KIN Ch. 4 & 5
Integument functions to
Temperature regulation Prevent water loss or gain Sensory reception
T or F cartilage and bone are supporting connective tissue
True
Dermis
Two layers (know these layers) Contains blood vessels Lines deep to the epidermis
Merocrine sweat glands
Utilize pore on skin surface Release sweat into duct More abundant in palms, feel and forehead
Extending from the hair follicle to dermal papillae are muscles called
arrector pili
The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are ______.
bulb, root, shaft
The reticular layer of the dermis is ______. Multiple choice question.
deep to the papillary layer
The reticular layer contains ______.
dense irregular connective tissue
The spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of _____, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together.
desmosomes
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
eleidin
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______. Multiple choice question.
epidermal ridges
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
Most cells of the stratum spinosum are ______.
keratinocytes
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
merocrine sweat glands
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine, apocrine
The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.
papillary
Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.
phagocytic
Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis.
phagocytosis
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins and lipids
serous membrane
reduces friction as organs move Found in pericardium
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______. Multiple choice question.
stratum basale
place the following layers of thin skin in order from superficial to deep.
stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
The stratum granulosum is just superficial to the ______.
stratum spinosum
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.
sweat and sebaceous glands
where is the basal surface found
the basement membrane in between the epithelium and connective tissue.
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
thick skin
Thin skin
Contains 4 strata Covers most of body Hair follicles
arrector pili muscles attach to hair follicle
Contraction and makes the hair stand up
T or F epithelial tissue is classified by the number of layers and location
False - # of layers and cell shape
Melanocytes
Produce pigment melanin in response to UV light exposure
Apocrine sweat gland
Release secretion into hair follicle
Flat, wide and an irregular shape describes which type of cell
Squamous
Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
What is the difference between smooth muscle and cardiac muscle tissue
Striations
There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.
avascular
The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.
collagen
Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.
holocrine, sebum
apical surface
top surface of epithelial tissue can contain cilia and microvilli
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.
2
Epidermis and Dermis
2 layers of skin
How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum? Multiple choice question.
3-5
Structure of the nail
Appears pinkish bc we have capillaries underneath Apart of integumentary system
Structure of the hair
Arrector pili muscle Hair papilla Matrix Hair bulb Root (Know arrector pili muscle)
What is similar about smooth and cardiac muscle tissue
Both have short fibers and Involuntary control
T or F Skeletal muscle tissue has involuntary control
False
T or F The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissues
False (areolar connective tissues)
Loose connective tissue
Has more ground substance than fibers Known as body's packing material Found in spaces around organs
What of the following are characteristics of unicellular exocrine glands
Has no ducts Single cell Found in simple non-ciliated epithelium
Which describes the tissue type of the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
An integument
Refers to the skin that covers the body Aka cutaneous membrane Accounts for 7-8% of total body weight Body's largest organ
simple squamous epithelium allows for ____
Exchange
T of F Simple epithelium has 2 or more layers
False
T or F The subcutaneous layer deep to the dermis is not considered part of the integument system
True
T or F integument (skin covering our body) is the body's largest organ
True
T or F mammary glands, pancreas, and salivary glands are multicellular exocrine glands
True
T or F neurons initiate and conduct electrical activity throughout the body
True
T or F the body has 4 types of tissue
True
Functions of the integument
protection, prevention of water loss/gain, metabolic regulation, secretion and absorption, immune function, temperature regulation, sensory reception
T or F Connective tissues acts to provide physical protection, framework, and binds structures
True
T or F Incisions across lines of cleavage heal slower
True
T or F Skin color is a result of hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene
True
The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______. Multiple choice question.
areolar and dense irregular
Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface
oily
Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer?
protection provides an energy reservoir protects the body
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin. Multiple choice question.
simple, coiled, tubular
Dermis has several layers
Know them
The ____ surface of epithelial cells are bound to each other by intercellular junctions
Lateral
What are The features and functions of epithelial tissue
Lines every body cavity surface and cavities Cellularity Avascularity
What structure is located on the apical surface of epithelial cells?
Microvilli and cilia
dense connective tissue
Mostly composed of collagen Tightly packed together Less ground substance
Thick skin (know the difference between thick and thin skin)
No hair follicles Has 5 layers Mostly in palms and soles of feet
Tactile (Merkel) cells
Sensitive to touch; release chemicals which stimulate sensory nerve endings
Stratum Basal (basal layer)
Single layer of cells, tightly attached to basement membrane
The integumentary system consists of what
Skin and it's derivatives (nails, hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands)
Keratinocytes
The most abundant cell type, produce keratin which intertwine to produce intermediate filaments within cytoskeleton that make the skin strong and water resistant
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
Deep to the dermis and is not considered part of the integument system
Stratum basele contains (singe layer of cells attached to the basement membrane)
Keratinocytes (fibrous protein) Tactile (Merkel) Cells Melanocytes (pigment of melanin)
The stratum basal layer consists of three types of cells
Keratinocytes, melanocytes and tactile (merkel) cells