Kinesiology Anatomy Chapter 7 - Wrist and Hand
Wrist and Hand Bones
29 Bones Including radius and ulna, 8 carpal bones in 2 rows of 4 bones form wrist, 5 metacarpal bones, numbered 1 to 5 from thumb to little finger, join the wrist bones, 14 phalanges, 3 for each finger except thumb, which only has 2, thumb has a sesamoid bone in its flexor tendon, other sesamoids may occur in joints of fingers
Wrist Motion
70 to 90 degrees of flexion 65 to 85 degrees of extension 15 to 25 degrees of radial deviation 25 to 40 degrees of ulnar deviation
Carpal Bones
8, Proximal row from radial to ulnar side, Scaphoid(navicular), lunate, triquetrum, pisiform(sesamoid sits on triquetrum, palmar side) Distal row, from radial to ulnar side, Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Radial Deviation
Also known as wrist abduction, Movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral or radial side of forearm
Ulnar Deviation
Also known as wrist adduction, Movement little finger side of hand toward medial or ulnar side of forearm
Bony Landmarks for Muscles Involved in Wrist Motion
Base of 2nd, 3rd, and 5th metacarpals, pisiform, and hamate
Bony Landmarks for Finger Muscles
Base of proximal, middle, and distal phalanxes, base of 1st metacarpal, proximal and distal phalanxes of thumb
Thumb Opposition
Bring thumb across palm
Thumb Abduction
Bring thumb away from index finger
Thumb Extension
Bring thumb backward, sagittal plane movement from anatomical position
Thumb Flexion
Bring thumb forward, sagittal plane movement from anatomical position
Thumb Adduction
Bring thumb toward index finger
Finger Adduction
Bringing fingers together
Arches
Capral bones form a three-sided arch, concave on palmar side, bony arch is spanned by transverse carpal and volar carpal ligaments, Create the carpal tunnel, frequently a source of problems known as carpal tunnel syndrome
Metacarpophalangeal(MCP) Joints
Condyloid 0 to 45 degrees of extension 85 to 100 degrees of flexion
Finger Flexion
Curling fingers to make a fist
Finger Movements
Flexion, Extenion, Abduction, Adduction
Thumb Movements
Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Opposition, Reposition
Wrist Movements
Flexion, Extension, Radial Deviation, Ulnar Deviation
Wrist Flexors
Generally have their origins on anteromedial aspect of proximal forearm and medial epicondyle with insertions on anterior aspect of wrist and hand
Wrist Extensors
Generally have their origins on posterolateral of proximal forearm and lateral epicondyle with insertions located on posterior aspect of wrist and hand
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint of Thumb
Ginglymus 0 degrees of extension 40 to 90 degrees of flexion
Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joints
Ginglymus 0 degrees of extension 80 to 90 degrees of flexion
Interphalangeal (IP) Joint of Thumb
Ginglymus 0 degrees of extension 80 to 90 degrees of flexion
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joints
Ginglymus 0 degrees of extension 90 to 120 degrees of flexion
Humerus Bony Landmarks
Medial epicondyle origin for many wrist and finger flexors, Lateral epicondyle origin for many wrist and finger extensors
Wrist Joint
Most motion occurs between distal radius and proximal carpals
Wrist Extension
Movement of back of hand toward posterior or dorsal aspect of forearm
Wrist Flexion
Movement of palm toward anterior or volar aspect of forearm
Thenar Eminence
Muscular Pad on Palmar Surface of 1st MC
Hypothenar Eminence
Muscular Pad that Forms Ulnar Border on Palmar Surface
The Wrist and Hand Joints
Normal daily activities require optimal function of upper extremity, wrist, hand and finger motions dictated to some degree of function of elbow and shoulder, need shoulder and elbow to position wrist and hand for functional activities, minor injuries to finger/hand/wrist can impact normal function for life
Thumb Reposition
Return thumb to anatomical position
Carpal Bones Mnemonic
Some Lovers Try Postitions That They Can't Handle
Finger Abduction
Spreading fingers apart
Finger Extension
Straightening fingers
Finger Joint
Thumb has 2 joints(Metacarpophalangeal joint and Interphalangeal joint) Each finger has 3 joints(Metacarpophalangeal joints, Proximal Interphalangeal joints, Distal Interphalangeal joints)
Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint of Thumb
Unique saddle-type joint(sellar) 50 to 70 degrees of abduction 15 to 45 degrees of flexion 0 to 20 degrees of extension