Kinesiology Ch. 19 Knee Joint

What are the two main sets of ligaments that hold the knee together?

cruciate and collateral

The quadriceps muscles are comprised of __________ muscles that cross the anterior surface of the knee.

four

The collateral ligaments supply stability in the ________ plane.

frontal

The ________ muscle is a two-joint muscle that crosses the knee and the ankle.

gastrocnemius

Due to some ligament laxity, the knee may have a few degrees of hyperextension beyond 0; beyond 5 degrees of hyperextension is considered ______________.

genu recurvatum (a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards)

Three muscles that are known collectively as the ___________ muscles cover the posterior thigh.

hamstring

Located on the superior surface of the tibia, the _________ and _________ are two half-moon, wedge-shaped fibrocartilage disks. They are designed to absorb shock.

medial and lateral menisci (plural of meniscus)

The knee has _______ types of end feel.

two

Located deep to the rectus femoris muscle is the ______________ muscle.

vastus intermedialis

The ________ muscle is located lateral to the rectus femoris muscle. It originates from the linea aspera of the femur and spans the thigh laterally to join the other quadriceps muscles at the patella.

vastus lateralis

The _________ muscle also comes from the linea aspera, but it spans the thigh medially.

vastus medialis

The __________ ligaments provides medial stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the lateral side of the knee (valgus force).

medial collateral

The ______________, or tibial collateral ligament, is a flat, broad ligament attaching to the medial condyles of the femur and tibia. Fibers of the medial meniscus are attached to this ligament, which contributes to frequent tearing of the medial meniscus during excessive stress to the medial collateral ligament.

medial collateral ligament

The knee joint is supported and maintained entirely by what?

muscles and ligaments with no bony stability.

The _________ is a triangular sesamoid bone within the quadriceps muscle tendon. It has a broad, superior border and a somewhat pointed distal portion.

patella

All four quadriceps muscles attach to the base of the patella and the tibial tuberosity via the _____________.

patellar tendon

The articulation between the femur and patella is referred to as the ______________.

patellofemoral joint

The _____________ is the area behind the knee, and it contains important nerves (tibial and common fibular) and blood vessels (popliteal artery and vein).

popliteal space

What is the end feel with knee flexion?

soft (soft tissue approximation)

What type of joint is the knee?

synovial hinge joint

What is the knee composed of?

the distal end of the femur articulating with the proximal end of the tibia

Is the fibula part of the knee joint?

No, because it does not articulate with the femur

What is the angle between the quadriceps muscle (primarily the rectus femoris muscle) and the patella tendon called?

Q angle or patellofemoral angle

What does cruciate mean in Latin?

"resembling a cross"

Both the vastus lateralis and medialis _____________ the femur on their respective sides.

"wrap around"

From 0 degrees of extension, there is approximately _______________ degrees of flexion.

120 to 135

How many bursae are in the knee?

13

What types of arthrokinetmatic motions are used in the knee?

All three (glide, spin, and roll)

Unlike the elbow, the knee joint is not a true hinge, because it has a rotational component. This rotation is not a free motion but rather an ________________ that accompanies flexion and extension.

accessory motion

The ____________ attaches to the anterior surface of the tibia in the intercondylar area just medial to the medial meniscus.

anterior cruciate ligament

The ____________ muscle has two heads and runs laterally down the thigh on the posterior side. The long head arises with the other two hamstring muscles on the ischial tuberosity.

biceps femoris

The ___________ is the most posterior of the tarsal bones and is commonly known as the heel. It provides attachment for the gastrocnemius muscle.

calcaneus

Which ligaments are located on the sides of the knee?

collateral

The ________ is lateral to, and smaller than, the tibia. It is set back from the anterior surface of the tibia, allowing a large space for muscle attachment.

fibula

What is the end feel with knee extension?

firm (soft tissue stretch) due to tension of the joint capsule and ligaments

What motions are possible at the knee?

flexion and extension

The cruciates are located within the joint capsule and are therefore called __________. Situated between the medial and lateral condyles, the cruciates cross each other obliquely.

intracapsular ligaments

The knee joint is the ________ joint in the body.

largest

The _________ ligament provides lateral stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the medial-to-lateral side of the knee (varus force).

lateral collateral

What are the ligaments called on the lateral side of the knee?

lateral collateral or fibular collateral ligaments

The _________ muscle is a one-joint muscle located posteriorly at the knee in the popliteal space, deep to the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. It originates on the lateral side of the lateral condyle of the femur and crosses the knee posteriorly at an oblique angle to insert medially on the posterior proximal tibia.

popliteus

The ____________ attaches to the posterior tibia in the intercondylar area, and it runs in a superior and anterior direction on the medial side of the anterior cruciate ligament.

posterior cruciate ligament

The ___________ muscle is the only quadriceps muscle that crosses the hip.

rectus femoris

What are the four muscles that make up the quadriceps?

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis

What is the purpose of bursa?

reduce friction

The pes anserine (Latine for "goose foot") muscle group is made up of what muscles?

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

The ___________ muscle runs down the medial side of the thigh deep to the semitendinosus muscle and inserts on the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia.

semimembranosus

What are the three muscles that make up the hamstrings?

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

The __________ muscle has a much longer and narrower distal tendon that moves anteriorly after spanning the knee joint posteriorly. It attaches to the anteromedial surface of the tibia with the gracilis and sartorius muscles.

semitendinosus