L23 - Female Histology Pt. 2
3 Layers of the Uterus
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
3 phases of menstrual cycle
proliferative, secretory, menstrual
Mammary Gland histology; Modified sweat glands that produce an exocrine secretion via the apocrine mechanism
Identify Glands and funciton
Cervical Glands; lined by simple columnar epithelium; secretory in nature
Identify glands and function
Spiraled arterioles in Stratum Functionalis
Identify these blood vessels and where int eh Endometrium they are
Uterine glands; secrete "uterine milk" - found in Endometrium
Identify these glands and what they secrete (C)
perimetrium of uterus; contains serosa/adventitia
Identify this layer of the uterus and what it contains
endometrium of uterus; contains uterine glands; what undergoes changes every month
Identify this layer of the uterus and what it contains (A)
Myometrium of uterus; 4 Smooth muscle layers and large blood vessels/where find fibroids
Identify this layer of the uterus and what it contains (b)
stratum functionalis of the endometrium; loss during menstruation and repairs - contains spiral arteries
Identify this section of the Endometrium (A) and function
stratum basalis of endometrium; remains during menstruation - contains straight arteries
Identify this section of the Endometrium (B) and function
Uterine Cervix; External aspect bulges into vagina and is covered by stratified squamous - non-keratinized epithelium
Identify this section of the Female Reproductive system transition
Vagina histology; Consists of mucosa, muscle layer and adventitia; Mucosa consists of stratified squamous epithelium and a lamina propria; no vaginal glands present
Identify this section of the female reproductive system
Actively Secreting Uterine Glands
In what state are these Uterine Glands (active or inactive)?
What uterine layer experiences hypertrophy (increase in size) and hyperplasia (increase in muscle cells) during pregnancy?
Myometrium
What hormones stimulate myometrial contraction and which inhibit it?
Stimulate = Oxytocin & Prostaglandins Inhibit = Progesterone
inner cell mass of blastocyst; becomes an embryo
What is this part of the Blastocyst and what does it become through development?
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the myometrium?
4
Inactive Mammary Gland; alveoli are small and not numerous
Are these mammary glands inactive or active (lactating)? If lactating, what does the milk contain?
Lactating Mammary Gland; Milk contains fat, proteins and sugarsd
Are these mammary glands inactive or active (lactating)? If lactating, what does the milk contain?
Menstrual Phase of Uterus
Beginning of menstrual bleeding Walls of the coiled arteries contract thus causing ischemia and necrosis of the endometrium (Occurs when implantation fails and steroid levels begin to fall) At end of phase, only stratum basalis remains (has own blood supply)
Secretory Phase of Uterus
Begins at ovulation Progesterone Dominated (stimulates glands to secrete embryonic nutrition before implantation occurs) from CL Uterine glands become TORTUOUS, DILATED AND SECRETE
What cells in mammary gland connective tissue secrete IgA into milk to provide "passive immunity" to infants?
Plasma Cells
Proliferative Phase of Uterus
Estradiol Dominated Termed the "follicle phase" Stratum basalis remains and proliferates; Uterine gland cells proliferate, migrate to surface and reform the epithelial lining of the endometrium (to restore functionalis)
What hormones cause growth of the duct system during puberty
Estrogen and Progesterone
Describe order of hormonal secretion in the Menstrual Cycle
GnRH secreted from hypothalamus --> FSH (follicle enlarges) secreted from anterior pituitary gland --> granulosa making estrogen --> positive feedback/induction of LH --> ovulation --> CL left behind after
What hormone stimulates myoepithelial cells to promote "milk let-down"?
Oxytocin
What hormone "softens" the cervix by increasing the blood supply and tissue fluid content?
Relaxin --> Cervix DILATES at parturition to accommodate the fetus
