Journalism

What makes literary journalism different from early-twentieth-century models of "objective" journalism? A. Literary journalism focused on a "just the facts" approach, cutting out the extra descriptive details found in objective journalism. B. Literary journalism applied fiction writing techniques to nonfiction material, instead of being purely informational as in objective journalism. C. Literary journalism focused only on gossip while objective journalism focused only on news. D. Literary journalism believed in reporting on both sides of an argument, whereas objective journalism focused only on one opinion. E. None of the above options is correct.

B

Why did the public find it easy to believe that Orson Welles's broadcast of War of the Worlds was a real event? A. Newspapers also printed the story as true. B. It was done in the style of a real news broadcast. C. A sizable meteor really did hit New Jersey that day. D. The broadcast was never identified as fiction or a dramatization. E. All of the options are correct.

B

______ was a result of the Justice Department's attempts to break up monopolies within the film industry. A. Fin-syn B. The Paramount decision C. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 D. HUAC E. MPPA

B

Adolph Zukor formed the Famous Players Company in 1912 to ______. A. give young actors a start in movies B. exert control over movie production C. serve as an agent for established actors D. make exceptional movies with the best directors available E. None of the above options is correct.

C

By the end of the nineteenth century, crusading newspapers like the New York World had what kind of approach to women's rights? A. They were against them. B. They championed conservative values and the status quo. C. They hired women as reporters and crusaded for better conditions for women. D. They hired mostly women for management positions. E. None of the above options is correct.

C

Despite new technologies like personal MP3 players and music online, traditional radio continues to see billions of dollars in advertising money because ______. A. advertisers are accustomed to using radio and are slow to change B. advertisers like the music played on a particular radio station C. over 90 percent of American teenagers and adults listen to the radio in a given week D. advertisers are required by law to place a percentage of their ads on the radio waves E. None of the above options is correct.

C

Most of My Media presentations viewed in class have focused on advertisements that convey a(n) ______________ message? A. Comedic Relief B. Fear-arousing C. Inspiration and motivation D. Anger and frustration E. None, it's a commercial selling a product.

C

Smartphones, iPads, and other mobile devices used to watch videos are sometimes referred to as ______. A. first screens B. time shifting C. fourth screens D. off-network E. headends

C

The act that first emphasized that broadcasters did not own their channels but were granted licenses provided they operated in the "public interest, convenience, or necessity" was the A. Federal Communications Act of 1934 B. Radio Act of 1912 C. Radio Act of 1927 D. 1932 revocation of RCA's monopoly status E. None of the above options is correct.

C

The development of satellites in the 1970s ______. A. brought an end to the franchising frenzy B. encouraged competition between K-band and C-band technologies C. enabled premium channels like HBO to be born D. made the FCC instigate must-carry rules E. All of the options are correct.

C

The practice of recording shows and watching them later when it is more convenient is called ______. A. fin-syn B. viewer's choice C. time shifting D. stripping E. syndicating

C

What three companies controlled most of RCA when it was first a government-approved commercial monopoly in the early 1920s? A. NBC, GE, United Fruit B. AT&T, GE, Westinghouse C. GE, AT&T, American Marconi D. ABC, NBC, CBS E. AT&T, Clear Channel, CBS

C

Which of the following is a way cable channels have achieved success? A. Creating programs that target the largest possible mass audience B. Avoiding being "bundled" with other channels as part of a package deal C. Finding and catering to the needs of a niche audience with specific interests D. Emulating broadcast network programming E. None of the above options is correct.

C

Which of the following statements about the three traditional major broadcast networks (NBC, CBS, ABC) is true? A. Nobody watches them anymore. B. They are all owned by Rupert Murdoch and News Corp. C. They remain attractive business investments despite losing viewers to cable and other new technologies. D. They own all of the stations that carry their programming. E. None of the above options is correct.

C

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about television news is true? A. There have been relatively few changes to the television news industry since the start of the 24/7 cable news channels. B. From the very start of television, networks were concerned with keeping their news departments separate from big commercial sponsors like tobacco companies. C. ABC News was the first news program to be aired by a major television network. D. Since the 1960s, national polls have shown local television news is typically thought of as more trustworthy than newspapers. E. None of the above options is correct.

D

In the TV freeze of 1948-1952, ______. A. the FCC halted technological experiments in order to decide on a workable model for American color television B. a number of television stations froze new programming in order to make decisions about sponsorship issues and advertising C. advertisers boycotted television programming as a way of ensuring their own monopolies D. the FCC declared a freeze on new licenses because of concerns about frequency-interference problems E. the monopolies of a few television corporations prevented others from entering the field, putting a freeze on broadcasting competition

D

The Hollywood Ten are famous for ______. A. violating the film production code in the 1950s B. trying to pool patents and control the film industry C. being the leading film stars of the silent era D. refusing to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee E. giving up names of suspected communist sympathizers during the communist witch-hunts of the 1940s and 1950s

D

The telegraph was useless as a means of communicating between ships at sea or between ships and the shore because ______. A. its signal was too weak to travel across bodies of water B. the telegraph signal was distorted by the electromagnetic spectrum C. telegraph equipment was too cumbersome to be used aboard ship D. the telegraph required a wire cable connecting the sending and receiving stations E. All of the options are correct.

D

What is the difference between a common carrier and an electronic publisher? A. A common carrier may examine content before distributing it; an electronic publisher may not. B. A common carrier is not allowed to import any foreign programming; an electronic publisher may. C. A common carrier may not transmit video images; an electronic publisher can send both analog and digital images. D. A common carrier must offer at least part of its services on a first-come, first-served basis; an electronic publisher can pick and choose its channels. E. There is no difference between a common carrier and an electronic publisher.

D

When a studio engaged in block booking, it ______. A. opened a big-budget film in at least one thousand movie theaters across the United States B. hired an entire neighborhood or category of people to appear in a film C. guaranteed an exhibitor that a film would attract a minimum number of paying customers D. required exhibitors to book a large number of new or marginal pictures in order to get the movies they really wanted E. required movie actors to sign exclusive contracts

D

Besides providing community calendars and meeting notices, ______ newspapers mostly carry articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues. A. underground B. alternative C. conflict-oriented D. postmodern E. consensus-oriented

E

In an early attempt to monopolize the film industry, inventor Thomas Edison formed ______. A. The Motion Picture Monopoly of America B. General Electric C. The Edison Oligopoly Company D. Paramount Studios E. The Motion Picture Patents Company

E

The modern legacy of the style of journalism practiced by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst includes ______. A. investigative journalism or otherwise investigating stories in depth to expose corruption B. striving for objectivity in reporting C. supermarket tabloid headlines that include clearly fictional accounts as well as sensational and largely made up stories about celebrities D. Both A ("investigative journalism") and B ("striving for objectivity") are correct. E. Both A ("investigative journalism") and C ("supermarket tabloid headlines") are correct.

E

Which development was a consequence of the quiz-show scandal? A. The patent pool was declared a monopoly and dismantled. B. The networks couldn't keep control over programming, and the sponsors became the sole authority. C. Quiz-show hosts were no longer allowed to have stock in the company. D. Quiz-show contestants had to be vetted by the show's sponsors first. E. None of the above options is correct.

E

Which of the following statements about public broadcasting is true? A. It would have lost all funding from the government if the Senate hadn't killed a 2011 effort by a Republican-controlled House of Representatives. B. Public broadcasting hopes to increase corporate contributions with on-air promotional messages. C. One of its main missions continues to be providing educational children's programming. D. The bulk of the funding for public broadcasting comes from viewers, listeners, and corporations. E. All of the options are correct.

E

Which of the following statements about the inverted pyramid style is true? A. A story using this style typically begins with answering "who, what, when, and where." B. It serves as a quick and efficient way to organize a news story. C. It strives for a form of "objectivity" that is more likely to be accepted by people with different backgrounds and beliefs. D. It can lead to formulaic stories. E. All of the options are correct.

E

Which of the following statements about the news/talk/information radio format is true? A. From 1987 until 2014, the number of stations with this format rose from just under 200 to more than 2,000. B. It is more expensive to produce than a music format. C. It appeals to advertisers looking to target working- and middle-class adult consumers. D. It tends to appeal to listeners over thirty-five years old. E. All of the options are correct.

E

Although Hollywood movies may show actual consumer products, such as Pepsi-Cola or BMW automobiles, for the effect of realism, the studios may not receive any money or other compensation for showing those products.

false

Because of the role of the navy in early broadcast history, the United States today has a national broadcasting system both controlled and supervised by the government.

false

CNN showed an immediate profit and met with widespread cultural success when Ted Turner introduced it in 1980.

false

Competition among media meant that with the arrival of television, radio became obsolete.

false

During his lifetime, Nikola Tesla received much recognition for his wireless inventions.

false

FM radio was an immediate commercial success and made its inventor a rich and happy man.

false

Journalism is a scientific and objective method of communication.

false

Larger newspaper operations overall seem to be more financially stable than small-town newspapers.

false

Rating refers to the percentage of households watching a given show out of all households watching television at a given moment in time.

false

The Radio Act of 1927 created the Radio Corporation of America.

false

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 puts strict limits on the number of radio and TV stations any one company can own.

false

The nation's largest radio network is owned by telephone giant AT&T.

false

The success of Star Wars had no effect on the business strategies of major studios going forward.

false

The term yellow journalism originated from a New York newspaper in the late nineteenth century that was printed on yellow-toned paper stock.

false

Throughout radio's early history—from the 1920s through the 1940s—advertisers exercised very little control over program content.

false

With television capturing suburban audiences by the mid-1950s, movie producers made only family-friendly films to lure that audience back to theaters.

false

A communication satellite that is in geosynchronous orbit circles the earth at the same speed at which the earth revolves on its axis.

true

All six major Hollywood film studios today are owned and operated by U.S.-based corporations.

true

Cable systems in the United States are increasingly owned by fewer and fewer companies, called multiple-system operators.

true

Frederick Douglass's North Star was an antislavery paper published by a former slave.

true

Guglielmo Marconi is credited with creating FM radio.

true

Idahoan Philo Farnsworth is credited with transmitting the first TV picture electronically when he was only twenty-one years old.

true

In the landmark Midwest Video case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the cable industry was a form of electronic publishing with the same First Amendment rights as print magazines.

true

Internet radio stations are those that either stream or simulcast a version of their on-air signal over the Web, or create a station exclusive to the Internet.

true

Joseph Pulitzer's New York World sent star reporter Nellie Bly around the world in seventy-two days to beat the fictional "record" set in the popular Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days.

true

Network radio helped modernize America by deemphasizing local in favor of national programs.

true

Of all our mass media institutions, newspapers have played the leading role in sustaining democracy.

true

Payola is the practice of record promoters paying deejays to play certain songs on the air.

true

Politicians have threatened to cut government funding for public broadcasting.

true

The American Marconi Company had trouble developing as a business after World War I in part because the U.S.

true

The Birth of a Nation (1915) was very controversial when it premiered because of its glorification of the Ku Klux Klan.

true

The Titanic sank in 1912, resulting in the loss of about fifteen hundred lives; had it not been for radio, seven hundred additional lives would have been lost.

true

The first movie theaters were called nickelodeons, a name that indicated the cost of admission.

true

The quiz-show scandals of the 1950s provided the first indication that TV images could be manipulated.

true

As a new network, CBS was able to compete with NBC by ______. A. charging affiliates less for its programs B. paying affiliates to broadcast its programs C. being the first network to broadcast in high fidelity D. advertising its programs on billboards E. being the first to offer musical programs and quiz shows

B

The practice of interpretive journalism in the twentieth century got its first significant boost from ______. A. print journalism, which then passed the practice along to radio B. radio broadcasters who started developing commentary as part of their news in the 1930s C. the introduction of television D. a push for probing analysis in print journalism in the 1920s and 1930s E. None of the above options is correct.

B

The two publishers most associated with yellow journalism in the late 1800s were ______. A. Penn and Teller B. Pulitzer and Hearst C. Ochs and Pulitzer D. Hearst and Zukor E. Rowan and Martin

B

Which of the following eras of journalism best represents the historical arrival of newspapers as a mass medium? A. Penny press B. Partisan press C. Literary journalism D. Interpretive reporting E. None of the above options is correct.

A

Who launched United Artists? A. Mary Pickford B. Adolph Zukor C. Edwin S. Porter D. Thomas Edison E. None of the above options is correct.

A

In 1965, the FCC established must-carry rules, which ______. A. required cable operators to carry local TV broadcasts B. established technical standards for cable broadcasts, regulating the signals carried by cable systems C. blocked cable systems from bringing distant television stations into cities with local stations D. blocked cable operators from carrying local TV broadcasts E. None of the above options is correct.

A

Select the correct historical order among the following major eras in journalism history. A. Partisan journalism — penny press — yellow journalism — objective news B. Penny press — partisan journalism — objective news — yellow press C. Partisan journalism — objective news — penny press — yellow press D. Yellow press — penny press — partisan journalism — objective news E. Objective news — penny press — partisan journalism — yellow press

A

The most popular music format on U.S. radio today is ______. A. country B. contemporary hit radio C. urban contemporary D. top 40 E. adult contemporary

A

The transistor made radio receivers ______. A. portable B. expensive C. larger D. stereophonic E. disposable

A

Which of the following best sums up the advantages and disadvantages of FM radio versus AM? A. FM included less static, had better sound fidelity, but traveled for shorter distances. B. FM included less static, could travel longer distances, but had uneven results with pitch. C. FM was an older, cheaper technology but did better with stereo sound. D. FM was much better suited to the spoken voice because music sounded clearer on AM. E. None of the above options is correct.

A