unit test 2

Which aspect of the financial system created by the Commercial Revolution most clearly paved the way for today's corporations? joint-stock companies state-created banks stock markets stable currencies

A

Which explorer extended France's influence in the Americas through his establishment of Quebec? Samuel de Champlain Vasco da Gama Robert de La Salle Christopher Columbus

A

In Inca society, the Sapa Inca served as a chief. a farmer. the emperor. the religious leader.

C

what aspect of the Commercial Revolution could bring discord between the colonists and their mother countries

all goods and raw materials were tightly regulated by the mother country

John Newton's diary

showed how the enslaved people onboard suffered from illness frequently.

As navigation skills advanced, explorers reached the area now known as the Straits of Magellan. The Straits of Magellan are located

south of Chile and Argentina.

The Dutch East India Co., the British East India Co, and the Virginia Co.

were joint-stock companies

the positive balance of trade for a country is..

exporting more goods than importing

The Columbian Exchange affected the African people by

introducing new crops and the decimation of the native population in the New World leading to the enslavement of many people from Africa.

The Incas developed a record-keeping system using

knots and designs in strings.

The tribute states of the ancient Aztec empire

made regular payments to the emperor.

Global exploration by sea was made possible primarily by

new technology.

Cartography is the science of mapmaking. the process of transporting explorers. an advanced type of sailing ship. a device used for navigation.

A

Exploration was carried out competitively among European nations. cooperatively between the peoples of the world. cooperatively between the nations of Europe. with a sense of goodwill toward all people.

A

How did interactions among the peoples and societies of the world during the age of discovery affect European technology? They led to technological growth. They had no real impact on technology. They were damaging to technological know-how. They stifled technological growth.

A

Which statement best describes the effect of Triangular Trade on Africa? Communities were devastated, the population declined, families were torn apart, and slave trading wars claimed even more African lives. Societal fabric was destroyed, between 10-15 million Africans were sent to the New World, and the rise of African state banks occurred. Young, healthy Africans were sent to the New World, a smallpox epidemic further decreased the population, and Africa began growing coffee. Ten to twenty percent of Africans on the Middle Passage died due to inhumane conditions, West Africa became a trading post for corn and wheat, and wars for colonial control began.

A

Which statement best explains how terrace farming differed from slash-and-burn agriculture? Terrace farming was used to grow crops in mountain areas, while slash-and-burn agriculture was used to grow crops in rainforests. Terrace farming was used to grow crops in rainforests, while slash-and-burn agriculture was used to grow crops in mountain areas. Terrace farming allowed farmers to grow a variety of crops, while slash-and-burn agriculture could only be used to grow corn. Terrace farming could only be used to grow corn, while slash-and-burn agriculture allowed farmers to grow a variety of crops.

A

What were the crusades?

A time of cultural diffusion with the spirit of exploration

Effects of the Columbia Exchange

Africa's population declined, the Americas flourished with plants from Europe, and wealth flowed in the European economy.

Where did the Portuguese trade?

Along the Gold Coast

How were the Mayas and the Zapotecs similar?

Both civilizations played a ball game with hoops.

What happened with the decline of feudalism and Rise of Nations?

Asian trade routes were opened up and weakened the nobility and strengthened monarchies. It also saw the rise of Portugal, Spain, France, and England

As navigation skills advanced, explorers reached the area now known as the Straits of Magellan. The Straits of Magellan are located south of Chile and Argentina. at the southernmost point of Brazil. between the South China Sea and India. at the southern tip of Africa.

B

Inca civilization was structured as a coalition of independent city-states. a large empire with one ruler. tribes unified under one religion. tribute states under a central authority.

B

The Incas developed a record-keeping system using shells and beads on strings. knots and designs in strings. writing and pictographs. numbers and calculations

B

Land used to get to America during Last Age

Bering Strait

What did the Chavíns and the Incas have in common?

Both civilizations lived in the Andes Mountains.

Read the following passages from John Newton's diary. Saturday 22 June Being pretty warm, got up the men and washed all the slaves with fresh water. l am much afraid of another ravage from the flux [diarrheal infection], for we have had 8 taken within these few days. Thursday 27 June When we were putting the slaves down in the evening, one that was sick jumped overboard. Got him in again but he died immediately between his weakness and the salt water he had swallowed, though I imagine he would have lived but a little while being quite worn out. Which claim is supported by this reading? The men on board the ship treated the enslaved people well. The ship suffered an epidemic of bacterial infection. The enslaved people onboard suffered from illness with some frequency. A large percentage of the enslaved people onboard had died.

C

This photo shows an early Mesoamerican structure. What was this structure most likely used for? creating terraces for farm fields practicing religious ceremonies playing a ball game with stone hoops protecting a city from invading armies

C

This photo shows ruins at Machu Picchu. Which early American civilization built this ancient city? the Aztecs the Chavins the Incas the Maya

C

What gave rise to the slave trade? The lack of a skilled labor force in the Americas and the decline of the West African population caused residents to seek a living elsewhere. The shipment of gold from the Americas to Europe caused plantation owners to seek inexpensive laborers. The death of many American Indians to disease and the planting of labor-intensive crops. The European investment in trading companies and the rise of Christianity in the Americas.

C

What was one characteristic of early European exploration? It was safe. It was fast. It was expensive. It was predictable.

C

Which statement best describes the political structure of the ancient Aztecs? The Aztecs developed city-states that were powerful but independent. The Aztec civilization included different groups unified under a single religion. The Aztec civilization was ruled by an emperor and had about four hundred tribute states. The Aztecs were ruled by representatives from different city-states.

C

Where were Inca located?

Chile

During the Age of Discovery, interactions between Asia and Europe led to competition for land and resources and caused trade setbacks for Europeans. led to the creation of maps that were too difficult to read. were welcome and peaceful. were accompanied by an increase in trade.

D

The Dutch East India Company, the British East India Company, and the Virginia Company were single-stock companies multiple-stock companies monarchy-funded companies joint-stock companies

D

This map shows the location of the Olmec civilization in the area shaded orange. Which early American culture lived to the east of the Olmecs? the Aztecs the Chavins the Incas the Maya

D

What was one difference between Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias? Dias accidentally reached the tip of Africa, while this was da Gama's purpose. Dias was from Spain, while da Gama was from Italy. Dias circumnavigated the globe, while da Gama did not. Da Gama found the Cape of Good Hope, while Dias did not.

D

What was one difference between Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias?

Dias accidentally reached the tip of Africa, while this was da Gama's purpose.

What was the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation?

Disagreements over church authority, along with outrage over corrupt practices among the clergy leading to a reform movement.

Where were Olmec located?

Gulf of Mexico on swampland

Who explored North America and the Arctic?

Henry Hudson

Whose explorations led to a greater knowledge of North America, the Arctic, Australia, and the Hawaiian islands?

Henry Hudson's and James Cook's

What product came before the Columbian Exchange and from the country...

Horses came from Europe

Cuzco was once a large city in the

Inca civilization.

What was one characteristic of early European exploration?

It was expensive.

Where were Aztec located?

Mexico

What were the four native tribes discussed in lecture?

Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca

Which statement best explains how terrace farming differed from slash-and-burn agriculture?

Terrace farming was used to grow crops in mountain areas, while slash-and-burn agriculture was used to grow crops in rainforests.

Which statement best describes the political structure of the ancient Aztecs?

The Aztec civilization was ruled by an emperor and had about four hundred tribute states.

Which statement best describes the political structure of the ancient Chavíns?

The Chavín civilization included different groups unified under a single religion.

How did Olmec civilization differ from Maya civilization

The Olmecs were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Mayas came later and adopted some of the Olmecs' early practices.

Where were Maya located?

Yucatán Peninsula

Inca civilization was structured as

a large empire with one ruler.

The Impact of the Commercial Revolution could be most felt in which area?

an economic impact, the birth of the banking system, growth of capitalism and companies dramatically increased

mercantilism

an economic policy in which countries collect gold or silver and control trade

What was the Commercial Revolution?

an enormous change in the rules of commerce due to the Columbian Exchange

During the Age of Discovery, the purpose of most European explorations was to search for resources and trade routes and to

claim territory outside of Europe.

What is the most accurate list of mercantilism rules?

collect gold and silver, export more goods than what one imports, have the colonies provide raw materials , sell manufactured goods from the mother country to colonies

Which statement best describes the effect of Triangular Trade on Africa?

communities were devastated, the population declined, families were torn apart, and slave trading was claimed even more African lives.

Exploration was carried out

competitively among European nations.

The Olmec people

constructed giant stone monuments.

In Portugal, the ability and motivation to explore was aided by

strong leadership from Prince Henry.

This photo shows ruins at Machu Picchu. Which early American civilization built this ancient city?

the Incas

Which early American civilization built the ancient city of Machu Picchu?

the Incas

The fact that the astrolabe was developed in the Muslim empire implies that

the Muslim empire was advanced in technology.

What gave rise to the slave trade?

the death of many American Indians to disease and the planting of labor-intensive crops.

In Inca society, the Sapa Inca served as

the emperor.

During the Age of Discovery, interactions between Asia and Europe led to competition for land and resources and

were accompanied by an increase in trade.

from Olaudah Equiano's autobiography

the existence of strong smells

Cartography is

the science of mapmaking.

What was one of Portugal's main goals in exploring the west coast of Africa?

to claim territory along the coast

What was Vasco da Gama's main goal?

to find a water route to India

Why did Europeans travel across the Mediterranean Sea to reach the Silk Road?

to obtain cloths, spices, and other goods

why were joint-stock companies created

to reduce the the risk of overseas business

How did Olmec civilization differ from Maya civilization? The Olmecs were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Mayas came later and adopted some of the Olmecs' early practices. The Mayas were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Olmecs came later and rejected most of the Mayas' early practices. The Olmec civilization declined after a prolonged drought, while the Maya civilization continued to flourish into the 1500s. The Maya civilization declined after a prolonged drought, while the Olmec civilization declined after years of warfare

A

How did the Columbian Exchange affect the African people? The introduction of new crops and the decimation of the native population in the New World led to the capture and enslavement of many African people. The introduction of new crops and the Commercial Revolution in Europe led to the transfer of goods for African land. The introduction of new animals and diseases to the Americas led to the Middle Passage, a ship route that transported many American Indians to Africa. The introduction of the joint-stock company and the rise of cities and towns led many African people to invest in the New World.

A

The Treaty of Tordesillas best facilitated exploration by settling competition over colonized territories. establishing sea routes to Asia. sponsoring voyages along Africa's west coast. selecting trained explorers .

A

The illustration shows a section of a slave ship along the Middle Passage. What does this drawing show about enslaved Africans aboard this ship? It shows how tightly they were packed, which led to a harsh and often deadly journey. It shows how loosely they were packed, which led to a very safe and calming journey. It shows how comfortably they were packed, which led to a secure and harmless journey. It shows how carelessly they were packed, which led to a casual and effortless journey.

A

What was Vasco da Gama's main goal? to find a water route to India to discover Brazil to explore for the Spanish to reach the Americas

A

The map below shows a graphic representation of an important movement in the 16th - 18th centuries. What do the arrows show? the three primary trade winds that helped ships travel in the 1500s the movement of goods, money, and enslaved people that made up Triangular Trade the movement of silver during the Commercial Revolution three primary routes for commercial trade between Hispaniola and the Old World

B

The tribute states of the ancient Aztec empire were governed directly by the emperor. made regular payments to the emperor. acted as powerful independent city-states. surrounded the main Aztec city-state.

B

What is the best definition for mercantilism? an economic policy in which investors buy shares in a company in order to share the risks and profits an economic policy in which countries collect gold or silver and control trade an economic system in which individuals own businesses an economic system in which money is put into something, such as a business, in order to make a profit

B

Which is the most accurate list of mercantilism rules? i. Collect gold and silver. ii. Import more goods than what one exports. iii. Provide raw materials to colonies. iv. Sell manufactured goods from colonies to the mother country. i. Collect gold and silver. ii. Export more goods than what one imports. iii. Have the colonies provide raw materials. iv. Sell manufactured goods from the mother country to colonies. i. Sell gold and silver. ii. Import more goods than what one exports. iii. Sell raw materials to colonies. iv. Provide manufactured goods to colonies. i. Sell gold and silver. ii. Export more goods than what one imports. iii. Have colonies sell raw materials. iv. Sell manufactured goods from the mother country to colonies.

B

This photo shows an early Mesoamerican structure. What was this structure most likely used for?

playing a ball game with stone hoops

The Treaty of Tordesillas best facilitated exploration by

settling competition over colonized territories.