Lab 10

Name the 3 classes of fibers that connect the regions of the cerebral cortex together.

1. Association fibers 2. Commissural fibers 3. Projection fibers

Name the 6 types of neuroglia cells and list their functions

1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependymal cells 5. Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) 6. Satellite cells

Oligodendrocytes

1. form myelin sheath around CNS Neurons

Neuroglia

1. maintain HOMEOSTASIS 2. mitotically active

What sensory impulses are relayed from the following regions of the thalamus?

1. medial geniculate: All hearing 2. Lateral geniculate: All vision 3. Ventral posterior: All taste, touch, pain

Perineurium

CT Surrounding fascicles of nerves

Epineurium

CT Surrounding the entire nerve

Endoneurium

CT surrounding ind. nerve fibers

What fluid would you find in the subarachnoid space

Cerebrospinal fluid

Capillary bed from which CSF is derived from

Choroid plexus

Nucleus (brain structure)

Cluster of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Ganglia

Cluster of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Axon

Conducts nerve impulse to target cell

Name the 3 dura mater extensions and what they separate

Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli

Preoptic region

Regulation of autonomic activities in conjunction with the hypothalamus

Commissural fibersq

btwn gyri in both hemispheres - Corpus callosum - anterior commissure - posterior commissure

Association fibers

btwn gyri on same side

The ependymal cells cover the _________ which is the capillary bed from which CSF is derived form

choroid plexus

Caudate nucleus

control large automatic movements of skeletal muscle

What is the function of the substantial nigra

controlling subconscious muscle activities midbrain

What cells produce CSF

ependymal cells

The space located btwn the spinal cord dura mater and the vertebral canal is called the..

epidural space

Projection fibers

form descending & ascending tracts (internal capsule)

What is the function of the red nucleus

function with the basal ganglia & cerebellum to coordinate musclar movements midbrain

The spinal nerves form as a mixed nerve when it goes through the..

intervertebral foramen

Where would you find the decussation of pyramids

medulla oblongata

where would you find the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

medulla oblongata

What brain structures will develop from the mesencephalon

mid brain

Association (inter) neurons

most neurons in the body (90%)

Microglia

phagocytic

What is the function of the olive

precise voluntary movements, posture

Ependymal cells

produce CEREBROSPINAL FLUID EPITHELIAL CELLS

Mammillary region

relay station for reflexes related to the sense of smell

what is the function of the reticular activating system

responsible for consciousness & awakening

Dendrite

Input/sensory receptive portion of the neuron

Myelin

Insulative covering surrounding the axon to inc signaling speed

Globus pallidus

Lenticular nucleus regulation of muscle tone

Putamen

Lenticular nucleus same function as caudate nucleus

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

- form myelin sheaths around PNS Neurons

Astrocytes

- neurotransmitter metabolism -BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER - nutrition & metabolism - result in SCAR TISSUE

What is the function of the MENINGEAL BRANCH of the spinal nerve

- re-enters the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen & innervates the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels, & meninges

What brain structures will develop from the prosencephalon?

1. Diencephalon: thalamus & hypothalamus 2. Telencephalon: Cerebrum

Name the 4 structures or layers that compose the spinal meninges How are they arranged?

1. Dura mater (Superficial) 2. Arachnoid (Middle) 3. Denticulate ligaments (Connects arachnoid to pia mater) 4. Pia mater (Deep)

What are the 4 major regions of the hypothalamus and their functions?

1. Mammillary region 2. Tuberal region 3. Supraoptic region 4. Preoptic region

Name the 2 main motor tracts in the spinal cord. What kind of motor functions do each conduct?

1. Pyramidal: precise Voluntary movements 2. Extrapyramidal: Involuntary movements, maintain SKELETAL MUSCLE TONE

Functions of nervous tissue & CNS

1. Sensory 2. Integrative 3. Motor

Name the 2 main sensory tracts in the spinal cord. What kind of information do they convey

1. Spinothalamic: Pain, temp, crude touch 2. Posterior Columns (Fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus): PROPRIORECEPTION, 2 point discrimination, vibration

Where would you find the superior & inferior colliculus? What are their functions

1. Tectum of the midbrain superior: Head reflexes to visual stimuli Inferior: head reflexes to auditory stimuli

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath

What brain structures will develop from the rhombencephalon

Myelencephalon: Medulla oblongata Metencephalon: pons & cerebellum

What do you in WHITE MATTER

Myelinated axons

What do you find in GRAY MATTER

Nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals & unmyelinated axons

What 2 layers make up the dura mater of the brain

Outer endosteal inner meningeal

Axon Hillock

Where an action potential is initiated

What is the function of the FILUM TERMINALE

anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

What is the function of the medial lemniscus

axons conveying impulses for discriminative touch, vibration, from the medulla to the thalamus midbrain

What neuronal structures would you find in the dorsal root ganglion?

sensory nerve cell bodies

Tentorium cerebelli

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Falx cerebelli

separates right & left cerebellar hemispheres

Falx cerebri

separates right & left cerebral hemispheres

The space btwn the spinal cord dura mater and the arachnoid is called..

subdural space

Satellite cells

support neurons in GANGLIA OF PNS

Supraoptic region

synthesis & transport of oxytocin & ADH to the posterior pituitary gland

Tuberal region

synthesis of hypothalamic regulating hormones