Multicultural Counseling

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

trustworthiness

a motivational component that encompasses trust, honesty, and genuiness of a therapist

criminality/assumption of criminal status

a person of color is presumed to be dangerous, a criminal, or a deviant based on their race

empowering and validating the self

a process of interrupting the racism by calling it what it is and staying true to one's thoughts and feelings - the an incident is related to racism as they thought

denial of individual racism/sexism/heterosexism

a statement made when bias is denied

microaggressions

bried and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults that potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological impact on the target person or group

microaggressions

brief, everyday exchanges that send "denigrating messages" to a target group such as people of color, women, and gays - subtle in nature, can be manifested in verbal, nonverbal, visual, or behavioral realm

bicultural

capable of functioning in two different cultural environments

problem solving set

client is concerned about obtaining correct information that has adaptive value in the real world

cultural competence is superordinate to.....

clinical competence

culture

consists of all those things that people have learned to do, believe, value, and enjoy. totality of the ideals, beliefs, skills, tools, customs, and institutions into which each member of society is born

credibilty

constellation of characteristics that makes certain individuals appear worthy of belief, capable, entitled to confidence, reliable and trustworthiness

inter-personal influence process

counselor uses social power to influence the client's attitudes and behaviors - therapist's effectiveness tends to depend on the client's perception of his or her expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness

emic

culture-specific views of concepts and goals

dilemna 1 or microaggressions: clash of racial identities

individuals in power positions do not consider themselves capable of discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation because they believe themselves free of bias - perceptions held by the dominant group differ significantly from marginalized groups in our society

multidimensional model for developing cultural competence

integrates three important features with effective multicultural counseling including group specific worldviews, components of cultural competence, and foci of therapeutic interventions

playing it cool

intended to prevent Whites from knowing what the minority person is thinking or feeling and to express feelings and behaviors in such a way as to prevent offending or threatening Whites

white privilege

invisible knapsack of unearned assets that can be used to cash in each day for advantages not given to those that do not fit this mold

culturally deprived

lacking a cultural background

aversive racism

manifested in individuals who consciously assert egalitarian values, but unconsciously hold anti-minority feelings - sympathize with victims of past injustice, support principles of racial equality, and regard themselves as nonprejudiced but possess negative feelings and beliefs about historically disadvantaged groups that may be unconscious

feminization of the workforce

more women, single and married, are playing a larger and more significant role in society

Foci or therapeutic interventions

must not confine perspectives to just individual treatment , but must be able to intervene effectively at the professional, organizational, and societal levels

group specific worldviews

need to consider specific cultural group worldviews associated with race, gender, and sexual orientation

second class citizen

occurs when a target group member receives differential treatment from the power group

traditional gender role prejudicing and stereotyping

occurs when expectation of traditional roles or stereotypes are conveyed

assumption of abnormality

occurs when it is implied that there is something wrong with being LGB

sexual objectification

occurs when women are treated like objects at men's disposal

consistency set

people who change an opinion, belief, or behavior in such a way as to make it consistent with other opinions, beliefs, or behaviors - due this to reduce the dissonance

culturally diverse model

person blame focus, emphasis on minority pathology, and a use of White middle class definitions of desirable and undesirable behavior

economic state

person is influenced because of the perceived rewards and punishments that the source is able to deliver - person performs a behavior or states a belief in order to gain rewards and avoid punishments

genetically deficient model

portrayal of people of color in literature has generally taken the form of portraying them as deficient in certain undesirable attributes

individual

professionals must deal with their own biases, prejudices, and misinformation/lack of information regarding culturally diverse groups in our society

QUOID

quiet, ugly, old, indigent, and dissimilar culturally

Tripartite framework for understanding multiple dimensions of identity

race, culture, and other group dimensions may influence identity, values, beliefs, behaviors, and the perception of reality

intrinsic factors that explain problems encountered by minorities

racial inferiority and incompatible value systems instead of failure of society

changing complexion of the workforce or diversification of the United States

rapid increase in racial/ethnic minorities due to immigration rates and differential birth rates

culturally diverse

recognize the legitimacy of alternative lifestyles, the value of differences, advantages of being bicultural

marginal person

refer's to a person's inability to form dual ethnic identification because of bicultural membership

microinsult

type of microaggression that are unintentional behaviors or verbal comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person's racial heritage identity, gender identity, or sexual orientation identity

microinvalidation

type of microaggression that are verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of the target group - unintentional and usually outside of the person's awareness

microassault

type of microaggression that is blatant, verbal, nonverbal or an environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments

modern homonegativity

belief that prejudice against LGB persons no longer exists and that this group contributes to its own marginalization by overemphasizing sexual orientation

overt sexism

blatant, unequal, and unfair treatment of women

organizational

if organizational policies and practices deny equal access and opportunity for different groups or oppress them then they should become the targets for change

professional

if professional standards and codes of ethics in mental health practice are culture bound, then they must be changed to reflect a multicultural worldview

Black Rage

in order to survive in a White racist society have developed a highly functional survival mechanism to protect them against possible physical and psychological harm

sociodemographic and diverse backgrounds

inclusive and encompass race, culture, gender, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, elderly, women, and disability

minority standard time

the tendency of poor people to have a low regard for punctuality

mild dissociation

African Americans may separate their true selves from their roles as "Negroes" - true self is revealed to fellow Blacks, while the dissociated self is revealed to meet the expectations of prejudiced Whites

cultural competence

ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems

expertness

ability variable that depends on how well informed, capable, or intelligent others percieve the counselor

cultural competent professional

actively in the process of becoming aware of his or her own assumptions about human behavior, values, biases, preconceived notions, personal limitations also actively attempts to understand the worldview of his/her culturally different client and is in the process of actively developing and practicing appropriate relevant, and sensitive intervention strategies, and skills in working with his/her culturally different client

Universal level

all individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals, homo sapiens, ability to use symbols , self-awareness, biological and physical similarities, common life experiences

Individual level

all individuals are, in some respects, like no other individuals, uniqueness, includes genetic endowment and non-shared experiences

Group level

all individuals are, in some respects, like some other individuals, similarities and differences, i.e. gender, race, age, and ethnicity

expertness

an ability component that is a function of how much knowledge, training, experience and skills clinicians possess with repsect to the populations being treated

skills component

an ability to determine and use culturally appropriate intervention strategies when working with different groups in our society

attitudes/beliefs component - awareness

an understanding of one's own cultural conditioning that affects the personal beliefs, values, and attitudes of a culturally diverse population

old-fashioned homonegativity

antigay sentiment that is based on religious or moral condemnations

ascription of intelligence

assigning intelligence to a person of color or a woman based on their race/gender

abormality

behaviors that occur less frequently - does not take into account differences in time, community standards, or cultural values

five components of ethnocentric monoculturalism

belief in superiority of others, belief in inferiority of others, power to impose standards, manifestation in institutions, and the invisible veil

trustworthiness

dependent on the degree to which people perceive the communicator as motivated to make invalid assertions

components of cultural competence

division of awareness, knowledge, and skills to define cultural competence

clinical competence

does not acknowledge racial, cultural, and gender differences sufficiently to be helpful

graying of the workforce

dramatic increase in the elderly population attributed to aging baby boomer generation, declining fertility rates, and increased longevity

cultural assimilation

expectation by the people in power that all immigrants and people outside the dominant group will give up their ethnic and cultural values and will adopt the values and norms of the dominant society

Tuskegee experiment

experiment carried out from 1932 to 1972 by US public health service in which over 600 Alabama Black men were used as guinea pigs to determine what would happen to the body if syphilus were left untreated

cultural relativism

focus on the culture and on how the disorder is manifested and treated within it

overly emotional

gender stereotype about women implying that they are emotional and by association irrational when it comes to making sense of real issues

multicultural counseling and therapy

helping role and process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients, recognizes client identities to include individual, group, and universal dimensions, advocates the use of universal and culture specific strategies and roles in the healing process, and balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of client and client systems

scientific racism

historical use of science in the investigation of racial differences seems to be linked with White supremacist notions

"white social silence"

reinforces a negative view of African Americans among the public by focusing on unstable Black families only

hypersensitive

sensitive about sexual orientation, race, gender etc. as if there is no valid reason she should be

institutional racism

set of policies, priorities and accepted normative patterns designed to subjugate, oppress, and force dependence of individuals and groups on a larger society by sanctioning unequal goals, unequal status, and unequal access to goods and services

societal

social policies including racial profiling, misinformation in educational materials, and inequities in health care, are detrimental to the mental and physical health of minority groups and therefore should be updated

culturally deficient model

social scientists placed heavy reliance on environmental factors that portrayed them as culturally disadvantaged, deficient, or deprived instead of a biological condition that caused differences

authority set

some individuals are thought to have a particular position that gives them a legitimate right to prescribe attitudes or behaviors

ethnocentric bias

some professionals believe that minorities are inherently pathological and that therapy involves a simple modification of traditional White models

color blindness

statements that indicate a white person does not want to acknowledge race

myth of meritocracy

statements which assert that race or gender does not play a role in life successes

cultural encapsulation Wrenn 1962

substitution of modal stereotypes for the real world, disregarding cultural variations in a dogmatic adherence to some universal notion of truth, and use of technique-oriented definition of counseling process

cultural deficit models

tend to view culturally diverse groups as possessing dysfunctional values and belief systems that are often handicaps to be overcome, be ashamed of, and avoid

use of sexist/heterosexist language

terms that exclude or degrade women and LGB persons

dilemna 2 or microaggressions: invisibility of unintentional expression of bias

that the microaggression is essentially invisible to the perpetrator creates a psycological dilemna for victims that can leave them frustrated, feeling powerless, and even questioning their own sanity

pathologiing cultural values/communication styles

the notion that the values and communication styles of the dominant/white culture are ideal

unintentional racism

unaware of the harmful consequences of their behavior

knowledge component

understanding and knowledge of the worldviews of culturally diverse individuals and groups

covert sexism

unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner

subtle sexism

unequal and unfair treatment of women that is not recognized by many people because it is perceived to be normative and therefore does not appear unusual

etic

universal application of concepts and goals

cultural universality

universality focus on disorders and their consequent treatments and minimize cultural factors

Uncle Tom Syndrome

used by minorities to appear docile, nonassertive, and happy golucky to prevent oppression from the white population

cultural deprivation

used to indicate that many groups perform poorly on tests or exhibit deviant characteristics because they lack many of the advantages of middle class culture

ethnocentric monoculturalism

values, assumptions, and beliefs of a society are structured in such a way as to serve only one narrom segment of the population; cultural encapsulation plus cultural racism

antigay harassment

verbal or physical behavior that injures, interferes with, or intimidates lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual individuals

invisible veil

what people's values and beliefs or worldviews represent that operates outside the level of conscious awareness

dileman 4 of microaggressions: catch-22 of responding to microaggressions

when a microaggression occurs, the recipient is often placed in an unenviable position of having to decide what to do

alien in their own land

when asian americans and latino americans are assumed to be foreign born

dilemna 3 of microaggressions: perceived minimal harm of microaggressions

when perpetrators are confronted about microaggressions, they accuse the victim of overreacting or being hypersensitive, or touchy

YAVIS

young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful. this preference tends to discriminate against people from different minority groups or those of lower socioeconomic classes


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

6 FACTORS THAT MAY SHIFT THE SUPPLY CURVE

View Set