard to improve the ___________ process since human capital is one of their key assets.

knowledge transfer

You would use a(n) ____-or-buy analysis to decide whether to purchase or lease items for a particular project.

lease

Answering questions such as, "What will you do differently on the next project based on your experience working on this project?" is part of a __________.

lessons-learned report

Many organizations claim that using project management ____.

lowers costs

Project ____ work with the project sponsors, the project team, and the other people involved in a project to meet project goals.

managers

Time-and-____ contracts are a hybrid of both fixed-price and cost reimbursable contracts.

material

A higher ____ level describes the characteristics of the most organized and mature organizations.

maturity

Examples of common ____ used by organizations include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings.

metrics

A special case of termination by extinction is called termination by ____________, when there is a sudden end to a project.

murder

Best practices are " _____ methods, currently recognized within a given industry or dscipline, to achieve a goal or objective."

optimal

Which of the following is not a project management process group?

analyzing

The ____ area of project management knowledge refers to the domain or industry to which project management is applied.

application

H. J. Thamhain and D. L. Wilemon identify the ____ influence base as the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.

authority

Performance in meeting project scope goals is based on the scope ____.

baseline

A business ____ is a document that provides justification for investing in a project.

case

Because many projects fail due to unclear requirements and expectations, starting with a project ____ makes sense.

charter

It is good practice to hold a ____________ meeting as part of closing.

close-out

Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.

communications

When using the ____ mode, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements.

confrontation

The final output of the seller selection process is an agreement or ____.

contract

A procurement document package generally includes a summary letter, a request for proposal or quote, and a ____.

contract statement of work

Three broad categories of contracts are fixed price, or lump sum; ____; and time and material.

cost reimbursable

High level items in a WBS are broken down or _______ into smaller tasks.

decomposed

A ____ is a product or service produced or provided as part of a project.

deliverable

Pareto analysis is sometimes referred to as the ____ rule, meaning that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20 percent of the causes.

80/20

_______________ diagrams can assist in ensuring and improving quality by finding the root causes of quality problems.

Fishbone or Ishikawa

____ contracts reduce the risk of incurring higher costs than expected.

Fixed-price

_____ and contracting professionals should be involved in writing and administering contracts.

Legal

_______________ is defined as the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.

Quality

_______________ includes all of the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project.

Quality assurance

________ are conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification.

Requirements

____ reports describe where the project stands at a specific point in time.

Status

You can control stakeholders' level of _________

engagement

A scope baseline is composed of an approved scope statement, a WBS, and a ____.

WBS dictionary

According to Douglas McGregor, people who believe in Theory ____ assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.

X

What can project teams create to help promote teamwork and clarify team communications?

a team contract

According to David McClelland, people with a high need for ____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.

affiliation

What does Andy Crowe call the top 2% of project managers?

alpha project managers

You develop a WBS by analyzing a similar project. You are using the _________ approach.

analogy