LabCe Study

Pleural fluid was sent to the laboratory for a WBC count. The specimen was NOT diluted.WBCs in 5 large squares were counted in each side of the hemacytometer.The number of WBCs counted were as follows:Top counting chamber: 35 cells total (in 5 large squares)Bottom counting chamber: 33 cells total (in 5 large squares)Based on the information provided above, calculate the total WBC count.

68 cells/mm3

Which of the following best describes a hemoglobinopathy?

A substitution of an amino acid in the hemoglobin chain

The renal threshold is best described as:

Concentration at which a substance in the blood spills into urine

Koch's postulates include all of the following EXCEPT for which statement?

The isolated organism, when injected into a human host, will produce the disease.

Twelve weeks after onset of the disease, patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis B usually will demonstrate which of the following in their serum?

Anti-HBe

Which of the following autoantibodies would be usually found in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Antithyroid peroxidase (TPO)

Which one of the following is the most common form of childhood leukemia?

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

All of the following are Lancefield carbohydrate antigens found on beta hemolytic Streptococcus species. All of the following antigens are found on organisms from the Streptococcus anginosus group EXCEPT?

B

Which of the following leukocytes is most directly associated with antibody production?

B-Cell

All of the following factors would cause an increase erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values EXCEPT?

Blood drawn into sodium citrate anticoagulant

Identify the hemoglobin bands present, from cathode (negative) to anode (positive), in the sample shown in lane 5 of this alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis.

C,S,A

Which of the following would be the most characteristic finding in synovial fluid in a case of pseudogout?

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals

Which one of the following statements concerning phagocytosis is FALSE?

Cells are only capable of phagocytizing bacteria.

CSF lymphocytosis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Cerebral abscess

Where does most cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originate

Choroid plexus

A 62-year-old man drank an unknown liquid in a suicide attempt, and his urine contained crystals similar in shape to those shown in this image. This man MOST likely ingested:

Ethylene glycol

Which of the following is the MOST commonly used anticoagulant in the routine hematology laboratory?

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

VDRL and RPR are examples of which of the following types of test methodologies?

Flocculation

How would the RBCs appear on the peripheral blood smear if the red cell indices obtained on a patient are as follows:MCV 88.5 f1MCH 30.2 pgMCHC 33.1 %

Normocytic, normochromic

A 5-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. A complete blood count produced these results:CBC ParameterPatient ResultReference IntervalWBC9.6 x 109/L4.3 - 10.8 x 109/LHemoglobin9.1 g/dL11.5 - 13.5 g/dLHCT28%37 - 48%MCV80 fL86 - 98 fLRDW13.111 - 15Platelets90.1 x 109/L150 - 450 x 109/L The peripheral blood smear is represented in the image to the right. Which of the following condition(s) could be present in this patient when considering the information above and the cells indicated by the arrows on the peripheral smear?

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A low CSF glucose level is associated with all the following EXCEPT:

Hyperglycemia

Hereditary hemochromatosis has been found to result from genetic mutations of which HFE is the most common. This mutation causes hemochromatosis by which of the following mechanisms?

Impairs hepcidin regulation of ferroportin activity

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Nucleated red blood cells can cause a falsely decreased white blood count.

What part of an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule exists as kappa or lambda chains?

Light chains

what is the primary target of HBV?

Liver

Which of the following set of results would be consistent for a patient with the following findings: macrocytosis, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia?

MCV 115 fL; Hgb 7.5 g/dL; WBC 2.5 x 103/µL; Platelets 75,000/µL

Which of the following may be seen in a CSF sample of a patient that has a subarachnoid (intracranial) hemorrhage (SAH)?

Macrophages containing hemosiderin

Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex genes encode for:

Molecules that present antigen to CD4+ T cells

The pale-staining cytoplasmic bodies marked by the arrow in the image may be seen in each of the following conditions EXCEPT?

Mucopolysaccharidosis

What is the primary functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

patient with suspected intraabdominal malignancy had a paracentesis performed. The fluid was then sent to the laboratory for examination and fluid differential. Which cells predominate in this cytospin field from the patient's sample?

Plasma cells

Which of the following stages of neutrophilic granulocyte cellular development is at the second stage from the least mature stage?

Promyelocyte

Which of the following types of molecules is most likely to be antigenic/immunogenic?

Proteins

Which one of the following are normal genes that induce DNA synthesis, promote cell division, and inhibit cell death?

Proto-oncogenes

The primary purpose of neutrophil granules is to:

Provide microbicidal action.

Which testing method is appropriate for identifying specific allergens?

Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST)

What is the most common early abnormality observed in the lymph nodes of AIDS patients?

Reactive lymphadenopathy

The prozone effect can be described by all of the following EXCEPT:

Results in a false positive reaction

In order to avoid falsely elevated spinal fluid cell counts one should:

Select an aliquot from the last tube collected

An 8-year-old girl's peripheral blood smear is shown in the image on the right. Based on the peripheral blood image, what is a likely diagnosis?

Sickle cell disease

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow:

Spermatozoa

Patients with antibody to the following antigen are immune to Hepatitis B:

Surface antigen

Which antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern is seen in the image on the right, which represents the result of an ANA test viewed using fluorescent microscopy? Note: (a) points to the nuclei of interphase cells, the primary consideration for discerning the ANA pattern and (b) indicates a metaphase mitotic cell.

There is no discernable pattern

Identify the urine sediment elements present in this illustration:

Tyrosine crystals

All of the following statements are true regarding the reagent strip test procedure, EXCEPT?

When visually reading the reagent strip, all results can be read immediately after dipping the strip in the urine specimen.

A yellow coloration found in fresh cerebrospinal fluid supernatant is termed:

Xanthochromia

The constituents that are indicated by the arrows in this image of a stained urine sediment are:

Yeast

All of the following are types of epithelial cells that line the genitourinary system EXCEPT:

flattened cells

All of the following formed elements may be present in urine sediment and can be identified microscopically, EXCEPT:

protein

All of the following would be considered a part of the body's cellular immune system EXCEPT?

thrombocytes