ITM 706 midterm

What is a Balanced score card?

- A management system that helps an enterprise to clarify and implement its vision and strategy - It provides measures concerning customer satisfaction, internal processes, and the ability to innovate in addition to a financial measure

Characteristics of EA

- Captures the essentials of the business, IT and its evolution - Manages the complexity of the enterprise and its processes and systems - Good EA will provide max flexibility and adaptation - Good EA should easily be extended and evolved

How have digital technologies transformed the industry?

- Introduced new ways to deliver value to customers - Provided them with competitive advantages - Changed the underlying economics of markets

What can a message flow connect

- To the boundary of a pool to capture a message to/from that party - to a specific activity or event within that pool, to capture a message that triggers a specific activity/event within that party

How do the aspects relate to the business layer?

- behavior element: business services, business processes and business functions • Active structure elements: business actors and roles • Passive structure elements: business objects

What is ArchiMate?

- it helps expressing and analyzing the business model of an organization and how it produces stakeholder value, - helps reach a common understanding between different architects and other stakeholders in an enterprise

What are the 3 internal aspects of EA modeling

1. Active structure 2. Behavior 3. passive structure

What are the TOGAF architectural domains

1. Business architecture 2. Application architecture and Data architecture 3. Technology architecture

What are TOGAFs main components

1. Business vision and drivers 2. Architecture capability framework 3. Architecture development method 4. ADM guidelines and techniques 5. architecture content framework 6. enterprise continuum and tools 7. TOGAF reference models 8. Business capabilities

What is the role of the ArchiMate language

1. High level modelling with in a domain 2. basis for visualization 3. basis for analysis 4. modelling relations between domains

What are the Phases of Architecture development method (ADM)

1. Preliminary phase A - Architecture vision B- Business architecture C - Information systems architectures D - Technology architecture E - Opportunities and solutions F - Migration planning G - Implementation Governance H - Architecture change management - Requirements management

EA offers a holistic perspective of _______________, and on the action that should be taken to achieve the company's goals 1. Current operation 2. current and future operation 3. future operation 4. IT operation

2. Current and future operation

________ is defined as any collection of organizations that has a common set of goals 1. Architecture 2. Framework 3. Enterprise 4. None of the above

3. Enterprise

What is the definition of enterprise architecture

A coherent whole of principles, methods, and models that are used in the design and realization of an enterprise's organizational structure, business processes, information systems, and infrastructure

Syntax for message flow

A message flow cannot connect two flow elements with the same pool

What do you first create when using Sparx EA?

A model

What is a strategic plan?

A plan for how an enterprise adapts in a changing and often competitive environment

What does a receive activity do?

A receive activity won't start until the incoming message has been received

What does a send activity do

A send activity will send the outgoing message upon activity completion

If a task has two output arcs (also called flows), it is the same as if the task was followed by an:

AND - split

What is a event?

An event represents a state change, may have a time attribute that indicates the moment or moments at which the event happens (looks like a curved tip arrow)

What is a stakeholder

An individual, team, or organization with interests in, or concerns relative to a system

What is an enterprise?

Any collection of organizations that has a common set of goals and or a single bottom line

What is a domain?

Any subset of conception of the universe that is conceived of as being some 'part' or 'aspect' of the universe

Types of digital transformation

Business process - Starbucks and loyalty rewards apps Business model - Uber's reinvention of the taxi industry Domain - Amazon and AWS

What is an external active structure element?

Called an interface, represents a point of access where one or more services are provided to the environment.

What is a pool?

Captures a resource class, generally used to model a whole company

What is a Lane?

Captures resource sub class within a resource class by partitioning a pool, used to model departments, internal roles, software systems, or equipment

What are the biggest problems that enterprises are facing (according to zachman)

Complexity and Change

What is A. Architecture vision

Defining the scope, constraints, and expectation of the project, identifying the stakeholder, creating the architecture vision, and obtaining approval to proceed with the architecture development

What is an Internal driver?

Ensures that business and IT projects meet local and corporate objectives and conform to the enterprise architecture

What is H. Architecture change management?

Establishing procedures for managing change to the architecture

What are the types of gateway and event

Event driven XOR and Timer

What is a view?

Expresses the architecture of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders to address specific concerns, using the conventions established by its viewpoints

What is the BSC financial perspective?

Focused on the business value created by the enterprise, entailing measures such as shareholder value

ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 Standard

Fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment, embodied in its elements, relationships and in the principles of its design and evolution

What is G. Implementation Governance?

Governing the implementation projects to conforms to the architecture

What are the two architecture methods and frameworks

IEEE 1471-2000/ISO/IEC 42010 Standard TOGAF framework

What is the architecture description lifecycle?

Idea - Whiteboard, napkin Design - formal models and analysis - visualization for stakeholders Use - link with implementation Management - maintenance, version control

How do enterprises adapt to change?

Identify trends proactively, evaluate the impact on the business, provide innovate solutions

What is E. Opportunities and solutions

Identifying major implementation projects and initial planning

What is architecture capability framework

It addresses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise

What is the enterprise continuum?

It comprises various reference models to illustrate how architectures are developed across continuum ranging from foundational architectures, through common system architectures and industry specific architectures, to an enterprises own individual architecture

What is the architecture content framework

It considers an overall enterprise architecture as composed of 4 closely interrelated architectures: Business architecture, data architecture, application architecture and technology architecture

What is a viewpoint

It defines how to construct and use a view which depicts the organizations structure in terms of its departments and roles

What does the TOGAF ADM include ?

It includes establishing an architecture framework, developing architecture content, transitioning, and the realization of the architecture

What is a start timer event

It indicates that an instance of the process is created at certain dates/times

What is TOGAF ADM

It is a process for developing architectures

What is a view

It is a way of looking at an architecture which addresses one or more concerns of the stakeholders

Is EA a product or process?

It is both

What is a intermediate timer event

It is triggered at certain dates/times, or after a time interval has elapsed since the moment the event is enabled

What is a start message event

It triggers a process by the receipt of a message when an incoming message flow is connected to the event

What is the BSC internal business processes perspective?

Looks at the effectiveness and efficiency of a company's internal operations, paying special attention to the primary, mission-oriented processes

What are the 3 layers of BSC?

Mission, objectives, measures

Characteristics of value creation

Newness Performance Customization Price Brand Convenience

What are the aspects of ArchiMate core framework?

Passive structure Behavior Active structure

What are the aspects of ArchiMate full framework?

Passive strucutre behavior active structure motivation

What are key resources

Physical resources, intellectual resources, Human resources, Financial resources

What is a message flow

Represents a flow of information or materials between two process parties (pools)

What are motivation elements?

Represents the context of or reason behind the architecture

What are the external attributes of ArchiMate

Service Interface

What are the layers of ArchiMate full framework?

Strategy Business Application Technology Physical Implementation & migration

What is the application layers services?

The application layer supports the business layer with applicationservices which are realized by (software) application components

What is active structural elements?

The business actors, application components, and devices that display actual behavior

What is the business layer services?

The business layer offers products and services to external customers, which are realized in the organization by business processes

Let us consider the order-to-cash process of a company called CoolIT that sells air conditioning systems. Which of the following is likely to be modeled as a pool?

The customer, A subcontractor of CoolIT

What is B. Business architecture ?

The development of the baseline and target business architecture based on architecture vision develop and analyze the gaps

What is D. Technology architecture

The development of the baseline and target technology architecture based on architecture vision develop and analyze the gaps

What is 1. preliminary phase

The preparation for the architecture project

What is architectural model?

The representation of the essence of an architecture in the unambiguous form

Syntax for sequence flow

The sequence flow cannot cross the boundaries of a pool

What is the technology layers services?

The technology layer offers infrastructural services (e.g., processing, storage, and communication services) needed to run applications, realized by computer and communication devices and system software.

Parts to a Business model canvas

Value proposition Key activities Key resources Customer segments Customer relationships Channels Key partners Cost structure Revenue streams

When does the OR-join Gateway proceed?

When one of the active branches have completed

If a task has two input arcs, it is the same as if the task was preceded by an:

XOR Join

Which type of gateway moves each token it receives in one of its input arcs to its output arc?

XOR Join

what is collective behavior?

a behavior performed by a collaboration of multiple structural elements

What is individual behavior?

a behavior performed by an individual structural element

What is service orientation ?

a layered view of enterprise models, where the service concept is one of the main linking pins between the different layers

What is a process?

a process represents a sequence of behaviors that achieves a specific result (A arrow)

What is a viewpoint?

a specification of the conventions for constructing, interpreting, using and analyzing one type of architecture view

What is the BSC learning and growing perspective?

addresses the corporate and individual ability to change and improve, which is critical to any knowledge intensive organization

How can EA be viewed as a product?

an architecture product is a collection of artifacts that document an architecture - it guides the managers, system developers

What are the layers of the ArchiMate core framework?

business application technology physical

Why do enterprises change

businesses need to transform based on the changing environment to remain competitive; any enterprise architecture should accommodate and facilitate change and agility

what is an external behavior element?

called a service, represents an explicitly defined exposed behavior

What is a service?

defines as a unit of functionality that some entity makes available to its environment, and which has some value for certain entities in the environment

Types of disruptive technologies

e-commerce, social networks, AI, machine learning, IoT, augmented reality, blockchain, electric cars

What is the BSC customer perspective?

how the enterprise should appear to its customers, with measures like customer satisfaction

What is passive structural elements ?

informational objects, physical objects

What is an external view?

it is for external users, only this external functionality, together with non functional aspects such as the quality of service costs. - they are accessible through interfaces, which constitutes the external view of the structural aspect

What is an External Drivers?

it is the regulatory authority necessary for companies to have a thorough insight into their structure and operations

what is F. Migration planning

planning to move from the baseline to the target architectures by finalizing a detailed implementation and migration plan

What is a function?

represents a collection of behavior based on specific criteria, such as required resources, competencies, or location (a arrow pointing up)

What is interaction?

represents a unit of collective behavior that must be performed by two or more internal active structure elements, either assigned directly or aggregated in a collaboration (A circle split in half)

What is collaboration?

represents an aggregate of two or more internal active structure elements, working together to perform some collective behavior (a venn diagram)

What is a passive structure element?

represents an element on which behavior is performed (Looks like a rectangle with a line at the top)

What is architecture?

the art and science of designing complex structures, an instrument to manage the complexity and to facilitate change

What is C. information systems architecture

the development of the baseline and target information systems architectures based on architecture vision develop and analyze the gaps

Can sequence flow and message flow cross the boundaries of a lane

yes it can