KINE 4000 Ch.14

Recent research has identified nine sources of sport self-confidence. These fit into which of the following categories?

- Climate (environment) - Self-regulation

The four-step process concerning the formation of coach expectations and their effects on the coach's and athlete's behavior signifies that

- Coaches should continually reevaluate an athlete's ability throughout the season - Coaches should carefully monitor their quantity and quality of reinforcement and instructional feedback

Which of the following is (are) true?

- Coaches spend more time with high-expectancy athletes - Coaches show more positive affect to high-expectancy athletes

If you want to avoid breaking down an individual's self-confidence,

- Don't criticize people for inconsequential errors - Don't use sarcasm to motivate people

Which of the following is (are) true?

- Low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower performances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time - Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of ability

According to the study by Nelson and Furst on arm wrestling and expectations,

- Objectively weaker subjects who expected to win, actually did win more often than stronger subjects who expected to lose - Expectations were a better predictor of success than actual strength was

Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in

- One's ability to execute physical skills - One's level of fitness - One's psychological skills

Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is (are) true?

- Self-efficacy affects effort expenditure and persistence - Self-efficacy is task specific

Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is (are) true?

- There is a reciprocal relationship between efficacy and behavior change - Efficacy changes are related to changes in exercise adherence - Exercise behavior can influence feeling of efficacy

Confidence can be improved by

- Thinking confidently - Acting confidently - Imagery

Self-efficacy theory was originated by

Albert Bandura

An injured athlete is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehabilitation and thus has a low sense of self-efficacy. This is an example of using which source of self-efficacy?

Emotional States

The probable reason that approximately a dozen runners broke the 4-minute barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their

Expectation that it could be done

Which of the following is (are) NOT a major source of self-efficacy?

Parental expectations

Coaching efficacy is composed of all of the following except

Playing experience

Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with the concept of

Self-confidence

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of confidence?

Visualization

Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the

belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior

According to Rosenthal and Jacobson's study on teacher expectancies and student performances,

children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the greatest gains in IQ

Which of the following is (are) FALSE?

coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation provided by Horn regarding expectations of coaches?

coaches should try to create a mastery-oriented environment

The relationship between confidence and performance is

curvilinear

Collective efficacy refers to

each individual's perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole

Research by Gould and his colleagues on setting up detailed plans as a way to increase confidence showed that

elite athletes had the most detailed plans

The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from

performance accomplishments

Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on

performance information and person cues

According to the latest thinking, self-efficacy is now called

self-regulatory efficacy

One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as

state self-confidence

The current view of sport self-confidence views this concept as

state-like or trait-like depending on the situation

Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of

vicarious experiences

Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sport found that teams of athletes having momentum

were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well