Kinesiology Final Exam

during a concentric muscle contraction, which segment of a sarcomere does not change length

a band

what is circumduction

a combination of movements in two planes

in which of the following actions will the biceps brachii be most active

a pull up with the forearms supinated

the scapulathroacic motion that usually accompanies glenohumeral horizontal addcution is

abduction

which of the following is an action of the pect maj muscle at the scapula

abduction

the clavical joins the scapula at the ____ joint

acromioclavicular

___________ occurs when an antagonistic muscle becomes shortened to the point at which it can no longer shorten and allow movement

active insufficiency

what type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord

afferent

the spsphysis is formed from

all the above cancellous muscle spongy bone trabecular bone

slightly movable joint are called

amphiarthrodial

the ligament that forms a ring within which the radial head rotates is called the

annular

the ligament that forms a ring within which the radial head rotates is called the _____ ligament

annular

the prime movers in flexion of the shoulder joint against resistance are the

anterior deltiod and upper pect major

which of the following movements occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis

arm action in performing a chest fly exercise

where are movement patterns remembered

basal ganglia

which of the following muscles inserts at the styloid process of the radius

brachioradialis

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and the _________

central and peripheral

the portion of the central nervous system that is at the level of control and provides for the creation of voluntary movement aggregate muscle action, but not as specific muscle activity is the

cerebellum

where does a gymnast initiate the contraction of the many muscles involved in performing a roll

cerebral cortex

which of the following joint types do not have motion in the transverse plane

condyloid

which is not a prime mover in flexion of the elbow

coracobrachialis

which of the following does not flex the forearm at the elbow

coracobrachialis

all freely moveable joints are classified as

diarthrodial

nerves that carry impulses to the outlying regions of the body from the CNS are known as

efferent

an example of a hinge joint would be the

elbow

which joint in not capable of movement in the transverse plane

elbow/ radioulnar and humeroulnar

the upper portion of the traps produces ______ of the scapula

elevation

in order to lift your hands as high as possible and directly superior to your head, what must be the motion in the scapula

elevation, upward rotation

which of the following is the primary action of the posterior fibers of the deltiod muscles

extension

an action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres maj, and lower pect is

external rotation

which of the following is the primary function of the teres minor muscle

external rotation

thin and broad muscles originating from broad, fibrous, sheet like aponeuroses are known as

flat

to best palpate the biceps brachii you would position the elbow in ___ and _____ against resistance

flexion, supination

which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist

flexor carpi radialis

which grouping of muscles would contribute most at the hand to gripping a tennis racquet

flexor digitorium superficialis, extensor digitorium

which does not originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

flexor pollicis longus

which is not innervated by the median nerve

flexor pollicis longus

which of the following joint types do not have motion in the frontal plane

ginglymus

The humerus articulation with the glenoid fossa is deepened and stabilized further by the

glenoid labrum

an instrument used to measure the range of motion in a joint is known as an

goniometer

the radioulnar joint in a

hinge joint

during an eccentric contraction what happens to the size of h zone

increases

which of the following is a muscle of the rotator cuff group

infraspinatus

an _____ contraction occurs when tension is developed in the muscles but the length does not change

isometric

what type of action involves a muscle contracting without causing any movement in the associated limbs

isometric

ligaments act to

join bone to bone

which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane and around the sagittal axis

jumping jack exercises

which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane around the AP axis

jumping jack exercises

which of the following joints do not have motion in the frontal plane

knee

the ________ plane divides the body into a front and back half

lateral

when the hip is fully flexed the rectus femoris is ______ likely to work during knee extension

less

the ulna is on the ____ side of the hand

little finger

if a soccer player run and kicks a ball across the field, the act of kicking the ball likely takes place in

low diagonal

The tibia is _______ to the fibula

medial

which of the following is an insertion of the pect major muscle

medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

which muscle supports the arm in a static position of 90 degrees of abduction

middle deltoid

what is the primary reason why there is greater range of motion possible in the upper extremities than in the lower

more freely moveable girdle

which myofilament is surrounded by many globular heads

myosin

what is a muscle that eliminates undesired muscle action called

neutralizer

new bone is formed by specialized cells known as

osteoblasts

two major types of fiber arrangements that essentially all skeletal muscles may be grouped into

parallel and pennate

the prime movers of the scapula in abduction of the shoulder girdle are the

pect major and serratus anterior

the radioulnar joint is a ___ joint

pivot

An imaginary two dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved is known as

plane of motion

the effectiveness of the biceps brachii in flexing the elbow is reduced most when the forearm is in

pronation

in a tennis stroke, strong forearm pronation is used to give top spin to the ball which are the prime movers for this

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

the insertion of the biceps brachii

radial tuberosity

which bone in the forearm forms a major part of the elbow joint

radius

which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle

receiving stimuli from increased muscle length

what are two mechanisms the body uses to regulate the strength of muscle contractions

recruit more motor units and increase firing rate

which of the following is not a structure associated with the shoulder joint

ribs

which plane divides the body into right and left halves

sagittal

concentric contractions of the rhombiod major and minor directly act on the

scapula

in which of the following actions does the supraspinatus act as a prime mover

shoulder abduction

What is the primary action of the anterior deltoid

shoulder flexion

circular muscles which surround openings and function to close them upon contraction are known as

sphincter

which of the following illustrates concentric muscle contraction

stepping up on a bench

during a shoudler shrug exercise, most of the motion occurs at the _____ synovial joints

sternoclavicualar

spindle shaped muscles with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end are known as

strap

which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint originate most anteriorly on the scapula

subscapularis

which is not an action of the biceps brachii

supination of forearm

the ______ of the rotary cuff is attached to greater tubercle from above

supraspinatus

the _______ of the rotary cuff is attached to greater tubercle from above

supraspinatus

the rotator cuff is composed of the subscapularis, supraspinatus , infraspinatus and the

teres minor

the rotator cuff is composed of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the

teres minor

which of the following does not describe concentric muscle action

the force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance

the epiphyseal plate is

the growth area of the long bones

how is the glenoid fossa reoriented to increase range of motion

through action of the scapula

the insertion of the ______ muscle is the olecrannon process of ulna

triceps brachii

which if the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the phase of the pushup

triceps brachii

which of the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the up phase of the push up

triceps brachii

which are the active muscles at the elbow during the down phase of the pull up

triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

which of the following joint types is the radio ulnar joint

trochoid

which of the following joints or joint types do not have motion in the sagittal plane

trochoid

ulnar flexion is movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the arm

true

which bone of the forearm forms a major part of the elbow joint (hinge)

ulna

tommy john surgery is used to repair the

ulnar collateral ligament

the scapulothroasic motion that usually accompanies glenohumeral abduction is

upward rotation

which of the following is an example of an irregular bone

vertebra