KIN 346 - Quiz #5

In the Southeastern Conference, the most successful college football conference in the United States, the universities spent an average of $13,400 on each student, whereas for each football player they spent an average of about $20,000. $60,000. $120,000. $160,000.

$160,000.

Most research on college sports focuses on Division III schools. Junior colleges. Division II schools. Division I schools.

Division I schools.

Because budgeted operational expenses are not enough to maintain most high school sport programs. Money is raised in three additional ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Forming supportive booster clubs. Seeking corporate sponsorships. Establishing sport participation fees. Paying athletes to clean and maintain sport facilities.

Paying athletes to clean and maintain sport facilities.

When the football team at Northwestern University petitioned the National Labor Relations Board to form a union, which of the following was not one of their goals? To force the university to take player safety and head injuries more seriously. To limit the hours that coaches could make them practice each week. To have health insurance to cover football injuries after eligibility ends. To be paid "fair market value" based on the revenues they produce.

To be paid "fair market value" based on the revenues they produce.

A problem faced by African American athletes on college campuses is a feeling of isolation. Which of the following does NOT contribute to feelings of isolation? White students who lack experience in racially diverse groups. Too many campus activities focused on the interests of Latinos and Asians. Racial and athletic stereotypes used by some people on campus. Campus activities that don't represent the experiences of black students.

Too many campus activities focused on the interests of Latinos and Asians.

Data on Division I colleges and universities show that in 2012 women's sports received funding equal to the proportion of women in the student body as a whole. half of all operating expenses in the athletic departments. more than half of all money for coaches' salaries. about one-third of all money spent on athletic recruiting expenses.

about one-third of all money spent on athletic recruiting expenses.

Research indicates that "clustering" occurs when athletes in certain sports sit together in their classes. are over-represented in specific courses and majors. get the same grades even when taking different courses. join the same fraternities and go to the same parties.

are over-represented in specific courses and majors.

Financial information on big-time intercollegiate sport programs shows that they usually generate enough profits to support academic programs. lead wealthy alumni to give money to academic programs. are run as businesses but pay no taxes even when they show a profit. lose money only when they play in the same town as professional teams.

are run as businesses but pay no taxes even when they show a profit.

High school athletes today have been raised in a culture emphasizing self-improvement, growth, and achievement. This leads them to be demanding of coaches and seek individual support from athletic departments. quit playing a sport if they do not get their way. drop out of expensive club programs and seek free public high school programs. seek out schools known more for academic success than success in sports.

be demanding of coaches and seek individual support from athletic departments.

The concussion lawsuit that was filed in 2011 against the NCAA by former college athletes was settled in 2014. The case was settled in 2014 when the NCAA agreed to admit that they failed to inform athletes about the dangers of head injuries. establish a $70 million fund to provide neurological exams for former players. provide treatment for players who suffered concussions in their sports. faculty members from medical schools to teach athletes about head injuries.

establish a $70 million fund to provide neurological exams for former players.

Research suggests that future reforms must address problems related to the health of athletes and their academic achievement. growing separation between university culture and college sport culture. actions of faculty members insistent on undermining athletic departments. learning disabilities that prevent many athletes from succeeding in college.

growing separation between university culture and college sport culture.

When investigative journalists from Sports Illustrated studied events between 1999 and 2011 related to the football program at Oklahoma State University, they found that the academic support program there had tutors that regularly completed coursework for athletes. was in constant conflict with the head coach and his assistants. was funded by the academic affairs office rather than the athletic department. did a poor job of keeping athletes academically eligible.

had tutors that regularly completed coursework for athletes.

Participation rates in varsity high school sports since 1971 show that girls' participation now surpasses boys' participation. has increased but remains lower than boys' participation. is declining at the same rate as the decline in boys' participation. hit a peak in the 1980s and has declined over the past 30 years.

has increased but remains lower than boys' participation.

After reviewing research findings related to student popularity and sport participation, the author hypothesizes that in comparison with young men, young women in high school are less likely to view sports as an identity focal point in their lives. less likely to excel across social, academic, and athletic spheres in school. more likely to connect their sexuality and sexual identity with sport participation. gain more status and popularity from sport participation.

less likely to view sports as an identity focal point in their lives.

NCAA data on black female athletes in college sports indicate that Title IX benefits them more than it does white women. they do not experience social isolation like black men do. over 75-percent of black women athletes are in basketball or track. most black women are involved in rowing, golf, and lacrosse.

over 75-percent of black women athletes are in basketball or track.

Male athletes on intercollegiate teams are most likely to put their athletic and social lives ahead of academics when they are majoring in engineering or business. play on big-time, entertainment-oriented teams. come from wealthy families. are not on athletic scholarships.

play on big-time, entertainment-oriented teams.

Making a positive connection between playing college sports and achieving social and academic goals is most likely when athletes gradually develop anti-intellectual norms among themselves. are focused on developing future careers as professional athletes. form athlete organizations that subvert the authority of their coaches. receive social support for academic achievement and academic identities.

receive social support for academic achievement and academic identities.

The most logical explanation for academic differences between athletes and "non-athletes" in high school is that school sports attract students with certain characteristics. participation in school sports builds academic skills. it takes intelligence to play sports. sports help students focus on their studies.

school sports attract students with certain characteristics.

Much of the difference between athletes and other students in high school is due to selection-in and filtering-out processes. the teaching styles of coaches. the win-loss records of the teams on which athletes play. the superior physical health of the athletes.

selection-in and filtering-out processes.

An overemphasis on "sports development" in high school often leads athletes to try to develop competence in too many different sports. become too loyal to the school and its academic mission. specialize in one sport in a way that restricts overall development. become turned off to seeking excellence through sacrifice and hard work.

specialize in one sport in a way that restricts overall development.

Reforming big-time college sports to make them more academically relevant is difficult because coaches are not educators. university presidents have no power to change athletic departments. most college athletes are not interested in education. the athletic program is tied to many interests unrelated to education.

the athletic program is tied to many interests unrelated to education.

The median revenues and expenditures for the universities in each of the three Division I subdivisions shows that the schools with the highest profile football teams show the largest deficits. deficits are highest at schools without football teams. schools without football teams generate the highest revenues. schools with the highest profile teams have the lowest revenues.

the schools with the highest profile football teams show the largest deficits.

Among male athletes in big-time college sport programs, there is a tendency for athletic identities to be given a higher priority than academic identities because of the pressures that are put on them by parents and faculty. their inability to successfully do college level academic work. the social support they receive for athletic participation. the personality factors that are common to most athletes.

the social support they receive for athletic participation.

The most potentially disruptive lawsuit against the NCAA led to a 2014 ruling that the NCAA was anti-competitive and in violation of anti-trust law in the way that they compensated college athletes. In this ruling, a panel of judges requested that there must be a full analysis of the NCAA's use of the concept of amateurism to deny payments to athletes. media rights for the coverage of the Division I men's basketball tournament. salaries for its top executives. method of dividing all colleges and universities into three major divisions.

use of the concept of amateurism to deny payments to athletes.