Knee
A ____ tear is the most common of knee injuries. Caused by landing from a jump, pivoting, stopping and starting, direct blow.
ACL
An anterior drawer test looks at ____ stability
ACL
The ____ restricts posterior femoral translation or anterior tibial translation
ACL
What structure is highlighted?
ACL
An unhappy triad involves the ___, ____, and ____. Typically occurs with a lateral blow to the knee where the foot is anchored creating an intense valgus force.
ACL MCL medial meniscus
The Q angle measured from the ____ to the ____ to the _____.
ASIS mid patella tibial tuberosity
Two types of anterior knee pain
Age dependent: not symptomatic Trauma/abnormal tracking: symptomatic
Identify 1-10
1. lateral femoral condyle 2. lateral femoral epicondyle 3. medial femoral condyle 4. medial femoral epicondyle 5. lateral tibial condyle 6. lateral tibial plateau 7. medial tibial condyle 8. medial tibial plateau 9. intercondylar eminence 10. head of fibula
ROM of the knee is _____ degrees and ____ degrees of rotation
10-0-135 5-10
There are ____ bursae around the knee
18
The ACL is ___ twisted bands that prevent knee ____, stabilizes the tibia against excessive IR, secondary restraint for valgus or varus stress and works in conjunction with the hamstrings
3 hyperextension
A popliteal or ____ cyst is typically the result of arthritis or cartilage tear in the knee.
Baker's
A ____ tear is caused by a varus force with the tibia internally rotated, direct blow is rare
LCL
The ___ limits extension and adduction of the leg, overlies the popliteus tendon. It attaches on the lateral condyle with the tendon of the biceps femoris inserting behind. It is a round, fibrous cord and prevents varus and stabilizes the knee laterally (along with IT band and biceps femoris)
LCL
What structure is highlighted?
LCL
____ rotation is generated by biceps femoris
Lateral
A ____ tear is caused by a direct blow to the lateral side of the knee or a severe outward twist; a valgus force
MCL
The ____ limits extension and abduction of the leg, attaching to the medial meniscus. This helps with prevention of valgus and external rotating surfaces
MCL
What structure is highlighted?
MCL
____ rotation is generated by semaimembranosous, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus
Medial
____ are the most important in terms of knee stabilization
Quads
What structure is highlighted?
anterolateral ligament
The ____ popliteal ligament is along the posterior fibular head and passes superiomedially.
arcuate
What structure is highlighted?
arcuate popliteal ligament
Genu varus is
bow legged outward angle at the knee
The ____ ligament attaches at the margins of the menisci to tibial condyles
coronary
What structure is highlighted?
coronary ligament
The quadriceps are responsible for knee _____
extension
The hamstrings are responsible for knee _____
flexion
The knee joint is a ___, synovial joint that has some gliding, rolling, and rotation.
hinge
The ligaments lie in the _____ space and are extrasynovial- no synovial fluid in this area.
intracapsular
Genu refers to the _____(knee/hip)
knee
Genu valgum is
knock knees inward angle at the knee
The ____ meniscus is more O shaped and moves more freely. Attaches loosely to the lateral articular capsule and popliteal tendon, ligament of Wrisberg, and located close to the PCL
lateral
The screw home mechanism is when the knee is going to full extension, the ____ condyle reaches it's limit and stops rotating, it slides forward and medially.
lateral
The patella ____ (shortens/lengthens) the lever arm of the quad muscles and ____ (decreases/increases) the mechanical advantage, changing the line of action
lengthens increases
The ____ meniscus is C shaped and attached to the tibia and medial collateral ligament. It is thicker posteriorly.
medial
____ collateral ligament is crossed by the tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus. It lies more posteriorly and has 2 layers- superficial and deep.
medial
The ____ of the knee helps with lubrication, nutrition, deepening of the articular facets, decreasing articular wear, cushioning any stress, shock absorption, transmission of force, and prevents hyperextension.
meniscus
A MCL tear is ____ (more/less) common than an LCL tear
more
The ____ popliteal ligament is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosis
oblique
The ____facet is one most affected by chrondromalacia- the softening of the posterior cartilage
odd
The ___ ligament is the distal part of the quadriceps tendon, it is a strong, fibrous band passing from the apex and adjoining margins of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
patellar
The fibrous capsule is supported anteriorly by the ____ ligament and posteriorly by the oblique popliteal and ____ popliteal ligament
patellar arcuate
A ____ is a fold in the thin tissue lining the knee joint
plica
What runs through the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve
What structure is highlighted?
popliteus
Intertrochanteric crest is ________(anterior/posterior)
posterior
The ____ ligaments are the cruciates and the intra-articular ligament whereas the _____ are the coronary, transverse and ligament of Wrisberg
primary secondary
The ____ nerve bifurcates at the top of the popliteal fossa
sciatic
Patella is the largest ______ bone
sesamoid
____(sitting/standing) is the most stable, congruence is best in this position and the ligaments are taut.
standing
Stability of the knee is dependent upon the strength of the ____ surrounding it
strength
The boundaries of the popliteal fossa are:
superolaterally: biceps femoris inferiolaterally: lateral head of gastroc superomedially: semimembranosus, semitendinsous infermedially: medal head of gastroc
The ____ ligament joints the anterior menisci while binding and stabilizing
transverse
T or F? Q angle is greater in males than females.
False
The ___ restricts anterior femoral translation or posterior tibial translation
PCL
The ____ prevents hyperflexion of the knee and femur, is fan shaped, and the strongest ligament in the knee.
PCL
What structure is highlighted?
PCL
____ tears occur due to a fall with full weight, or hard blow to the anterior aspect of a bent knee. Feels like a pop in the back of the knee, there is tenderness and swelling in the popliteal fossa
PCL
_____ syndrome is caused by excessive downhill running
Patellofemoral
____ ligament is posterior meniscofemoral, posterior lateral meniscus to medial femoral condyle and is strong
Wrisberg