Kinicki Chapter 4
Perception
A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings
Diversity Climate
A subcomponent of an organization's overall climate and is defined as the employees' aggregate "perceptions about the organization's diversity-related formal structure characteristics and informal values"
Affirmative Action
An artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past
Cognitive Categories
By category we mean a number of objects that are considered equivalent
Distinctiveness
Compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks
Consensus
Compares an individual's behavior with that of his or her peers
Stereotype
Individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group
Consistency
Judges if the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time
Person Memory
Memory compartment supply information about a single individual (your professor) or groups of people (professors).
Semantic Memory
Memory that refers to general knowledge about the world, as a kind of mental of dictionary of concepts.
Discrimination
Occurs when employment decisions about an individual are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job.
Fundamental Attribution Bias
Reflects one's tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors
Psychological Safety
Reflects the extent to which people feel safe to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences
Simplification
Relying on encoding helps us to simplify what might be a bewildering range of inputs.
Schema
Represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus
Implicit Cognition
Represents any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness
Self-serving bias
Represents one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failures
Salient Stimuli
Something that stands out from its context.
Selective Attention/Comprehension
Stage 1 of Social Perception
Encoding and Simplification
Stage 2 of Social Perception
Storage and Retention
Stage 3 of Social Perception
Retrieval and Response
Stage 4 of Social Perception
Casual Attributions
Suspected or inferred causes of behavior
Attention
The process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone
Event Memory
These memories describe appropriate sequences of events in well-known situations.
Surface-Level Characteristics
Those that are quickly apparent to interactants, such as race, gender, and age
Deep-Level Characteristics
Those that take time to emerge in interactions, such as attitudes, opinions, and values.
Encoding
Used to interpret and evaluate our environment, using schemata and cognitive categories.
