KINS 2531 LU IV Test

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word or phrase into the correct position. Then, place the sentences in order from superficial to deep

1. The STRATUM CORNEUM is made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate2. The next layer is the STRATUM LUCIDUM, which is present only on the soles of the feet, hands, fingers and toes3. The STRATUM GRANULOSUM is named for the presence of dark staining keratohyalin granules, which bind the cytoskeletal keratin filaments together4. Towards the apical surface, in the STRATUM SPINOSUM, the keratinocytes cease cell division, while at the deeper regions, they can still undergo mitosis5. Comprised of viable, cuboidal and columnar cells, the STRATUM BASEALE contains the keratinocyte stem cells that replenish the exfoliated cells at the surface

Describing the Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct, then place each sentence into a logical paragraph order describing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

1.CSF is secreted by the chroid plexus and flows into each lateral ventricle. 2. CSF then flows down the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle. 3. CSF then flows out two lateral apertures or one median aperture. 4. CSF fills the subarachnoid space and bathes external surfaces of brain and spinal cord. 5. At arachnoid villi, CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood of dural venous sinuses.

Sebaceous glands (shown here) secrete a product called sebum. What is sebum?

An oily substance that helps moisturize the skin and hair

In an adult, the spinal cord ends at which vertebra?

Between L1 and L2

How does the structure of the reticular dermis relate to its functional properties?

Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers help the skin withstand stretching in many different directions.

Common Misconceptions About Hair and Nails Four of the five statements below are common misconceptions about hair and fingernails. Which one is true?

Each scalp hair can grow for several years before falling out.

Why are the cells in the stratum corneum dead?

Epidermal cells die as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis.

What are meninges?

Fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the central nervous system

Describing Accommodation in the Lens Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct, then place each sentence into a logical paragraph order.

In the emmetropic eye, the ciliary muscle is relaxed. This will put tension on the suspensory ligament and flatten the lens. Oppositely, in accommodation, the ciliary muscle contracts This action reduces tension on the suspensory ligament. This results in the lens forming a convex shape.

What are the three pairs of funiculi in the spinal cord?

Posterior, lateral, anterior

Sequencing the Events Associated with Light Exposure on the Retina Put the following events in order to describe the effects of light exposure on the retina. Start with rhodopsin absorbing light, and finish with ganglion cells firing action potentials

Rhodopsin absorbs light Cis-retinal isomerizes to trans-retinal Opsin triggers signaling cascade in outer segment of rod cells Glutamate release from rod cells decreases Bipolar cells detect changes in glutamate release Ganglion cells fire action potentials

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sebaceous glands? Check all that apply.

Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum Sebaceous glands are found at the base of eyelash hairs Sebaceous glands are responsible for the oil that coats the hair on your scalp.

Which of the following statements are true regarding olfaction? Check all that apply.

Smell is a chemical sense Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli.

Which of the following statements are true regarding gustation? Check all that apply.

Taste is chemical sense All of the primary tastes can be detected throughout the tongue.

Use this picture to compare the tissue structure in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. Which of the following best describes your observations?

The reticular layer is thicker and more fibrous. The papillary layer is a thinner zone of more loosely organized tissue containing many "wandering" white blood cells.

Why are injections frequently administered into the hypodermis?

The subcutaneous tissue is highly vascular

The papillary layer of the dermis is made up of __________, and the reticular layer of the dermis is made up of __________.

areolar tissue; dense irregular connective tissue

Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply.

bitter brightness of light duration of an instrumental note placement of an item in your left vs right hand

Sequencing the Passage of Light through the Eyeball Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball. Start with the cornea at the top

cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, posterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor, retina

Place these epidermal layers in order, starting with the most superficial layer and ending with the deepest layer.

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Classifying Brain Structures and Spaces Indicate whether each term represents a structure vs. a cavity, space, or division

diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Ordering the Meninges Place the following layers of meninges and spaces in order from superficial to dee

dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater

Our brain perceives different colors because each cone responds to one specific (and different) wavelength on the visual spectrum.

false

Falx Cerebri: Bisected Head: Median View (Left) - Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

falx cerebri

The brain cannot determine where in the ____________ the neuron was stimulated.

field

Fourth Ventricle: Giant Brain: Median View - Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

fourth ventricle

The cerebral aqueduct passes CSF down the core of the midbrain and into which of the following?

fourth ventricle

Pain, heat, and cold are detected by __________.

free nerve endings

Frontal Lobes: Giant Brain: Inferior View - Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

frontal lobes

What information does the brain use to determine the intensity of a stimulus? Check all that apply.

how many sensory neurons respond how rapidly the sensory neuron fires which sensory neurons respond

A human's inability to perceive smells apparent to dogs represents insufficient ____________ of stimulus.

intensity

Most encapsulated nerve endings are which of the following?

mechanoreceptors

Sound waves reaching the olfactory mucosa do not elicit olfactory perception due to the ____________ not matching the type of stimulus of the receptor.

modality

For example, a single touch sensory ____________ can cover a large area of skin.

neuron

Match each type of receptor to the stimulus it detects.

nociceptor - tissue damage (or potentially damaging stimuli) photoreceptor - light thermoreceptor - changes in temperature mechanoreceptor - touch, pressure, stretch, vibration chemoreceptor - chemicals

Any sensory neuron detects stimuli within an area called its ____________ field.

receptive

Match each type of cutaneous gland with its product.

sebaceous glands - oily secretions ceruminous glands - earwax sudoriferous glands - sweat mammary glands - milk

The unpleasurable chemical smells of dissection rooms become nonperceptible over time due to ____________ of phasic receptors.

sensory adaptation

Anywhere the skin is touched in that area stimulates that ____________ neuron.

single

Superior Sagittal Sinus: Bisected Head: Median View (Right) - Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

superior sagittal sinus

You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades. What explains this phenomenon?

the phasic nature of olfaction

Third Ventricle: Bisected Head: Median View (Right) - Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

third ventricle

The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball t/f

true

A touch at any ____________ places in the field can therefore feel like a single touch.

two

To protect the body, potentially harmful substances emit an odor perceived as ____________ .

unpleasant