Lab Practical I

Blood type ___ is considered the universal recipient within the ABO blood group.

AB

The ______ node is located in the inferior portion of the interatrial septum.

AV

The fibers that carry cardiac impulses from the interventricular septum into the myocardium are called _____ fibers

AV

The _______ of the conduction system is located through our ventricular walls.

AV Bundle

The first sound of cardiac cycle occurs when the __________ are closing

AV Valve

The First heart sound occurs when

AV Valves close

The P wave corresponds to depolarization of the muscle fibers of the

AV valves

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Anchor AV valve cusps during ventricular contraction.

One cardiac cycle will consist of

Atrial chamber contractions followed by ventricular chamber contractions

The surface of red blood cells in a person with type B blood has

B - antigens.

The serum of a person with type A blood has

B antibodies

During ventricular contraction, the AV valves are ________________.

Closed

Supplies blood to heart muscle

Coronary artery

The period during which a heart chamber is relaxing is called

Diastole

An __________ is a recording of electrical changes occurring in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle.

EKG

Inner lining of heart chamber

Endocardium

Mature red blood cells are also called

Erythrocytes

TRUE or FALSE: The systemic circuit delivers blood to the lungs and back to the heart.

False; circulatory

________ within the spleen engulf and destroy foreign particles and cellular debris.

Macrophages

The sound created when blood leaks back through an incompletely closed valve is called a

Murmur

Blood type ____ is considered the universal donor within the ABO blood group.

O

During ventricular relaxation, the AV Valves are _______________.

Open

Space containing serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats

Pericardial cavity

membranes around the heart

Pericardial sac

The depolarization of ventricular fibers is indicated by__________ of an EKG

QRS Complex

In the ventricles, the depolarizing phase of the action potential is associated with the

QRS complex

Normally, the ______ node serves as the pacemaker of the heart.

SA

The __________ of the conduction system is know as the pacemaker

SA Node

The second sound of cardiac cycle occurs when the _________ are closing

Semilunar Valves

The period during which a heart chamber is contracting is called

Systole

TRUE or FALSE: Chordae tendinae connect the cusps of the AV valves to papillary muscles of the ventricles.

True

The pulmonary and aortic valve open when the pressure in the _____________ exceeds pressure in pulmonary trunk and aorta.

Ventricles

Lymph enters through an_________ lymphatic vessel.

afferent

White blood cells lacking granular cytoplasm are called

agranulocytes

Distributes blood to body organs except lungs

aorta

The _______ is the inferior end of the heart that is bluntly pointed.

apex

The two superior chambers are the

atria

Arteries carry blood

away from the heart

__________ are normally the least abundant of the white blood cells

basophil

During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract

before the ventricles.

The shape of a red blood cell can be described as a

biconcave disc

Which of the following arteries is not a direct branch of the aorta?

brachial artery

Lymphatic passageways begin as lymphatic _________ that merge to form lymphatic collecting vessels.

capillaries

A ______ of connective tissue surrounds the spleen.

capsule

Drains blood from myocardial capillaries

cardiac vein

The function of red blood cells are

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Lymph finally flows into lymphatic _____ just before connecting to a blood vessel.

collecting ducts

The middle layer of an artery and vein contains mostly

connective tissue

What is the function of the chordae tendinae?

connects AV valve cusps to papillary muscles

Drains blood from myocardium into right atrium

coronary sinus

The P-wave in the human EKG is associated with the

depolarization of the atria.

The ______ lines the heart chambers

endocardium

White blood cells with coarse reddish cytoplasmic granules are called

eosinophils

TRUE or FALSE: The P wave of an EKG occurs during the repolarization of the atria.

false; depolarization

White blood cells with granular cytoplasm are called

granulocytes

_____________ is the oxygen-carrying substance in a red blood cell.

hemoglobin

The intended region where blood vessels and nerves join a lymph node is called the

hilum

The lymph nodes associated with the lymphatic vessels that drain the lower limbs are located in the _______ region.

inguinal

The _______ has the thickest wall

left atrium

Oxygen-rich blood is located in the

left-side chambers.

White blood cells are also called

leukocytes

Once tissue fluid is inside a lymph capillary, the fluid is called

lymph

Which cell has a large nucleus that fills most of the cell?

lymphocyte

Lymph nodes contain large numbers of white blood cells called ______ and macrophages that fight invading microorganisms.

lymphocytes

___________ are small agranulocytes that have relatively large, round nuclei with thin rims of cytoplasm.

lymphocytes

The thymus is located in the ______, anterior to the aortic arch.

mediastinum

Which heart valve has two cusps instead of three cusps?

mitral

Which of the following is the atrioventricular valve?

mitral

Prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium.

mitral valve

Which of the following is among the agranulocytes?

monocyte

__________ are the largest of the white blood cells

monocytes

Layer largely composed of cardiac muscle tissue

myocardium

The surface of red blood cells in a person with type O blood has

neither A nor B antigens.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte is another name for a _______ with a segmented nucleus

neutrophil

Which white blood cell has the greatest nuclear variations?

neutrophil

Normally, the most numerous white blood cells are

neutrophils

Lymphatic vessels usually lead to lymph _______ that filter the fluid being transported.

nodes

Lymph _________ that contain germinal centers are the structural units of a lymph node.

nodules

A mature red blood cell cannot reproduce because it lacks the ________ that was extruded during late development.

nucleus

The antigens related to the ABO blood group are located

on the red blood cell membrane

Structure from which choridae tendinae originate

papillary muscle

Small cell fragments that function to prevent blood loss from an injury site are called

platelets

Which of the following have significant functions mainly during bleeding?

platelets

Gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries.

pulmonary trunk

The _______ pulp of the spleen contains large numbers of red blood cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages.

red

A _________ lacks a nucleus

red blood cell

The right lymphatic duct drains only the _____ quadrant of the body.

right upper

The spaces within a lymph node are called lymph _______ through which lymph circulates.

sinuses

The ________ is the largest of the lymphatic organs.

spleen

Lymph drainage from collecting ducts enter the ___________ veins.

subclavian

An antigen is a molecule

that has the capacity to initiate an immune response.

If the blood from an individual with type AB blood is mixed with anti A serum and anti B serum

the anti A serum and the anti B serum will show agglutination.

The AV valves close and produce the "lub" sound when

the ventricles contract.

The semilunar valves close and produce the "dub" sound when

the ventricles relax

The _________ is the larger and longer of the two lymphatic collecting ducts.

thoracic duct

The ______ is very large in a child and will atrophy in advanced age.

thymus

The lymphoid organs in the pharynx that are possible infection site are collectively called

tonsils

Prevents blood movement from right ventricle to right atrium

tricuspid

TRUE or FALSE: The dub sound occurs when the semilunar valves are closing during ventricular diastole.

true

TRUE or FALSE: The right and left coronary arteries containing oxygen-rich blood originate from the base of the aorta

true

Lymphatic vessels contain ______ that help prevent backflow of lymph.

valves

The T wave corresponds to the repolarization of the muscle fibers in the

ventricles

The QRS complex corresponds to depolarization of the muscle fibers of the

ventricles.

The tiny islands of tissue within the spleen that contain many lymphocytes comprise the _____ pulp.

white

The D antigen related to the Rh factor is present in about

85%