KINE 4000 Ch.14
Recent research has identified nine sources of sport self-confidence. These fit into which of the following categories?
- Climate (environment) - Self-regulation
The four-step process concerning the formation of coach expectations and their effects on the coach's and athlete's behavior signifies that
- Coaches should continually reevaluate an athlete's ability throughout the season - Coaches should carefully monitor their quantity and quality of reinforcement and instructional feedback
Which of the following is (are) true?
- Coaches spend more time with high-expectancy athletes - Coaches show more positive affect to high-expectancy athletes
If you want to avoid breaking down an individual's self-confidence,
- Don't criticize people for inconsequential errors - Don't use sarcasm to motivate people
Which of the following is (are) true?
- Low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower performances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time - Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of ability
According to the study by Nelson and Furst on arm wrestling and expectations,
- Objectively weaker subjects who expected to win, actually did win more often than stronger subjects who expected to lose - Expectations were a better predictor of success than actual strength was
Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in
- One's ability to execute physical skills - One's level of fitness - One's psychological skills
Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is (are) true?
- Self-efficacy affects effort expenditure and persistence - Self-efficacy is task specific
Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is (are) true?
- There is a reciprocal relationship between efficacy and behavior change - Efficacy changes are related to changes in exercise adherence - Exercise behavior can influence feeling of efficacy
Confidence can be improved by
- Thinking confidently - Acting confidently - Imagery
Self-efficacy theory was originated by
Albert Bandura
An injured athlete is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehabilitation and thus has a low sense of self-efficacy. This is an example of using which source of self-efficacy?
Emotional States
The probable reason that approximately a dozen runners broke the 4-minute barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their
Expectation that it could be done
Which of the following is (are) NOT a major source of self-efficacy?
Parental expectations
Coaching efficacy is composed of all of the following except
Playing experience
Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with the concept of
Self-confidence
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of confidence?
Visualization
Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the
belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior
According to Rosenthal and Jacobson's study on teacher expectancies and student performances,
children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the greatest gains in IQ
Which of the following is (are) FALSE?
coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation provided by Horn regarding expectations of coaches?
coaches should try to create a mastery-oriented environment
The relationship between confidence and performance is
curvilinear
Collective efficacy refers to
each individual's perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole
Research by Gould and his colleagues on setting up detailed plans as a way to increase confidence showed that
elite athletes had the most detailed plans
The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from
performance accomplishments
Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on
performance information and person cues
According to the latest thinking, self-efficacy is now called
self-regulatory efficacy
One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as
state self-confidence
The current view of sport self-confidence views this concept as
state-like or trait-like depending on the situation
Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of
vicarious experiences
Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sport found that teams of athletes having momentum
were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well