Lab 5 (exercises 10 and 11)

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How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx

3 - 5

Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra

Bifid spinous process

Identify the tailbone.

Coccyx

Identify the highlighted structures.

cervical

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension.

Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes?

plantar flexion

Name the vertebral process indicated by the arrow.

spinous

Which structures are highlighted?

spinous processes

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

thoracic

Identify the highlighted structures.

thoracic vertebra

Which structure is highlighted?

vertebral foramen

Where would hyaline cartilage be found in the skeleton? Select all that apply -costal cartilages -ends of long bones -pubic symphysis -tip of nose

-costal cartilages -ends of long bones -tip of nose

Drag and drop the labels to the appropriate spots on the knee joint model.

1. compact bone 2. articular cartilage 3. fibrous joint capsule 4. collateral ligament 5. medullary/marrow cavity 6. spongy bone 7. menisci 8. synovial membrane 9. joint cavity

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the special movements of the joints.

1. eversion 2. inversion 3. dorsiflexion 4. plantar flexion 5. opposition 6. retraction 7. protraction 8. depression 9. elevation 10. lateral flexion

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the angular movements of the joints.

1. flexion 2. extension 3. hyperextension 4. abduction 5. adduction 6. circumduction

Drag the labels to identify the structures within a synovial joint.

1. medullary cavity 2. articular cartilages 3.metaphysis 4. spongy bone 5. periosteum 6. fibrous joint capsule 7. synovial membrane 8. joint cavity 9. compact bone

Drag the labels to identify the structures on a vertebra.

1. superior articular process 2. transverse process 3. spinous process 4. inferior articular facet 5. inferior articular process 6. vertebral foramen 7. pedicle 8. vertebral

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the various types of synarthroses and amphiarthroses.

1. suture 2. gomphosis 3.synchondrosis 4. synostosis 5. syndesmosis 6. symphysis

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

Where is the spinal cord located?

5

Which structure contacts the intervertebral disc?

6

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column?

7

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

Auricular surface

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis

Another name for the axis is:

C2

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? -Blunt spinous process -Elongated spinous process -Large size overall -Bulky centrum

Elongated spinous process

________ is a type of angular movement that increases the angle between articulating bones.

Extension

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

Median sacral crest

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

Sacrum.

________ is a condition characterized by the exaggerated lateral bending of the highlighted structure.

Scoliosis

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet

Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae.

Transverse processes

A movement away from the midline of the body is called

abduction.

What is the functional classification the joint at the end of the arrow?

amphiarthrosis

Identify the highlighted structure

anterior arch

The clinical term for joint inflammation is

arthritis.

What structure covers the bony surfaces of a synovial joint to prevent the surfaces from touching? (Figure 9-1)

articular cartilage

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

atlas

The dens process is found on the

axis

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

bending the elbow

Identify the highlighted structure.

body

Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebra

cervical region

Which structures are highlighted?

cervical vertebrae and curvature

Identify the incorrect pair. -amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint -gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone -chondrosis; freely moving joint -synarthrosis; immovable joint -They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.

chondrosis; freely moving joint

Identify the highlighted bone.

coccyx

The most common type of joint inflammation is called

degenerative joint disease

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

diarthrosis

Based on a functional classification, the hip joint is a __________.

diarthrosis

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

dislocation

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

dorsiflexion

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?

elevation

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

false

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

false

What type of cartilage is found on the outer border of the highlighted structure?

fibrocartilage

What type of cartilage would be found in intervertebral discs?

fibrocartilage

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis.

In ________ crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of joints.

gouty arthritis

The highlighted structure articulates with which of the following?

head of rib

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension.

Identify the highlighted structures.

intervertebral disc

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called

inversion.

Compression fractures associated with osteoporosis of vertebral bodies can distort the normal thoracic curvature of the vertebral column in a posterior direction. Such a distortion is called __________.

kyphosis

Identify the highlighted structure.

lamina

Identify the structure labeled "2."

lamina

Synovial joints are considered very weak joints because of the great range of motion they allow. Which of the following structures helps to stabilize a synovial joint?

ligaments

In some individuals, body fat accumulates almost exclusively in the belly region. Because of the enlarged belly, the individual has a swayback appearance. The clinical term for this distortion of the vertebral curvature is called __________.

lordosis

Identify the highlighted structures.

lumbar

Which structure is highlighted?

lumbar curvature and vertebra

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

opening the mouth

Which of these conditions more commonly occurs with advancing age?

osteoarthritis

Identify the structure labeled "7."

pedicle

Is the highlighted structure on the anterior or the posterior side of the vertebra?

posterior

What type of arthritis is caused by an autoimmune disease?

rheumatoid arthritis

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

ribs with the sternum.

Which opening is highlighted?

sacral canal

Which openings are highlighted?

sacral foramina

Which structure is highlighted?

sacral promontory

The most common distortion of the spinal curvature is

scoliosis.

Identify the highlighted structure.

spinous process

Identify the structure labeled "1."

spinous process

Which structure is highlighted

superior articular facet

Which structure is highlighted?

superior articular process

Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the inferior articular processes of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae.

superior articular processes

The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is

supination and pronation

The synarthrosis that binds the two parietal bones together is a __________

suture

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis.

As you move in an inferior direction along the vertebral column,

the vertebral bodies become relatively larger.

The spinous processes are especially long on __________ vertebrae.

thoracic

Identify the highlighted structure.

transverse costal facet

Identify the indicated structure.

transverse foramen

What is a feature unique to the highlighted vertebrae?

transverse foramina

Identify the structure labeled "3."

transverse process

Which structure is highlighted?

transverse process

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

true

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

true

The term ________ is used to describe an injury caused by displacement of the cervical vertebrae during a sudden change in body position.

whiplash


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