Lab Values

Normal Range of Sodium(Na+)

134-142

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute renal failure related to hypoperfusion. When reviewing the patient's creatinine levels, the nurse would conclude that the normal kidney function has returned with a creatinine level of: 4.1 mg/dL 2.2 mg/dL 1.8 mg/dL 1.2 mg/dL

1.2

Magnesium normal range

1.2-1.9

A client has been admitted for urinary tract infection and dehydration. The nurse determines that the client has received adequate volume replacement if the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level drops to which value? 6 mg/dL 15 mg/dL 29 mg/dL 35 mg/dL

15 mg

While educating a patient on lifestyle changes to decrease total cholesterol, the nurse tells the patient that the goal for total cholesterol is less than: 250 mg/dL 130 mg/dL 60 mg/dL 200 mg/dL

200 mg

A client with a history of cardiac disease is scheduled for a dose of furosemide (Lasix). Which serum potassium level warrants a call to the health care provider by the nurse before administering the furosemide? 3.2 3.8 4.2 5.2

3.2

Potassium Normal range

3.5-5.0

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which client is most likely to have a serum phosphorus level of 2.0 mg/dL? A client receiving chemotherapy A client with hypoparathyroidism A client with a history of alcoholism A client admitted with vitamin D intoxication

A client with a history of alcoholism

The nurse is obtaining the report for a group of assigned clients. The nurse plans to monitor the serum potassium levels in which clients at risk or hyperkalemia? Select all that apply. A client with ulcerative colitis A client with a new burn injury A client with cushing's syndrome A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury A client who has a history of long-term laxative abuse

A client with a new burn injury A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury

Causes of Hyponatremia

Addisons disease Renal insuff. Burns/wounds Ketonuria Cirrhosis

A male patient has the following labs: Arterial pH 7.29, platelet count of 200,000, WBC of 8,000, magnesium of 2.1. Which result is critical and should be reported to the physician immediately? Magnesium Arterial pH WBC Platelets

Arterial pH

What MUST you monitor when taking corticosteroids?

Blood sugar

How does Hyperkalemia Present

Cardiac Arrest Muscle weakness Bradycardia Heart Block V-Fib

A client enters the emergency department confused, twitching, and having seizures. His family states he was recently placed on corticosteroids for arthritis and was feeling better and exercising daily. On data collection, he has flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, an elevated temperature and poor skin turgor. His serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. Which interventions would the primary health care provider likely prescribe? Select all that apply. Monitor vital signs Monitor electrolyte levels Monitor intake and output Increase water intake orally Maintain sodium-reduced diet Administer hypertonic-saline intravenously

Monitor vital signs Monitor electrolyte levels Monitor intake & Output Increase water intake orally Maintain sodium reduced diet

Meds related to Hypernatremia

NSAIDS laxatives BC pill Corticosteroids

Major ION in ECF

Na+

ABGs were obtained with the following result pH 7.42 pCo2 38 HcO3 29 What is the finding?

Normal ABGS

The nurse is reading a client's urinalysis report. The nurse interprets which item found on the report to be considered abnormal? pH 6 Positive protein Negative glucose Specific gravity of 1.018.

Positive Protein

A client is at risk for developing hypocalcemia. The nurse determines which signs are associated with this electrolyte disturbance? Select all that apply. Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Positive Trousseau's sign Hypoactive bowel sounds Fine tremors noted in hands

Positive Trousseau's sign Fine tremors in hands

The nurse is assessing a patient after returning from surgery. After reviewing the patient's lab results, the nurse should notify the physician of: Sodium 144 mEq/L Phosphorus 3.8 mg/dL Potassium 3.1 mEq/L Magnesium 1.4 mEq/L

Potassium 3.1

The nurse reviews the client's laboratory data. Which data warrant an immediate call to the health care provider? Sodium 138 mEq/L Potassium 4.3 mEq/L Calcium 7.2 mg/dL 2 mg/dL

Potassium 4.3

Meds related to Hypokalemia

Thiazide(diuretic) K+ wasting- Furosemide Licorice abuse corticosteroids

ABG's were drawn with the following results: pH 7.18 pCo2 42 HcO3 19 What is the findings?

Uncompensated Met Alk

ABG's were drawn with the following results: pH 7.89 pCo2 51f HcO3 29 What is the findings?

Uncompensated Met. Alk

The nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L. The nurse relates which of the client's signs and symptoms to this electrolyte imbalance? Select all that apply. Dry flaky skin Bleeding from the gums Weakness from the gums Confusion with garbled speech Diarrhea with abdominal cramping

Weakness from the gums Confusion with garbled speech Diarrhea with abd cramping

A patient who has undergone neck surgery for removal of parathyroid gland states that he is experiencing muscle twitching and spasms. The physician orders blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. The expects that: PTH Levels are high Serum calcium is high Phosphate levels are high Serum calcium level is low

serum calcium level is low

A primary health care provider (PHCP) has written a prescription for calcium carbonate for the client with hypocalcemia. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with the client and should include which instructions? Select all that apply. Take the calcium carbonate with or just after meals Avoid foods such as beets, spinach and bran in the diet Take the medication with a full glass of water It is permissible to swallow whole and not chew the chewable tablets It is permissible to take an extra calcium pill if the client develops tremors

take the calcium carbonate with or just after meals Avoid foods such as beets, spinach and bran in the diet Take the medication with a full glass of water

he nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client hospitalized with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The client has a magnesium level of 1.0 mEq/L (0.5 mmol/L). Which nursing interventions should the nurse initiate? Select all that apply. Monitor the client for dysrhythmias. Instruct the client to consume low-calcium foods. Instruct the client to include a banana in the daily diet. Instruct the client to consume foods low in magnesium Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP) of the lab results

Monitor for dysrhythmias Notify the PHCP of the lab results

How does Hypokalemia present

Pre-term labor Leg Cramps Tachy Constipation Cardiac arrest EKG changes Hypotension dec. reflexes

The metabolic panel of a client reveals a calcium level of 6.5 mg/dL. Based on this lab finding, which additional data specific to this calcium level should the nurse collect? Select all that apply. Presence of chvostek's sign Presence of muscle weakness Presence of decreased deep tendon reflexes Presence of electrocardiogram abnormalities Presence of tingling in the fingertips and around the mouth Presence of carpal spasms when blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic blood pressure for a few minutes

Presence of Chvostek's sign Presence of EKG Abnormalities Presence of tingling in the fingertips and around the mouth Presence of carpal spasms when blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic blood pressure for a few minutes

Causes of Hyperkalemia

Renal failure DKA Addison's Excessive K+ Supplements Infection Tissue/Injury Blood transfusion

Causes of Hypermagnesemia

Renal failure Rapid infusions of K+ Hep. Addisons Leukemia Oliguria Dehydration DKA

The nurse reviews an assigned client's lab report and notes a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L). The nurse should determine that this is an expected finding if the client had which health problems? Select all that apply. Diarrhea Ulcerative colitis Severe burn injury Cushing's syndrome Untreated ketoacidosis

Severe burn injury Untreated Ketoacidosis

The nurse is reviewing the metabolic panel of an adult patient in sepsis. The nurse would suspect acute renal failure with which of the following blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine lab values? BUN 38 mg/mL and creatinine 1.2 mg/dL BUN 42 mg/dL and creatinine 3.4 mg/dL BUN 9 mg/dL and creatinine 0.8 mg/dL BUN 18 mg/dL and creatinine 1.1mg/dL

BUN 42 mg/dL and creatinine 3.4 mg/dL

Labs were drawn on a client with the following results: Sodium 138 Chloride 90 Potassium 4.0 Magnesium 1.6 Phosphate 6.0 Calcium 7.5 BUN 35 Creatinine 1.3 Which of the following results need reporting to the physician?

Chloride Phosphate calcium 7.5 BUN 35

ABG's were drawn with the following results: pH 7.36 pCo2 53 HcO3 30 What is the findings?

Compensated Resp Acidosis

Causes of Hypernatremia

Cushings disease DI Excessive fluid loss Malnutrition renal insuff

Causes of Hypokalemia

DKA dec. K+ diet ETOH Anorexic/Bulemia Increased output N/V/D Lax abuse Cushing's

How does hypermagnesemia present

Diaphoretic N/V Drowsiness Lethargy Weakness/Flaccidity

Meds related to Hyponatremia

Diuretics Morphine SSRI

How does Hyponatremia present

Fatigue HA Diarrhea Orthostatic HTN Lethargy Sz Coma N/V Edema Decreased reflexes

Which condition is Rhabdomylosis related to

Hyperkalemia

The nurse is caring for a client with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) on dialysis. The client asks why milk, chocolate milk and soft drinks are not allowed in the diet order. The nurse explain that these foods should be avoided to decrease the risk of which conditions? Select all that apply. Hypophosphatemia Hyponatremia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hypernatremia Hyperphosphatemia

Hypophosphatemia hypercalcemia hyperphosphatemia

Meds related to Hypermagnesemia

Increased use of antacids & MOM Lithium

The nurse admits a client with a diagnosis of dehydration and a positive history of cancer to the nursing unit. The client is extremely weak and has an irregular heart pulse rhythm. There are absent bowel sounds, and the client's last bowel movement was 4 days earlier. The nurse plans to review serum electrolyte levels because the client is at high risk for which electrolyte imbalance? Hyponatremia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia

hypercalcemia

A patient in the ER was admitted due to HTN with a BP of 160/100 mm/Hg. Blood test shows potassium level is a 5.5 mEq/L, calcium is 9.2 mg/dL, sodium is 139 and ECG results show irregular cardiac rhythms. What imbalance is the patient experiencing? Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypernatremia

hyperkalemia

The nurse determines that sodium polystyrene sulfonate(Kayexalate) has been effective if which lab result is noted? Serum sodium is 148 Serum glucose is 110 Serum chloride is 119 Serum potassium is 4.9

potassium 4.9

A client is suspected of having a myocardial infarction. The nurse should expect elevations in which isoenzyme value reported with the creatinine kinase? MM MB BB MK

MB

The nurse is assessing a patient after returning from surgery. After reviewing the patient's lab results, the nurse should notify the physician of: Sodium 146 mEq/L Phosphorus 3.8 mg/L Potassium 3.6 mEq/L Magnesium 1.1 mEq/L

Magnesium 1.1

How does hypernatremia present

increased HB Edema Decreased UOP agitation Cognitive changes Lethargy