Lab 5 (exercises 10 and 11)
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx
3 - 5
Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra
Bifid spinous process
Identify the tailbone.
Coccyx
Identify the highlighted structures.
cervical
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
flexion and extension.
Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes?
plantar flexion
Name the vertebral process indicated by the arrow.
spinous
Which structures are highlighted?
spinous processes
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
thoracic
Identify the highlighted structures.
thoracic vertebra
Which structure is highlighted?
vertebral foramen
Where would hyaline cartilage be found in the skeleton? Select all that apply -costal cartilages -ends of long bones -pubic symphysis -tip of nose
-costal cartilages -ends of long bones -tip of nose
Drag and drop the labels to the appropriate spots on the knee joint model.
1. compact bone 2. articular cartilage 3. fibrous joint capsule 4. collateral ligament 5. medullary/marrow cavity 6. spongy bone 7. menisci 8. synovial membrane 9. joint cavity
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the special movements of the joints.
1. eversion 2. inversion 3. dorsiflexion 4. plantar flexion 5. opposition 6. retraction 7. protraction 8. depression 9. elevation 10. lateral flexion
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the angular movements of the joints.
1. flexion 2. extension 3. hyperextension 4. abduction 5. adduction 6. circumduction
Drag the labels to identify the structures within a synovial joint.
1. medullary cavity 2. articular cartilages 3.metaphysis 4. spongy bone 5. periosteum 6. fibrous joint capsule 7. synovial membrane 8. joint cavity 9. compact bone
Drag the labels to identify the structures on a vertebra.
1. superior articular process 2. transverse process 3. spinous process 4. inferior articular facet 5. inferior articular process 6. vertebral foramen 7. pedicle 8. vertebral
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the various types of synarthroses and amphiarthroses.
1. suture 2. gomphosis 3.synchondrosis 4. synostosis 5. syndesmosis 6. symphysis
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
Where is the spinal cord located?
5
Which structure contacts the intervertebral disc?
6
How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column?
7
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - axis
Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.
Auricular surface
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Axis
Another name for the axis is:
C2
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
Demi-facet
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? -Blunt spinous process -Elongated spinous process -Large size overall -Bulky centrum
Elongated spinous process
________ is a type of angular movement that increases the angle between articulating bones.
Extension
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?
Median sacral crest
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
Sacral
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
Sacrum.
________ is a condition characterized by the exaggerated lateral bending of the highlighted structure.
Scoliosis
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
T12
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
Transverse costal facet
Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae.
Transverse processes
A movement away from the midline of the body is called
abduction.
What is the functional classification the joint at the end of the arrow?
amphiarthrosis
Identify the highlighted structure
anterior arch
The clinical term for joint inflammation is
arthritis.
What structure covers the bony surfaces of a synovial joint to prevent the surfaces from touching? (Figure 9-1)
articular cartilage
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
atlas
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
atlas
The dens process is found on the
axis
Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?
bending the elbow
Identify the highlighted structure.
body
Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebra
cervical region
Which structures are highlighted?
cervical vertebrae and curvature
Identify the incorrect pair. -amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint -gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone -chondrosis; freely moving joint -synarthrosis; immovable joint -They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.
chondrosis; freely moving joint
Identify the highlighted bone.
coccyx
The most common type of joint inflammation is called
degenerative joint disease
A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
diarthrosis
Based on a functional classification, the hip joint is a __________.
diarthrosis
A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.
dislocation
Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is
dorsiflexion
Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?
elevation
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
false
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
false
What type of cartilage is found on the outer border of the highlighted structure?
fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage would be found in intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a
gomphosis.
In ________ crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of joints.
gouty arthritis
The highlighted structure articulates with which of the following?
head of rib
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension.
Identify the highlighted structures.
intervertebral disc
A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called
inversion.
Compression fractures associated with osteoporosis of vertebral bodies can distort the normal thoracic curvature of the vertebral column in a posterior direction. Such a distortion is called __________.
kyphosis
Identify the highlighted structure.
lamina
Identify the structure labeled "2."
lamina
Synovial joints are considered very weak joints because of the great range of motion they allow. Which of the following structures helps to stabilize a synovial joint?
ligaments
In some individuals, body fat accumulates almost exclusively in the belly region. Because of the enlarged belly, the individual has a swayback appearance. The clinical term for this distortion of the vertebral curvature is called __________.
lordosis
Identify the highlighted structures.
lumbar
Which structure is highlighted?
lumbar curvature and vertebra
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?
opening the mouth
Which of these conditions more commonly occurs with advancing age?
osteoarthritis
Identify the structure labeled "7."
pedicle
Is the highlighted structure on the anterior or the posterior side of the vertebra?
posterior
What type of arthritis is caused by an autoimmune disease?
rheumatoid arthritis
An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the
ribs with the sternum.
Which opening is highlighted?
sacral canal
Which openings are highlighted?
sacral foramina
Which structure is highlighted?
sacral promontory
The most common distortion of the spinal curvature is
scoliosis.
Identify the highlighted structure.
spinous process
Identify the structure labeled "1."
spinous process
Which structure is highlighted
superior articular facet
Which structure is highlighted?
superior articular process
Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the inferior articular processes of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae.
superior articular processes
The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is
supination and pronation
The synarthrosis that binds the two parietal bones together is a __________
suture
An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis.
As you move in an inferior direction along the vertebral column,
the vertebral bodies become relatively larger.
The spinous processes are especially long on __________ vertebrae.
thoracic
Identify the highlighted structure.
transverse costal facet
Identify the indicated structure.
transverse foramen
What is a feature unique to the highlighted vertebrae?
transverse foramina
Identify the structure labeled "3."
transverse process
Which structure is highlighted?
transverse process
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
true
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
true
The term ________ is used to describe an injury caused by displacement of the cervical vertebrae during a sudden change in body position.
whiplash
