Kinicki Chapter 4

Perception

A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

Diversity Climate

A subcomponent of an organization's overall climate and is defined as the employees' aggregate "perceptions about the organization's diversity-related formal structure characteristics and informal values"

Affirmative Action

An artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past

Cognitive Categories

By category we mean a number of objects that are considered equivalent

Distinctiveness

Compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks

Consensus

Compares an individual's behavior with that of his or her peers

Stereotype

Individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group

Consistency

Judges if the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time

Person Memory

Memory compartment supply information about a single individual (your professor) or groups of people (professors).

Semantic Memory

Memory that refers to general knowledge about the world, as a kind of mental of dictionary of concepts.

Discrimination

Occurs when employment decisions about an individual are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job.

Fundamental Attribution Bias

Reflects one's tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors

Psychological Safety

Reflects the extent to which people feel safe to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences

Simplification

Relying on encoding helps us to simplify what might be a bewildering range of inputs.

Schema

Represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus

Implicit Cognition

Represents any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness

Self-serving bias

Represents one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failures

Salient Stimuli

Something that stands out from its context.

Selective Attention/Comprehension

Stage 1 of Social Perception

Encoding and Simplification

Stage 2 of Social Perception

Storage and Retention

Stage 3 of Social Perception

Retrieval and Response

Stage 4 of Social Perception

Casual Attributions

Suspected or inferred causes of behavior

Attention

The process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone

Event Memory

These memories describe appropriate sequences of events in well-known situations.

Surface-Level Characteristics

Those that are quickly apparent to interactants, such as race, gender, and age

Deep-Level Characteristics

Those that take time to emerge in interactions, such as attitudes, opinions, and values.

Encoding

Used to interpret and evaluate our environment, using schemata and cognitive categories.