Kinesiology Final Exam
during a concentric muscle contraction, which segment of a sarcomere does not change length
a band
what is circumduction
a combination of movements in two planes
in which of the following actions will the biceps brachii be most active
a pull up with the forearms supinated
the scapulathroacic motion that usually accompanies glenohumeral horizontal addcution is
abduction
which of the following is an action of the pect maj muscle at the scapula
abduction
the clavical joins the scapula at the ____ joint
acromioclavicular
___________ occurs when an antagonistic muscle becomes shortened to the point at which it can no longer shorten and allow movement
active insufficiency
what type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord
afferent
the spsphysis is formed from
all the above cancellous muscle spongy bone trabecular bone
slightly movable joint are called
amphiarthrodial
the ligament that forms a ring within which the radial head rotates is called the
annular
the ligament that forms a ring within which the radial head rotates is called the _____ ligament
annular
the prime movers in flexion of the shoulder joint against resistance are the
anterior deltiod and upper pect major
which of the following movements occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis
arm action in performing a chest fly exercise
where are movement patterns remembered
basal ganglia
which of the following muscles inserts at the styloid process of the radius
brachioradialis
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and the _________
central and peripheral
the portion of the central nervous system that is at the level of control and provides for the creation of voluntary movement aggregate muscle action, but not as specific muscle activity is the
cerebellum
where does a gymnast initiate the contraction of the many muscles involved in performing a roll
cerebral cortex
which of the following joint types do not have motion in the transverse plane
condyloid
which is not a prime mover in flexion of the elbow
coracobrachialis
which of the following does not flex the forearm at the elbow
coracobrachialis
all freely moveable joints are classified as
diarthrodial
nerves that carry impulses to the outlying regions of the body from the CNS are known as
efferent
an example of a hinge joint would be the
elbow
which joint in not capable of movement in the transverse plane
elbow/ radioulnar and humeroulnar
the upper portion of the traps produces ______ of the scapula
elevation
in order to lift your hands as high as possible and directly superior to your head, what must be the motion in the scapula
elevation, upward rotation
which of the following is the primary action of the posterior fibers of the deltiod muscles
extension
an action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres maj, and lower pect is
external rotation
which of the following is the primary function of the teres minor muscle
external rotation
thin and broad muscles originating from broad, fibrous, sheet like aponeuroses are known as
flat
to best palpate the biceps brachii you would position the elbow in ___ and _____ against resistance
flexion, supination
which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist
flexor carpi radialis
which grouping of muscles would contribute most at the hand to gripping a tennis racquet
flexor digitorium superficialis, extensor digitorium
which does not originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus
flexor pollicis longus
which is not innervated by the median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
which of the following joint types do not have motion in the frontal plane
ginglymus
The humerus articulation with the glenoid fossa is deepened and stabilized further by the
glenoid labrum
an instrument used to measure the range of motion in a joint is known as an
goniometer
the radioulnar joint in a
hinge joint
during an eccentric contraction what happens to the size of h zone
increases
which of the following is a muscle of the rotator cuff group
infraspinatus
an _____ contraction occurs when tension is developed in the muscles but the length does not change
isometric
what type of action involves a muscle contracting without causing any movement in the associated limbs
isometric
ligaments act to
join bone to bone
which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane and around the sagittal axis
jumping jack exercises
which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane around the AP axis
jumping jack exercises
which of the following joints do not have motion in the frontal plane
knee
the ________ plane divides the body into a front and back half
lateral
when the hip is fully flexed the rectus femoris is ______ likely to work during knee extension
less
the ulna is on the ____ side of the hand
little finger
if a soccer player run and kicks a ball across the field, the act of kicking the ball likely takes place in
low diagonal
The tibia is _______ to the fibula
medial
which of the following is an insertion of the pect major muscle
medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
which muscle supports the arm in a static position of 90 degrees of abduction
middle deltoid
what is the primary reason why there is greater range of motion possible in the upper extremities than in the lower
more freely moveable girdle
which myofilament is surrounded by many globular heads
myosin
what is a muscle that eliminates undesired muscle action called
neutralizer
new bone is formed by specialized cells known as
osteoblasts
two major types of fiber arrangements that essentially all skeletal muscles may be grouped into
parallel and pennate
the prime movers of the scapula in abduction of the shoulder girdle are the
pect major and serratus anterior
the radioulnar joint is a ___ joint
pivot
An imaginary two dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved is known as
plane of motion
the effectiveness of the biceps brachii in flexing the elbow is reduced most when the forearm is in
pronation
in a tennis stroke, strong forearm pronation is used to give top spin to the ball which are the prime movers for this
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
the insertion of the biceps brachii
radial tuberosity
which bone in the forearm forms a major part of the elbow joint
radius
which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle
receiving stimuli from increased muscle length
what are two mechanisms the body uses to regulate the strength of muscle contractions
recruit more motor units and increase firing rate
which of the following is not a structure associated with the shoulder joint
ribs
which plane divides the body into right and left halves
sagittal
concentric contractions of the rhombiod major and minor directly act on the
scapula
in which of the following actions does the supraspinatus act as a prime mover
shoulder abduction
What is the primary action of the anterior deltoid
shoulder flexion
circular muscles which surround openings and function to close them upon contraction are known as
sphincter
which of the following illustrates concentric muscle contraction
stepping up on a bench
during a shoudler shrug exercise, most of the motion occurs at the _____ synovial joints
sternoclavicualar
spindle shaped muscles with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end are known as
strap
which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint originate most anteriorly on the scapula
subscapularis
which is not an action of the biceps brachii
supination of forearm
the ______ of the rotary cuff is attached to greater tubercle from above
supraspinatus
the _______ of the rotary cuff is attached to greater tubercle from above
supraspinatus
the rotator cuff is composed of the subscapularis, supraspinatus , infraspinatus and the
teres minor
the rotator cuff is composed of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the
teres minor
which of the following does not describe concentric muscle action
the force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance
the epiphyseal plate is
the growth area of the long bones
how is the glenoid fossa reoriented to increase range of motion
through action of the scapula
the insertion of the ______ muscle is the olecrannon process of ulna
triceps brachii
which if the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the phase of the pushup
triceps brachii
which of the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the up phase of the push up
triceps brachii
which are the active muscles at the elbow during the down phase of the pull up
triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
which of the following joint types is the radio ulnar joint
trochoid
which of the following joints or joint types do not have motion in the sagittal plane
trochoid
ulnar flexion is movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the arm
true
which bone of the forearm forms a major part of the elbow joint (hinge)
ulna
tommy john surgery is used to repair the
ulnar collateral ligament
the scapulothroasic motion that usually accompanies glenohumeral abduction is
upward rotation
which of the following is an example of an irregular bone
vertebra