human nutrition EXAM 1

Which of the following statements is true? (A) Phytochemicals are antioxidants produced by animal cells. (B) An essential nutrient must be supplied by the diet. (C) People develop scurvy when their diets lack vitamin E. (D) Under certain conditions, the human body can make iron, copper, and zinc.

(B) An essential nutrient must be supplied by the diet.

The recommended amount of a nutrient is 100 mg. Therefore, a megadose of this nutrient would be ________.

1 g

A serving of food contains 30 g fat, 2 g protein, 3 g carbohydrate, 5 mg iron, 600 mg calcium, and 250 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ________ kcal.

290

Josh weighs 175 kg. What is his approximate weight in pounds?

385

Which of the following agricultural practices is recommended because it can improve the environment

Applying irrigation water directly to the roots of crops

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________.

BONDS

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________.

Enzymes

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

Nutrients are life-sustaining substances in food. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability. People are born with the ability to choose a nutritious variety of foods. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to the ten leading causes of death, including influenza and pneumonia.

In the United states, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death

Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. Enzymes can function as electrolytes. Most enzymes have names that end with -ase. After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function.

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.

Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans. Strawberries are an energy-dense food. According to nutrition experts, junk foods have no nutritional value. Most naturally occurring foods contain more than one nutrient.

Most foods contain more than one nutrient

A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child. At the end of the study period, the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD. This is an example of a ________ study

PROSPECTIVE

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ________ in 2010 than in 1970.

Red Meats

The School Lunch and Breakfast programs are available to low- and middle-income children in 20 states. The School Breakfast Program offers free or reduced-cost breakfasts to children, regardless of their family incomes. Meals on Wheels provides nutritious meals for pregnant, low-income women who are too sick to leave their homes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food.

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more animal protein and fewer fruits than the traditional American diet. According to Jewish dietary laws, pork and pork by-products can be eaten if milk is consumed with them. The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products. People who follow the religion of Islam must drink red wine with the main meal of the day.

The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products.

MyPlate a. can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences. b. uses the same food groupings as the Exchange System. c. was replaced by MyPyramid in 2014. d. classifies olives in the oil foods group.

a. can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences.

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.

avoid overeating during meals.

Lynne wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar-sweetened soft drink that supplies 200 kcal/serving. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, and alcohol. To obtain this value, she should ________.

divide the number of kcal by 4. 01.03

A scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. She cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it ________.

does not contain dietary ingredients

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream?

Protons carry negative charges.

false

Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from ________.

heart disease

A(n) ________ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

The energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of ________.

kilocalories

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

not worry, because she is not constipated.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Grape drink Soy milk French fries Olive oil

olive oil?

A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of

pseudoscience

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the ________ for the vitamin.

rda

Sheena prepared a casserole with canned tuna, cooked egg noodles, shredded Cheddar cheese, and mayonnaise. She would like to serve the casserole with side dishes or beverages that would make the entire meal have items from 4 different food groups. Which of the following items should she include?

tomato