Jewish, Early Christian, and Byzantine Art 100%

This mosaic is an example of ___________ art . a. Early Byzantine c. Late Byzantine b. Middle Byzantine d. Jewish

a. Early Byzantine

Name and explain the meaning of each of the three Jewish symbols below.

#1: Menorah - It is a symbol of paradise and the end of exile for the Jewish people. #2: Ram's Horn - It was considered sacred and used during ceremonial occasions. #3: Citron - It symbolized prosperity and good fortune for harvest.

What was Christian art like before the Edict of Milan?

Before the Edict, Christian art was still made, but rarely seen. The most rare type of Christian art was sculpture since it was the hardest to hide. Most sculptures before the Edict were made of marble and depicted the Good Shepard (Christ). Christian artist would attempt to place images in works of art that would be symbolic to the Christian people, but would go unnoticed by pagans.

In what locations can Byzantine art be found?

Byzantine art can be found in Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, and Albania. Certain artistic traditions that originated in the Byzantine Empire, particularly in regard to icon painting and church architecture, are maintained in Greece, Cyprus, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day.

Describe Christian art after the Edict of Milan. List two examples of Christian art created after the Edict or during the Byzantine period.

Christian art most commonly depicted the Good Shepherd (Christ). Christian symbols, such as the cross were included in most works of art. Mosaics freely covered church walls, ceilings. Artists used bright colors and shading. Examples: Sarcophagus of the church of Santa Maria Antiqua Good Shepherd Rabbula Gospel Virgin of Vladimir The Old Testament Trinity.

Describe the art of the Early Byzantine period.

Early Byzantine art presented Christian stories and the Gospels through multi-leveled symbolism. Many church murals and mosaics were created. Most works of art were painted on sheets of vellum, which is a thick papyrus material. Artist most often use bright colors, although many have faded through the years.

Why do you think it was considered a disgrace to depict the crucifixion of Christ in early Christian art? Why do you think they changed to include these images again?

I think they changed to include these images again because they want everyone to feel like they belong some where.

Why did Christian art become publicly accepted during the third century?

In 313, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan granting all people in the Roman Empire freedom to worship whatever god they wished. Because Christians could worship freely, Christian art could now also be shown publicly.

Name and date this piece of ancient religious art. Describe its religious connection, color, and content.

This is a mosaic, entitled, The Transfiguration of Christ with Sant'Apollinare from 549 BCE. Its is a Christian composition. In the center is a cross, surrounded by sheep (God's people) and a shepherd (Christ). It tells the story of Christ transfiguration from man into messiah, as told by the gospels. The colors are vibrant and glorifying.

Name the painting displayed above. Describe its artistic characteristics and the subject matter.

This is entitled, The Old Testament Trinity. It shows the three angels who visited Abraham in the Old Testament. This painting shows the ideal geometry invented by artists during this time period for human forms. The geometric figures are simple and similar in features. The subjects' are elongated, meaning their necks and arms are long, and in general they are tall and slender. The composition of the figures is also geometric, for they are placed in a triangular form.

What is displayed in the picture above? Describe the subject matter and design included in this piece.

This is the Sarcophagus of the church of Santa Maria Antiqua. A sarcophagus is similar to a coffin. It is made of stone and is adorned with relief sculptures. The man in the middle of the relief is the teacher, and is suppose to symbolize Christ. He is baptizing a young boy, although because the pagans did not know this was happening, since they didn't understand what baptism was.

Which Jewish example of art is pictured above? Describe its artist elements and subject matter.

This is the Wall of Torah Niche. It depicts a story form the Jewish Torah (sacred scripture). The wall depicts common stories to the Jewish people. The artist has used strong outlines and flat colors.

Name this piece of art from the Middle Byzantine period. Describe the characteristics of art during this period.

This piece is entitled, Virgin of Vladimir. Art was visually powerful during the Middle Byzantine period. Much of the art reflected the strongly spiritual focus of the wealthy leadership. Artists painted icons of religious figures were thought to have miraculous powers. Also, the face of Christ has adult-like features, which was prevalent during this time period.

Which of the following is not true of Early Byzantine art? a. Artists relied on mathematical conventions to create ideal figures. b. The art was inspired by Christian stories and beliefs. c. Most examples were done on vellum and were very colorful. d. Art was presented the Christian story through multi-leveled symbolism.

a. Artists relied on mathematical conventions to create ideal figures.

Which is not true of the painting above? a. This piece of art was painted on vellum, which is a type of thin papyrus paper. b. The Virgin and Christ are painted to show wealth and leadership, although it is unlikely they were wealthy in reality. c. This is an example of how artists liked to paint icons along side religious figures during the Middle Byzantine period. d. This painting is entitled, Virgin of Vladimir.

a. This piece of art was painted on vellum, which is a type of thin papyrus paper.

In 313, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan granting ________________________ a. all people in the Roman Empire freedom to worship whatever god they wished. b. artists the freedom to sell and display their works through the entire Roman Empire. c. the Jewish people the right to live freely across the entire Roman Empire. d. all citizens of the Roman Empire the right to worship at multiple churches.

a. all people in the Roman Empire freedom to worship whatever god they wished.

This is a picture of a synagogue floor, which commonly displayed Jewish symbols of faith. What Jewish symbol is encircled on this floor? a. Menorah c. Cornucopia b. Ram's Horn d. Citron

b. Ram's Horn

This example of early Christian art contains Christian symbolism that was unrecognizable by pagans. What is the title of this example of art? a. The Rabbula Gospels b. Sarcophagus of the church of Santa Maria Antiqua c. The Sarcophagus of the Good Shepherd d. The Baptism of the Disciples

b. Sarcophagus of the church of Santa Maria Antiqua

Which of the following is not true of Christian art after the Edict of Milan? a. The art included Christian symbols, such as the cross and the Good Shepard. b. Mosaics freely covered church walls and ceilings. c. Sculptures rarer than paintings. d. Artists used bright colors and shading.

c. Sculptures rarer than paintings.

A Jewish house of prayer is called a _________________. a. menorah c. synagogue b. torah d. sarcophagus

c. synagogue

In this work of art, which of the following can be observed? a. The artist painted the figures with elongated necks, legs, and arms. b. The figures are placed in a triangular shape, as geometric conventions were common in art during this time period. c. This piece is intended to represent the Christian trinity. d. All of the above can be observed.

d. All of the above can be observed.

Before the Edict of Milan, Christian art ________________ a. could only be seen in the Christian Orthodox cathedrals. b. presented Christian stories through multi-leveled symbolism. c. reflected the strongly spiritual focus of the wealthy leadership. d. contained images of symbolic Christian people who would go unnoticed by pagans

d. contained images of symbolic Christian people who would go unnoticed by pagans