KIN Ch. 4 & 5

Integument functions to

Temperature regulation Prevent water loss or gain Sensory reception

T or F cartilage and bone are supporting connective tissue

True

Dermis

Two layers (know these layers) Contains blood vessels Lines deep to the epidermis

Merocrine sweat glands

Utilize pore on skin surface Release sweat into duct More abundant in palms, feel and forehead

Extending from the hair follicle to dermal papillae are muscles called

arrector pili

The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are ______.

bulb, root, shaft

The reticular layer of the dermis is ______. Multiple choice question.

deep to the papillary layer

The reticular layer contains ______.

dense irregular connective tissue

The spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of _____, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together.

desmosomes

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______. Multiple choice question.

epidermal ridges

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

Most cells of the stratum spinosum are ______.

keratinocytes

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine, apocrine

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.

phagocytic

Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis.

phagocytosis

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins and lipids

serous membrane

reduces friction as organs move Found in pericardium

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______. Multiple choice question.

stratum basale

place the following layers of thin skin in order from superficial to deep.

stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale

The stratum granulosum is just superficial to the ______.

stratum spinosum

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.

sweat and sebaceous glands

where is the basal surface found

the basement membrane in between the epithelium and connective tissue.

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

Thin skin

Contains 4 strata Covers most of body Hair follicles

arrector pili muscles attach to hair follicle

Contraction and makes the hair stand up

T or F epithelial tissue is classified by the number of layers and location

False - # of layers and cell shape

Melanocytes

Produce pigment melanin in response to UV light exposure

Apocrine sweat gland

Release secretion into hair follicle

Flat, wide and an irregular shape describes which type of cell

Squamous

Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

What is the difference between smooth muscle and cardiac muscle tissue

Striations

There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.

avascular

The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.

collagen

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.

holocrine, sebum

apical surface

top surface of epithelial tissue can contain cilia and microvilli

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.

2

Epidermis and Dermis

2 layers of skin

How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum? Multiple choice question.

3-5

Structure of the nail

Appears pinkish bc we have capillaries underneath Apart of integumentary system

Structure of the hair

Arrector pili muscle Hair papilla Matrix Hair bulb Root (Know arrector pili muscle)

What is similar about smooth and cardiac muscle tissue

Both have short fibers and Involuntary control

T or F Skeletal muscle tissue has involuntary control

False

T or F The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissues

False (areolar connective tissues)

Loose connective tissue

Has more ground substance than fibers Known as body's packing material Found in spaces around organs

What of the following are characteristics of unicellular exocrine glands

Has no ducts Single cell Found in simple non-ciliated epithelium

Which describes the tissue type of the epidermis?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

An integument

Refers to the skin that covers the body Aka cutaneous membrane Accounts for 7-8% of total body weight Body's largest organ

simple squamous epithelium allows for ____

Exchange

T of F Simple epithelium has 2 or more layers

False

T or F The subcutaneous layer deep to the dermis is not considered part of the integument system

True

T or F integument (skin covering our body) is the body's largest organ

True

T or F mammary glands, pancreas, and salivary glands are multicellular exocrine glands

True

T or F neurons initiate and conduct electrical activity throughout the body

True

T or F the body has 4 types of tissue

True

Functions of the integument

protection, prevention of water loss/gain, metabolic regulation, secretion and absorption, immune function, temperature regulation, sensory reception

T or F Connective tissues acts to provide physical protection, framework, and binds structures

True

T or F Incisions across lines of cleavage heal slower

True

T or F Skin color is a result of hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene

True

The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______. Multiple choice question.

areolar and dense irregular

Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface

oily

Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer?

protection provides an energy reservoir protects the body

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin. Multiple choice question.

simple, coiled, tubular

Dermis has several layers

Know them

The ____ surface of epithelial cells are bound to each other by intercellular junctions

Lateral

What are The features and functions of epithelial tissue

Lines every body cavity surface and cavities Cellularity Avascularity

What structure is located on the apical surface of epithelial cells?

Microvilli and cilia

dense connective tissue

Mostly composed of collagen Tightly packed together Less ground substance

Thick skin (know the difference between thick and thin skin)

No hair follicles Has 5 layers Mostly in palms and soles of feet

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Sensitive to touch; release chemicals which stimulate sensory nerve endings

Stratum Basal (basal layer)

Single layer of cells, tightly attached to basement membrane

The integumentary system consists of what

Skin and it's derivatives (nails, hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands)

Keratinocytes

The most abundant cell type, produce keratin which intertwine to produce intermediate filaments within cytoskeleton that make the skin strong and water resistant

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Deep to the dermis and is not considered part of the integument system

Stratum basele contains (singe layer of cells attached to the basement membrane)

Keratinocytes (fibrous protein) Tactile (Merkel) Cells Melanocytes (pigment of melanin)

The stratum basal layer consists of three types of cells

Keratinocytes, melanocytes and tactile (merkel) cells