lab 10

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

How many bones of the skull are considered facial bones? __________

14

How many bones make up the nasal septum?

2 The nasal septum is composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer.

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.

3-5

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

True or False: The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.

False

True or false: The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

False: The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum

During development, individual vertebrae compose the entire vertebral column. __________ bones fuse together to form the sacrum.

Five

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?

Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view? - Mandibular body - Mandibular foramina - Mental foramina - Coronoid process

Mandibular foramina

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

What is ultimately the fate of fontanels in a child or an adult skull?

They ossify, and in time become sutures.

The sella turcica is best described as:

a depression

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.

a projection on the mandible

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

a shallow depression

A fontanelle __________. - is found only in the fetal skull - is a fibrous membrane - allows for compression of the skull during birth - all of the above

all of the above

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

atlas - axis

The ________________ _______________ articulates with the sacrum, forming the sacroilliac joint; the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone

auricular surface

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

body

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

body

You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.

cervical

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch. - bridge of nose - lower jaw - cheek - orbit

cheek

The thoracic cage includes all of the bones below except the ________.

clavicles

Identify the tailbone; it articulates w/ the vertebral column inferior to the sacrum

coccyx

this process is located anterior to the condylar process across the mandibular notch, is the insertion for the temporalis muscle, which is important in moving the jaw and chewing.

coronoid process

Eight bones make up the ____________, which encloses and protects the brain.

cranium

The occipital bone forms part of the:

cranium

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

crista galli

________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.

crista galli, ethmoid

The ________ on the axis (C2) forms a pivot point with the atlas (C1) that allows you to nod a "no." - superior articular facet - transverse foramen - posterior tubercle - dens

dens

Seven pairs of ribs articulate ________ with the sternum. - directly—the bony rib joins the bony sternum - indirectly via attachment to the costal cartilages of ribs above - only five pairs of ribs attach to the sternum, the others remain unattached - directly via costal cartilages

directly via costal cartilages

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? - large size overall - blunt spinous process - elongated spinous process - bulky centrum

elongated spinous process

The cribriform foramina, through which the fibers of cranial nerve I pass, are located in the ________ bone on the floor of the skull.

ethmoid

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? - inferior nasal concha - zygomatic - ethmoid - maxillary

ethmoid

_______________ bone is a single bone with a complex shape. The top of this bone projects up into the floor of the cranium. The middle of this bone spans the distance between the orbits, and the lowest most portion forms the superior part of the nasal septum.

ethmoid

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.

external acoustic meatus

True or False: The ethmoid bone is part of the axial

false

True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

false

True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

false

True or false: the ethmoid bone is a facial bone

false

Fontanels are

fibrous membranes in a fetal skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

foramen magnum

This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead.

frontal

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

head

This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra.

head

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

hyaline cartilage

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

in between the two orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

inferior articular processes

These facial bones increase the ability of the nasal passageways to warm and humidify incoming air.

inferior nasal conchae

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.

infraorbital foramen

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

intervertebral discs

This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.

jugular foramen

These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.

lacrimal

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?

lamina

The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________.

laterally, posteriorly

The lower jawbone, or __________, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.

mandible

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

mandibular condyle

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

mandibular condyle

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

mandibular fossa

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

mandibular notch

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

mandibular ramus

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.

manubrium

The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus.

maxilla

Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?

maxilla

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

medial

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

median sacral crest

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.

mental foramina

Which bone is not a part of the orbit?

nasal

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae? - upper jaw - hard palate - orbit - nasal septum

nasal septum

The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?

occipital

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". - occipital bone - axis - occipital bone - Csubscript2 - occipital bone - atlas - atlas - axis

occipital bone - atlas

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.

occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. - mastoid processes - occipital condyles - superior articular facets - foramen magnum

occipital condyles

The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:

olfactory fooramina

identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone - foramina ovale - olfactory foramina - optic canals - foramina rotundum

olfactory foramina

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.

palatine bones

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?

palatine processes

These large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).

parietal

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.

perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

sacral

The _____________ articulates with the hip bones on the auricular surface of the ilium forming the sacroiliac joint. The sacrum makes up the back wall of the pelvic girdle.

sacrum

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.

sagittal

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?

sagittal

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, surrounds the pituitary gland, and is a part of the ________ bone.

sphenoid

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

sphenoid

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.

spinous process

The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body.

spinous process

The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. - sternum - sacrum - coccyx

sternum

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine

styloid process

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

t12

The _____________ bone bears a mandibular fossa that articulates with the condylar process of the mandible.

temporal

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.

temporal

Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

temporal process

Costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae

thoracic

The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumber region?

thoracic

The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the __________.

thoracic age

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

transverse costal facet

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

transverse process

True or False: The sphenoid bone contains a sinus

true

True or False: The superior and middle nasal conchae protrude into the nasal cavity but the middle concha is most prominent

true

True or false: The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

true

True or false: The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

true

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

tubercle

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

vomer

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

vomer

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

xiphoid process

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch. - zygomatic bone and temporal bone - temporal bone and nasal bone - zygomatic bone and frontal bone - zygomatic bone and maxillary bone

zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

zygomatic process

Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch - mastoid process - temporal process - zygomatic process - styloid process

zygomatic process

These are the cheekbones of the face.

zygomatics