lab 10
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many bones of the skull are considered facial bones? __________
14
How many bones make up the nasal septum?
2 The nasal septum is composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer.
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3-5
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
7
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
Cribriform plates
True or False: The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.
False
True or false: The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
False: The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum
During development, individual vertebrae compose the entire vertebral column. __________ bones fuse together to form the sacrum.
Five
What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?
Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.
Where is the mandibular fossa located?
Inferior surface of the zygomatic process
Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view? - Mandibular body - Mandibular foramina - Mental foramina - Coronoid process
Mandibular foramina
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
Mandibular fossa
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.
The olfactory nerve (CN I)
What is ultimately the fate of fontanels in a child or an adult skull?
They ossify, and in time become sutures.
The sella turcica is best described as:
a depression
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.
a projection on the mandible
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.
a shallow depression
A fontanelle __________. - is found only in the fetal skull - is a fibrous membrane - allows for compression of the skull during birth - all of the above
all of the above
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
atlas
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
atlas - axis
The ________________ _______________ articulates with the sacrum, forming the sacroilliac joint; the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone
auricular surface
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
axis
The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column
body
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
body
You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.
cervical
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch. - bridge of nose - lower jaw - cheek - orbit
cheek
The thoracic cage includes all of the bones below except the ________.
clavicles
Identify the tailbone; it articulates w/ the vertebral column inferior to the sacrum
coccyx
this process is located anterior to the condylar process across the mandibular notch, is the insertion for the temporalis muscle, which is important in moving the jaw and chewing.
coronoid process
Eight bones make up the ____________, which encloses and protects the brain.
cranium
The occipital bone forms part of the:
cranium
Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
crista galli
________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.
crista galli, ethmoid
The ________ on the axis (C2) forms a pivot point with the atlas (C1) that allows you to nod a "no." - superior articular facet - transverse foramen - posterior tubercle - dens
dens
Seven pairs of ribs articulate ________ with the sternum. - directly—the bony rib joins the bony sternum - indirectly via attachment to the costal cartilages of ribs above - only five pairs of ribs attach to the sternum, the others remain unattached - directly via costal cartilages
directly via costal cartilages
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? - large size overall - blunt spinous process - elongated spinous process - bulky centrum
elongated spinous process
The cribriform foramina, through which the fibers of cranial nerve I pass, are located in the ________ bone on the floor of the skull.
ethmoid
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? - inferior nasal concha - zygomatic - ethmoid - maxillary
ethmoid
_______________ bone is a single bone with a complex shape. The top of this bone projects up into the floor of the cranium. The middle of this bone spans the distance between the orbits, and the lowest most portion forms the superior part of the nasal septum.
ethmoid
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
external acoustic meatus
True or False: The ethmoid bone is part of the axial
false
True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
false
True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
false
True or false: the ethmoid bone is a facial bone
false
Fontanels are
fibrous membranes in a fetal skull
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
foramen magnum
This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead.
frontal
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
head
This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra.
head
Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.
hyaline cartilage
This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.
hyoid
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.
in between the two orbits
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
inferior articular processes
These facial bones increase the ability of the nasal passageways to warm and humidify incoming air.
inferior nasal conchae
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
infraorbital foramen
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
intervertebral discs
This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.
jugular foramen
These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.
lacrimal
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
lamina
The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________.
laterally, posteriorly
The lower jawbone, or __________, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.
mandible
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
mandibular condyle
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
mandibular condyle
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
mandibular fossa
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
mandibular notch
The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:
mandibular ramus
Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.
manubrium
The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus.
maxilla
Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?
maxilla
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
medial
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?
median sacral crest
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.
mental foramina
Which bone is not a part of the orbit?
nasal
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae? - upper jaw - hard palate - orbit - nasal septum
nasal septum
The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?
occipital
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". - occipital bone - axis - occipital bone - Csubscript2 - occipital bone - atlas - atlas - axis
occipital bone - atlas
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. - mastoid processes - occipital condyles - superior articular facets - foramen magnum
occipital condyles
The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:
olfactory fooramina
identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone - foramina ovale - olfactory foramina - optic canals - foramina rotundum
olfactory foramina
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.
palatine bones
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
palatine processes
These large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).
parietal
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.
perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
sacral
The _____________ articulates with the hip bones on the auricular surface of the ilium forming the sacroiliac joint. The sacrum makes up the back wall of the pelvic girdle.
sacrum
The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.
sagittal
The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?
sagittal
The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, surrounds the pituitary gland, and is a part of the ________ bone.
sphenoid
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
sphenoid
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
spinous process
The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body.
spinous process
The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. - sternum - sacrum - coccyx
sternum
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine
styloid process
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
t12
The _____________ bone bears a mandibular fossa that articulates with the condylar process of the mandible.
temporal
The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.
temporal
Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
temporal process
Costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae
thoracic
The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.
thoracic
This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.
thoracic
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumber region?
thoracic
The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the __________.
thoracic age
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
transverse costal facet
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
transverse process
True or False: The sphenoid bone contains a sinus
true
True or False: The superior and middle nasal conchae protrude into the nasal cavity but the middle concha is most prominent
true
True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
true
True or false: The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
true
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
tubercle
What bone forms part of the nasal septum?
vomer
Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
vomer
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
xiphoid process
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch. - zygomatic bone and temporal bone - temporal bone and nasal bone - zygomatic bone and frontal bone - zygomatic bone and maxillary bone
zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch - mastoid process - temporal process - zygomatic process - styloid process
zygomatic process
These are the cheekbones of the face.
zygomatics
