lactose in/tolerance

lactase

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose.

lactose

a sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing glucose and galactose units.

Was the evolution to lactase persistence driven by drinking milk?

Although most early European farmers would not have been lactase persistent, they would still have been able to consume fermented milk products such as yoghurt and cheese, because fermentation converts much of the lactose into fats. But in famine conditions, such as when crops fail, they are likely to have eaten all the fermented milk foods, leaving only the more high-lactose products. This would have caused the usual lactose intolerance symptoms such as diarrhea. Diarrhea in in healthy people is not usually life-threatening, but in severely malnourished individuals it certainly can be. So famine could have led to episodes of very strong natural selection favoring lactase persistence. -------------------------------------------------------- The Africans and Europeans consumed a lot of milk because they favored their cows. Milk was discovered 9,000 years ago in Europe and 5,000 years ago in Africa. They found out through pots.

who gets lactose intolerance

Asian, African, native american, Hispanic; inflammation of the small intestine(celiac disease);certain medicines can tamper with your lactase level and can trigger temporary lactose intolerance; after certain infections can trigger temp. lactose intolerance intolerance;usually older than 30 people, get lactose intolerance

natural selection/ mutation

In Europe they had a mutation in their genes which led to lactose persistence. In Africa they had a different mutation, but they also had lactose persistence/

lactose intolerance

The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose,that is found in milk and dairy products

What caused the mutation that occurred to let some humans consume lactose?

Thousands of years ago, a mutation in the human genome allowed many adults to digest lactose and drink milk. ... Up until several thousand years ago, that enzyme turned off once a person grew into adulthood — meaning most adults were lactose intolerant (or "lactase nonpersistent," as scientists call it).

lactose intolerant people

do not produce enough lactase enzymes to break down lactose. lactose sits in the large intestine getting eaten by bacteria. Symptoms include: bloating, gas, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.;

lactose is:

found in all mammals, must be broken down(digested) to glucose and galactose, digestion is done by an enzyme(proteins that speed chemical reactions)

hydrolysis(breakdown) of lactose sugar

lactose water galactose glucose C12H22 + H20 ----->C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (reactants) (products)

treatments for lactose intolerant people

lactose-free milk, lactase enzyme supplement, eat dairy/non-dairy foods together,drinks with calcium, eat foods with calcium

lactose persistence

the ability to produce the enzyme lactase to digest dairy throughout their lives. 1/3 of people in the world have it. If the body is still making lactase, the glucose levels will increase after dairy consumption.

lactose tolerance

unusual condition ability to digest lactose

Whats in milk?

water + protein(casein) + fats/carbohydrates(for energy:sugar(lactose) + calcium

breaking down lactose

when a person eats a dairy product containing lactose, an enzyme, called lactase breaks it down into simpler sugar forms called glucose and galactose. These sugars are turned into energy for their bodies.