Lab 10
Name the 3 classes of fibers that connect the regions of the cerebral cortex together.
1. Association fibers 2. Commissural fibers 3. Projection fibers
Name the 6 types of neuroglia cells and list their functions
1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependymal cells 5. Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) 6. Satellite cells
Oligodendrocytes
1. form myelin sheath around CNS Neurons
Neuroglia
1. maintain HOMEOSTASIS 2. mitotically active
What sensory impulses are relayed from the following regions of the thalamus?
1. medial geniculate: All hearing 2. Lateral geniculate: All vision 3. Ventral posterior: All taste, touch, pain
Perineurium
CT Surrounding fascicles of nerves
Epineurium
CT Surrounding the entire nerve
Endoneurium
CT surrounding ind. nerve fibers
What fluid would you find in the subarachnoid space
Cerebrospinal fluid
Capillary bed from which CSF is derived from
Choroid plexus
Nucleus (brain structure)
Cluster of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
Ganglia
Cluster of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
Axon
Conducts nerve impulse to target cell
Name the 3 dura mater extensions and what they separate
Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli
Preoptic region
Regulation of autonomic activities in conjunction with the hypothalamus
Commissural fibersq
btwn gyri in both hemispheres - Corpus callosum - anterior commissure - posterior commissure
Association fibers
btwn gyri on same side
The ependymal cells cover the _________ which is the capillary bed from which CSF is derived form
choroid plexus
Caudate nucleus
control large automatic movements of skeletal muscle
What is the function of the substantial nigra
controlling subconscious muscle activities midbrain
What cells produce CSF
ependymal cells
The space located btwn the spinal cord dura mater and the vertebral canal is called the..
epidural space
Projection fibers
form descending & ascending tracts (internal capsule)
What is the function of the red nucleus
function with the basal ganglia & cerebellum to coordinate musclar movements midbrain
The spinal nerves form as a mixed nerve when it goes through the..
intervertebral foramen
Where would you find the decussation of pyramids
medulla oblongata
where would you find the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
medulla oblongata
What brain structures will develop from the mesencephalon
mid brain
Association (inter) neurons
most neurons in the body (90%)
Microglia
phagocytic
What is the function of the olive
precise voluntary movements, posture
Ependymal cells
produce CEREBROSPINAL FLUID EPITHELIAL CELLS
Mammillary region
relay station for reflexes related to the sense of smell
what is the function of the reticular activating system
responsible for consciousness & awakening
Dendrite
Input/sensory receptive portion of the neuron
Myelin
Insulative covering surrounding the axon to inc signaling speed
Globus pallidus
Lenticular nucleus regulation of muscle tone
Putamen
Lenticular nucleus same function as caudate nucleus
Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)
- form myelin sheaths around PNS Neurons
Astrocytes
- neurotransmitter metabolism -BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER - nutrition & metabolism - result in SCAR TISSUE
What is the function of the MENINGEAL BRANCH of the spinal nerve
- re-enters the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen & innervates the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels, & meninges
What brain structures will develop from the prosencephalon?
1. Diencephalon: thalamus & hypothalamus 2. Telencephalon: Cerebrum
Name the 4 structures or layers that compose the spinal meninges How are they arranged?
1. Dura mater (Superficial) 2. Arachnoid (Middle) 3. Denticulate ligaments (Connects arachnoid to pia mater) 4. Pia mater (Deep)
What are the 4 major regions of the hypothalamus and their functions?
1. Mammillary region 2. Tuberal region 3. Supraoptic region 4. Preoptic region
Name the 2 main motor tracts in the spinal cord. What kind of motor functions do each conduct?
1. Pyramidal: precise Voluntary movements 2. Extrapyramidal: Involuntary movements, maintain SKELETAL MUSCLE TONE
Functions of nervous tissue & CNS
1. Sensory 2. Integrative 3. Motor
Name the 2 main sensory tracts in the spinal cord. What kind of information do they convey
1. Spinothalamic: Pain, temp, crude touch 2. Posterior Columns (Fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus): PROPRIORECEPTION, 2 point discrimination, vibration
Where would you find the superior & inferior colliculus? What are their functions
1. Tectum of the midbrain superior: Head reflexes to visual stimuli Inferior: head reflexes to auditory stimuli
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath
What brain structures will develop from the rhombencephalon
Myelencephalon: Medulla oblongata Metencephalon: pons & cerebellum
What do you in WHITE MATTER
Myelinated axons
What do you find in GRAY MATTER
Nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals & unmyelinated axons
What 2 layers make up the dura mater of the brain
Outer endosteal inner meningeal
Axon Hillock
Where an action potential is initiated
What is the function of the FILUM TERMINALE
anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
What is the function of the medial lemniscus
axons conveying impulses for discriminative touch, vibration, from the medulla to the thalamus midbrain
What neuronal structures would you find in the dorsal root ganglion?
sensory nerve cell bodies
Tentorium cerebelli
separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Falx cerebelli
separates right & left cerebellar hemispheres
Falx cerebri
separates right & left cerebral hemispheres
The space btwn the spinal cord dura mater and the arachnoid is called..
subdural space
Satellite cells
support neurons in GANGLIA OF PNS
Supraoptic region
synthesis & transport of oxytocin & ADH to the posterior pituitary gland
Tuberal region
synthesis of hypothalamic regulating hormones
