Knee

A ____ tear is the most common of knee injuries. Caused by landing from a jump, pivoting, stopping and starting, direct blow.

ACL

An anterior drawer test looks at ____ stability

ACL

The ____ restricts posterior femoral translation or anterior tibial translation

ACL

What structure is highlighted?

ACL

An unhappy triad involves the ___, ____, and ____. Typically occurs with a lateral blow to the knee where the foot is anchored creating an intense valgus force.

ACL MCL medial meniscus

The Q angle measured from the ____ to the ____ to the _____.

ASIS mid patella tibial tuberosity

Two types of anterior knee pain

Age dependent: not symptomatic Trauma/abnormal tracking: symptomatic

Identify 1-10

1. lateral femoral condyle 2. lateral femoral epicondyle 3. medial femoral condyle 4. medial femoral epicondyle 5. lateral tibial condyle 6. lateral tibial plateau 7. medial tibial condyle 8. medial tibial plateau 9. intercondylar eminence 10. head of fibula

ROM of the knee is _____ degrees and ____ degrees of rotation

10-0-135 5-10

There are ____ bursae around the knee

18

The ACL is ___ twisted bands that prevent knee ____, stabilizes the tibia against excessive IR, secondary restraint for valgus or varus stress and works in conjunction with the hamstrings

3 hyperextension

A popliteal or ____ cyst is typically the result of arthritis or cartilage tear in the knee.

Baker's

A ____ tear is caused by a varus force with the tibia internally rotated, direct blow is rare

LCL

The ___ limits extension and adduction of the leg, overlies the popliteus tendon. It attaches on the lateral condyle with the tendon of the biceps femoris inserting behind. It is a round, fibrous cord and prevents varus and stabilizes the knee laterally (along with IT band and biceps femoris)

LCL

What structure is highlighted?

LCL

____ rotation is generated by biceps femoris

Lateral

A ____ tear is caused by a direct blow to the lateral side of the knee or a severe outward twist; a valgus force

MCL

The ____ limits extension and abduction of the leg, attaching to the medial meniscus. This helps with prevention of valgus and external rotating surfaces

MCL

What structure is highlighted?

MCL

____ rotation is generated by semaimembranosous, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus

Medial

____ are the most important in terms of knee stabilization

Quads

What structure is highlighted?

anterolateral ligament

The ____ popliteal ligament is along the posterior fibular head and passes superiomedially.

arcuate

What structure is highlighted?

arcuate popliteal ligament

Genu varus is

bow legged outward angle at the knee

The ____ ligament attaches at the margins of the menisci to tibial condyles

coronary

What structure is highlighted?

coronary ligament

The quadriceps are responsible for knee _____

extension

The hamstrings are responsible for knee _____

flexion

The knee joint is a ___, synovial joint that has some gliding, rolling, and rotation.

hinge

The ligaments lie in the _____ space and are extrasynovial- no synovial fluid in this area.

intracapsular

Genu refers to the _____(knee/hip)

knee

Genu valgum is

knock knees inward angle at the knee

The ____ meniscus is more O shaped and moves more freely. Attaches loosely to the lateral articular capsule and popliteal tendon, ligament of Wrisberg, and located close to the PCL

lateral

The screw home mechanism is when the knee is going to full extension, the ____ condyle reaches it's limit and stops rotating, it slides forward and medially.

lateral

The patella ____ (shortens/lengthens) the lever arm of the quad muscles and ____ (decreases/increases) the mechanical advantage, changing the line of action

lengthens increases

The ____ meniscus is C shaped and attached to the tibia and medial collateral ligament. It is thicker posteriorly.

medial

____ collateral ligament is crossed by the tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus. It lies more posteriorly and has 2 layers- superficial and deep.

medial

The ____ of the knee helps with lubrication, nutrition, deepening of the articular facets, decreasing articular wear, cushioning any stress, shock absorption, transmission of force, and prevents hyperextension.

meniscus

A MCL tear is ____ (more/less) common than an LCL tear

more

The ____ popliteal ligament is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosis

oblique

The ____facet is one most affected by chrondromalacia- the softening of the posterior cartilage

odd

The ___ ligament is the distal part of the quadriceps tendon, it is a strong, fibrous band passing from the apex and adjoining margins of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

patellar

The fibrous capsule is supported anteriorly by the ____ ligament and posteriorly by the oblique popliteal and ____ popliteal ligament

patellar arcuate

A ____ is a fold in the thin tissue lining the knee joint

plica

What runs through the popliteal fossa?

popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve

What structure is highlighted?

popliteus

Intertrochanteric crest is ________(anterior/posterior)

posterior

The ____ ligaments are the cruciates and the intra-articular ligament whereas the _____ are the coronary, transverse and ligament of Wrisberg

primary secondary

The ____ nerve bifurcates at the top of the popliteal fossa

sciatic

Patella is the largest ______ bone

sesamoid

____(sitting/standing) is the most stable, congruence is best in this position and the ligaments are taut.

standing

Stability of the knee is dependent upon the strength of the ____ surrounding it

strength

The boundaries of the popliteal fossa are:

superolaterally: biceps femoris inferiolaterally: lateral head of gastroc superomedially: semimembranosus, semitendinsous infermedially: medal head of gastroc

The ____ ligament joints the anterior menisci while binding and stabilizing

transverse

T or F? Q angle is greater in males than females.

False

The ___ restricts anterior femoral translation or posterior tibial translation

PCL

The ____ prevents hyperflexion of the knee and femur, is fan shaped, and the strongest ligament in the knee.

PCL

What structure is highlighted?

PCL

____ tears occur due to a fall with full weight, or hard blow to the anterior aspect of a bent knee. Feels like a pop in the back of the knee, there is tenderness and swelling in the popliteal fossa

PCL

_____ syndrome is caused by excessive downhill running

Patellofemoral

____ ligament is posterior meniscofemoral, posterior lateral meniscus to medial femoral condyle and is strong

Wrisberg