KNES 315: Exam 3

Stress fractures of the tibia and fibula result from repetitive stress to the leg leading to muscle fatigue. A. True B. False

A. True

Diastolic adult and child blood pressure

Adult: 70-80 Child: 80-90

Which of the following muscles is part of the hamstring muscle group? a) gracilis b) sartorius c) biceps femoris d) vastus lateralis

C. Biceps femoris

True or False? The mechanism of injury is the physical cause or circumstance under which the injury occurred. A. True B. False

A. True

In the onsite assessment of a musculoskeletal injury, what questions should a coach ask to determine the nature and severity of the injury?

what is wrong?, what hurts?, how did it happen?, what were you doing?, where is your pain?, rate pain, other painful areas?, did you hear anything?, has this ever happened to you before?

A common mechanism of injury for a turf toe is A. Wearing shoes that don't fit properly B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe C. Increase in training D. Severe

B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe

Shock can occur with injuries involving A. severe pain B. the spinal cord C. intra-abdominal or intrathoracic regions D. all of

D. all of the above

What is the focus of the observation component in the onsite assessment of a musculoskeletal injury?

consciousness, body language, range of motion, posture, attitude

The function of the ______ is to resist valgus and rotational forces acting on the knee. a) MCL b) LCL c) ACL d) PCL

A. MCL

Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, willingness and ability to move is called A. primary survey B. observation C. proprioceptive input D. subjective survey

A. Primary survey

In assessing an injury, a coach should determine if the individual experienced other unusual sensations at the time of injury by asking questions such as "did you hear anything" and "did you feel anything." A. True B. False

A. True

In assessing an on-site acute injury, it is critical that the coach begin the assessment by asking if the individual has sustained previous injury to the body part. A. True B. False

A. True

Some individuals who know that they are hypersensitive to a substance carry medication (e.g., epinephrine) to manage the condition. A. True B. False

A. True

Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death owing to sudden cardiac arrest within 6 hours of an otherwise normal clinical healthy state. A. True B. False

A. True

Prolonged pressure against the medial aspect of the first MTP joint that leads to thickening of the medial capsule and bursa and results in a severe valgus deformity of the great toe is referred to as A. Hallus rigidus B. Hallus valgus C. MTP sprain D. Claw toe

B. Hallus valgus

Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the patient is ________ exercise. A. active B. assistive C. passive D. resistive

C. passive

Which of the following is the most common ankle sprain? A. Inversion sprain B. Eversion sprain C. Syndesmosis sprain D. No one ankle sprain is more common than another

A. Inversion sprain

True or False? Management of a contusion to the gastrocnemius includes the application of cold and placing the muscle in a stretched position. A. True B. False

A. True

Normal adult and child blood pressure

Adult: 110-120 Child: 125-140

The immediate management of a suspected acute compartment syndrome includes I) Application of cold II) Application of a compression wrap III) Elevation of the lower leg IV) Total rest V) Immediate referral to an emergency room VI) Referral to a physician prior to return to activity A. I, II, III, IV, and V B. I, II, III, IV, and VI C. I, IV, and V D. I, IV, and VI

C. I, IV, and V

An adult participant in an aerobics class stops activity and reports pain radiating down the left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. What condition should be suspected? A. hypotension B. hyperthermia C. shock D. heart attack

D. heart attack

What is the normal body temp?

98.6

Why is it advantageous for a coach to utilize an adapted version of a HOPS format in assessing an injury?

A coach must be prepared to perform an onsite-evaluation of acute injuries sufficient to determine the nature and severity of the condition and, subsequently, the immediate management of the condition. In order to ensure that as much information as possible is obtained, an injury assessment should follow a consistent, sequential order. The HOPS format is easy to use and follows a basic consistent format

Which of the following statements is true? A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle. B. An individual with an Achilles tendon rupture will be able to balance on the affected leg. C. A suspected Achilles tendon rupture requires summoning of EMS D. Achilles tendon ruptures typically occur at the musculotendinous junction.

A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle.

Deceleration combined with a cutting motion is a common mechanism of injury for the a) ACL b) PCL c) MCL d) LCL

A. ACL

In an inversion ankle sprain, the first ligament to tear is the A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) B. Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) C. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) D. Deltoid ligament

A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

Which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part A. bilateral B. contralateral C. ipsilateral D. lateral

A. Bilateral

The _______ is the main body stabilizer during walking or running. A. hallux B. metatarsal arch C. talocrural joint D. subtalar joint

A. Hallux

Active movement involves joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction. A. True B. False

A. True

Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction. A. True B. False

A. True

Because the lateral malleolus extends further down than the medial malleolus, inversion sprains are more common than eversion sprains. A. True B. False

A. True

If an acute compartment syndrome is not managed properly, irreversible damage can occur within 12 - 24 hours. A. True B. False

A. True

Shock, regardless of the type, is a medical emergency A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign? A. edema B. blurred vision C. nausea D. headache

A. edema

Subjective information is gained through the __________ of the HOPS process. A. history B. observation C. palpation D. special testing

A. history

In the history component of an assessment, information pertaining to the primary complaint focuses on the A. mechanism of injury B. characteristics of the symptoms C. injured individual's perception of the current injury D. the status of the ABC's

A. mechanism of injury

An excessively high arch that does not flatten during weight bearing is referred to as: A. pes cavus B. pes planus C. plantar fasciitis D. hallus rigidus

A. pes cavus

In emergency situations, consciousness is determined by: A. response to verbal and sensory stimuli B. testing of reflexes C. assessment of ABCs D. assessment of pupils

A. response to verbal and sensory stimuli

The coach should only complete components of an assessment that are within their standard of care. A. True B. False

A. true

Explain the on-site assessment and management (within the standard of care of a coach) of an unconscious individual who is lying supine.

Activate emergency action plan, Call 911, If the athlete is breathing leave them on their stomach and monitor until EMS arrives, If they are not log roll, Remove helmet mask, remove clothing from chest, start CPR and attach the AED until EMS arrives

Briefly describe each of the following: active range of motion (AROM) passive range of motion (PROM) resisted range of motion (RROM)

Active: The injured athlete trying to move the body part on their own Passive: Helping the athlete move the injured body part Resistive: The coach applies resistance to the injured body part to see if the athlete can still move it

A measurable physical finding regarding the individual's condition is called a: A. primary statusA B. sign C. level of consciousness D. symptom

Answer: B. sign

Which of the following statements is true? A. The ideal blood pressure for an adult is 100\60. B. Blood pressure reflects the effectiveness of the circulatory system. C. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is beating. D. It is critical that a coach be prepared to assess blood pressure.

Answer: B: Blood pressure reflects the effectiveness of the circulatory system.

What are the S&S of shock

Anxiety, Clammy skin, Thirsty, sunken eyes, nausea, Irregular breathing, Dizziness, Rapid Weak pulse

The normal respiration for an adult is _____________ breaths per minute. A. 8-10 B. 10-25 C. 20-25 D. 30-40

B. 10-25

The normal resting pulse rate range for an adult is _____________ beats per minute. A. 40 - 60 B. 60 - 100 C. 100 - 120 D. 120 - 140

B. 60-100

As stress is applied to the ankle during plantar flexion and inversion, the first ligament to tear is the calcaeofibular ligament. A. True B. False

B. False

In an acute compartment syndrome, signs of neurovascular compression will develop after the individual stops exercising. A. True B. False

B. False

The mechanism of injury for an acute compartment syndrome is typically related to training errors (e.g., too much activity too soon.) A. True B. False

B. False

The type of footwear worn for an activity has minimal impact on the prevention of injuries to the foot and ankle. A. True B. False

B. False

The least stable position of the ankle is A. Dorsiflexion B. Plantar flexion C. Inversion D. Eversion

B. Plantar flexion

The ligaments that stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle include each of the following except the: A. anterior talofibular ligament B. deltoid ligament C. posterior talofibular ligament D. calcaneofibular ligament

B. deltoid ligament

In assessing pain, the only factors that need to be determined are the location and type of pain. A. True B. False

B. false

Which of the following predisposes an individual to eversion ankle sprains? A. pes cavus B. hypermobile feet C. hypomobile feet D. pes planus

B. hypermobile feet

Activity specific test are intended to assess each of the following EXCEPT: A. strength B. range of motion C. agility D. balance

B. range of motion

Shock is characterized by A. rapid and strong pulse B. rapid and weak pulse C. slow and weak pulse D. slow and bounding pulse

B. rapid and weak pulse

An individual sustains a severe blow to the abdomen. How should a coach determine if the individual is experiencing internal bleeding?

Blunt trauma, Sings and symptoms of shock, Fractures of the pelvis rib or skull

The normal respiration for a child is _____________ breaths per minute. A. 8-10 B. 10-25 C. 20-25 D. 30-40

C. 20-25

Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of A. 15 to 20 B. 20 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. Over 50

C. 30 to 50

Which of the following is correct? A. An individual who has sustained a grade I inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and will be able to bear weight immediately after the injury B. Swelling and ecchymosis are accurate indicators of the severity of an inversion sprain C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp. D. An individual who has sustained a grade III inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.

C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.

An individual reports to the coach with a complaint of localized tenderness over the Achilles tendon that began approximately two weeks earlier, morning stiffness to the area, and pain with active and passive motions involving the Achilles tendon. The coach should A. Assess the condition B. Permit the individual to participate in activities as normal, but encourage the individual to see a physician as soon as possible C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician D. Apply ice and compression to the area as well as fit the individual for crutches

C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician

The common mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain is A. Dorsiflexion and inversion B. Dorsiflexion and eversion C. Plantar flexion and inversion D. Plantar flexion and eversion

C. Plantar flexion and inversion

The buildup of cholesterol within the coronary arteries is termed A. angina B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. artherosclerosis D. coronary artery disease

C. artherosclerosis

Supination is the combination of the movements of: A. calacaneal eversion, foot abduction, dorsiflexion B. calacaneal eversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion D. calacaneal inversion, foot abduction, plantar flexion

C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion

Pulse rate is usually assessed at the _____________ artery. A. coronary B. brachial C. carotid D. vertebral

C. carotid

Each of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of shock EXCEPT A. anxiety, restlessness B. extreme thirst C. hot, dry skin D. nausea and/or vomiting

C. hot, dry skin

A condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the left ventricle of the heart that develops before age and typically goes undetected during routine physical examination is termed A. myocarditis B. Marfan syndrome C. hypertrophic cariomyopathy D. acquired valavular heart disease

C. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Medial tibial stress syndrome is aggravated by: A. passive plantar flexion B. active plantar flexion C. resisted plantar flexion D. active dorsiflexion

C. resisted plantar flexion

A direct blow to the lateral aspect of the knee is a common mechanism of injury for the a) ACL b) PCL c) MCL d) LCL

C.) MCL

Locking is a classic sign of injury to the a) patellar bursa b) joint capsule c) medial meniscus d) ACL

C.) Medial meniscus

Emergency

Conditions that impair, or have the potential to impair, the CNS and the cardiorespiratory system

The normal resting pulse rate range for a child is _____________ beats per minute. A. 40 - 60 B. 60 - 100 C. 100 - 120 D. 120 - 140

D. 120 - 140

As a general rule, the coach should always refer an injured individual to the nearest trauma center or emergency clinic if A. any life-threatening situation is present B. the injury results in loss of normal function C. no improvement is seen in injury status after a reasonable amount of time. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The menisci of the knee function to a) absorb and dissipate force b) improve the congruency of the joint c) increase knee stability d) all of the above

D. All of the above

While the background of the coach does not permit evaluation at the level of care of a healthcare professional, the coach should still be prepared A. to perform an onsite-evaluation of acute injuries B. to determine the nature and severity of a condition C. To determine the immediate management of acondition. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem is call a: A. primary survey B. secondary survey C. sign D. symptom

D. Symptom

An individual is experiencing intense itching on the palms of the hands, wheezing, rapid and weak pulse, tightness and swelling in the throat and chest, and swelling of the mucous membranes. What condition should be suspected? A. heart attack B. shock C. internal hemorrhage D. anaphylactic shock

D. anaphylactic shock

The leading cause of loss of consciousness in a sport activity is due to: A. metabolic disturbances B. heat stroke C. spinal injuries D. head injuries

D. head injuries

Which of the following is a common injury associated with pes planus? A. peroneal tendonitis B. plantar fasciitis C. metatarsalgia D. medial tibial stress syndrome

D. medial tibial stress syndrome

Inversion and eversion movements occur primarily at the: A. talocrural joint B. intertarsal joints C. tarsometatarsal joints D. subtalar joint

D. subtalar joint

The true ankle joint is the A. talocalcaneonavicular joint B. calcaneocuboid joint C. subtalar joint D. talocrural joint

D. talocrural joint

Which of the following best illustrates a symptom? A. deformity B. ecchymosis C. crepitation D. tinnitus

D. tinnitus

Secondary Survey

Detect problems if unrecognized and untreated could become life-threatening

True or False? Signs and symptoms of a grade 1 quadriceps contusion include: the individual walks with a limp, mild pain, and swelling.

False

True or False? The function of the joint capsule in the knee is to deepen the joint and, in doing so, allow for a more stable articulation.

False

True or False? The medial meniscus has an attachment to the medial collateral ligament and fibers from the biceps femoris muscle.

False

True or False? The normal Q-angle for males and females is the same.

False

True or False? The type of shoe worn has minimal, if any impact, on injuries sustained to the knee.

False

What are the commonly known substances that can cause anaphylaxis in hypersensitive individuals?

Medications, food and food additives, Inhaled substances Radiographic Dye

Vitals signs

Pulse, Respiration, temperature, skin color, blood pressure

Pulse: Rate and volume Children vs. adults

Rate: 30 sec x 2 Volume: sensation of contraction (strong/weak) Child: 120-140 Adult:60-100

Sign vs Symptom

Sign: things someone observes Symptom: the patient reports to you

What is the purpose of the primary and secondary survey?

The primary survey determines level of responsiveness and assesses airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC's).The secondary survey is performed once it has been determined that a life threatening condition does not exist. The purpose of the secondary survey is to identify the type and extent of any injury, and the immediate disposition of the condition.

Why is AROM assessed? What factors/conditions could cause limits in AROM?

To asses the injury better, get a better feel if the athlete is able to move it., It can cause further harm to the injured body part

Primary Survey • Purpose • Components

To find Level of awareness and Status of ABCs: Airway Breathing Circulation

True or False? Injury to the prepatellar bursa will produce pain during passive knee flexion.

True

True or False? The immediate management for a suspected MCL injury includes the application of ice and compression. In addition, if unable to walk without a limp, the individual should be fitted for crutches.

True

True or False? The lateral meniscus is a smaller and more freely moveable structure than the medial meniscus.

True

True or False? The patella improves the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles to produce knee extension.

True

A common mechanism of injury for a longitudinal tear of the meniscus is a) a shearing forces from rotational motions b) a twisting motion when the foot is fixed and the knee is flexed c) deceleration combined with a cutting motion d) hyperextension

b) a twisting motion when the foot is fixed and the knee is flexed

Which of the following conditions warrants activation of EMS? a) patellar dislocation b) knee dislocation c) tear of the ACL d) all of the above

b) knee dislocation

The anterior cruciate ligament a) resists posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur b) is the primary stabilizer of the knee c) prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur d) resists varus and valgus forces to the knee

c) prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

Angina

chest pain during physical exertion

A sign associated with a sprain of the LCL of the knee is a) significant effusion b) pain on the medial joint line c) significant joint instability d) hearing a "pop" accompanied by sharp lateral pain

d) hearing a "pop" accompanied by sharp lateral pain

Artherosclerosis

excessive build up of cholesterol in coronary arteries

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

excessive enlargement of the heart

Syncope

fainting and lightheadedness

Myocardial Infraction

heart attack

Arrythmia

irregular heartbeats

What considerations should be addressed by a coach in determining whether it is appropriate to perform palpation during the onsite assessment of a musculoskeletal injury?

tenderness, temperature, deformity, muscle spasm, cutaneous sensation, pulse

Turf toe is a sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of the first MTP joint. A. True B. False

A. True

Skin color can be assessed by observing A. the face B. muscuous membranes C. nail beds D. all of the above

D. all of the above